Haemodynamic changes in trauma

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 113, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 266-275

  Kirkman, E ^a   Watts, S ^a  

^a DEFENCE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Haemodynamics; Wounds and injuries

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; MORPHINE; OPIATE;

ACCIDENT; BLAST INJURY; BLEEDING; BLOOD FLOW; CARDIOPULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS; CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE; CAUSE OF DEATH; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; HEART RATE; HUMAN; INJURY; LUNG INJURY; MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; SHOCK; SURVIVAL; TISSUE INJURY; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

HAEMODYNAMICS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; BLAST INJURIES; HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS; HEMODYNAMICS; HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RESUSCITATION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84905667281     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: 14716771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu232     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Findlay G, Martin IC, Carter S, Smith N, WeymanD, Mason M, editors. Trauma: who cares? A report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. London, UK: National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death, 2007:1-151
2. Chiara O, Cimbanassi S. Organized trauma care: does volume matter and do trauma centers save lives? Curr Opin Crit Care 2003; 9: 510-4 (Pubitemid 37518651)
3. Champion HR, Bellamy RF, Roberts CP, Leppaniemi A. A profile of combat injury. J Trauma 2003; 54: S13-9 (Pubitemid 36758844)
4. Sauaia A, Moore FA, Moore EE, et al. Epidemiologyof traumadeaths: a reassessment. J Trauma 1995; 38: 185-93
5. Champion HR, Holcomb JB, Young LA. Injuries from explosions: physics, biophysics, pathology, and required research focus. J Trauma 2009; 66: 1468-77. Discussion 1477
6. Secher NH, Bie P. Bradycardia during reversible haemorrhagic shock-a forgotten observation? Clin Physiol 1985; 5: 315-23 (Pubitemid 15002984)
7. Sander-Jensen K, Secher NH, Bie P, Warberg J, Schwartz TW. Vagal slowing of the heart during haemorrhage: observations from 20 consecutive hypotensive patients. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986; 292: 364-6 (Pubitemid 16125654)
8. Angell James JE. The effects of altering mean pressure, pulse pressure and pulse frequency on the impulse activity in baroreceptor fibres from the aortic arch and right subclavian artery in the rabbit. J Physiol (Lond) 1971; 214: 65-88
9. Barcroft H, EdholmOG, McMichael J, Sharpey Schafer EP. Posthaemorrhagic fainting: study by cardiac output and forearm blood flow. Lancet 1944; 1: 489-91
10. Little RA, MarshallHW, Kirkman E. Attenuation of the acute cardiovascular responses to haemorrhage by tissue injury in the conscious rat. Q J Exp Physiol 1989; 74: 825-33 (Pubitemid 20078490)
11. Evans RG, Ludbrook J. Chemosensitive cardiopulmonary afferents and the haemodynamic response to simulated haemorrhage in conscious rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1991; 102: 533-9
12. Ludbrook J, Ventura S. Roles of carotid baroreceptor and cardiac afferents in hemodynamic responses to acute central hypovolemia. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: H1538-48
13. Little RA, Randall PE, Redfern WS, Stoner HB, Marshall HW. Components of injury (haemorrhage and tissue ischaemia) affecting cardiovascular reflexes in man and rat. Q J Exp Physiol 1984; 69: 753-62 (Pubitemid 15213618)
14. Hoffman RL. Ruptureof the spleen.Areviewandreport of acase following abdominal hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 113: 524-30
15. Scherrer U, Vissing S, Morgan BJ, Hanson P, Victor RG. Vasovagal syncope after infusion of a vasodilator in a heart-transplant recipient. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 602-4 (Pubitemid 20190795)
16. Shen YT, Knight DR, Thomas JX, Vatner SF. Relative roles of cardiac receptors and arterial baroreceptors during hemorrhage in conscious dogs. Circ Res 1990; 66: 397-405 (Pubitemid 20041171)
17. Evans RG, Ventura S, Dampney RA, Ludbrook J. Neural mechanisms in the cardiovascular responses to acute central hypovolaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001; 28: 479-87 (Pubitemid 32538920)
18. Convertino VA, Parquette B, Zeihr J, et al. Use of respiratory impedance in prehospital care of hypotensive patients associated with hemorrhage and trauma: a case series. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73: S54-9 Available from http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id= 22847095&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks
19. Convertino VA, Ryan KL, Rickards CA, et al. Inspiratory resistance maintains arterial pressure during central hypovolemia: implications for treatment of patients with severe hemorrhage. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1145-52 (Pubitemid 46598967)
20. CookeWH, RyanKL, ConvertinoVA. Lowerbodynegativepressureas a model to study progression to acute hemorrhagic shock in humans. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96: 1249-61 (Pubitemid 38392658)
21. van Hoeyweghen R, Hanson J, Stewart MJ, et al. Cardiovascular responseto gradedlowerbodynegativepressureinyoungandelderly man. Exp Physiol 2001; 86: 427-35
22. el-Sayed H, Hainsworth R. Relationship between plasma volume, carotid baroreceptor sensitivity and orthostatic tolerance. Clin Sci 1995; 88: 463-70
23. Julu POO, Cooper VL, Hansen S, Hainsworth R. Cardiovascular regulation in the period preceding vasovagal syncope in conscious humans. J Physiol (Lond) 2003; 549: 299-311 (Pubitemid 36626416)
24. Hinojosa-Laborde C, Shade RE, Muniz GW, et al. Validation of lower body negative pressure as an experimental model of hemorrhage. J Appl Physiol 2014; 116: 406-15 Available from http://eutils.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink. fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=24356525&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks
25. Hanson JM, van Hoeyweghen R, Kirkman E, Thomas A, Horan MA. Use of stroke distance in the early detection of simulated blood loss. J Trauma 1998; 44: 128-34 (Pubitemid 28095831)
26. Ward KR, Tiba MH, Ryan KL, et al. Oxygen transport characterization of a human model of progressive hemorrhage. Resuscitation 2010; 81: 987-93
27. Lipcsey M, Woinarski NC, Bellomo R. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of the thenar eminence in anesthesia and intensive care. Ann Intensive Care 2012; 2: 11
28. Maier S, Holz-Hölzl C, PajkW, et al. Microcirculatory parametersafter isotonicandhypertonic colloidal fluid resuscitation in acutehemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 2009; 66: 337-45
29. Soller BR, Yang Y, Soyemi OO, et al. Noninvasively determined muscle oxygen saturation is an early indicator of central hypovolemia in humans. J Appl Physiol 2007; 104: 475-81. Available from http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=18006869&retmode=ref&cmd= prlinks (Pubitemid 351231494)
30. Tiba MH, Draucker GT, Barbee RW, et al. Tissue oxygenation monitoring using resonance Raman spectroscopy during hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76: 402-8
31. Convertino VA, Grudic G, Mulligan J, Moulton S. Estimation of individual-specific progression to impending cardiovascular instability using arterial waveforms. J Appl Physiol 2013; 115: 1196-202. Available from http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id= 23928113&retmode=ref&cmd= prlinks
32. Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA. Running on empty? The compensatory reserve index. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 75: 1053-9. Available from http://eutils.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom= pubmed&id=24256681&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks
33. Redfern WS, Little RA, Stoner HB, MarshallHW. Effect of limb ischaemia on blood pressure and the blood pressure-heart rate reflex in the rat. Q J Exp Physiol 1984; 69: 763-79 (Pubitemid 15213619)
34. OvermanRR, WangSC. The contributory role of the afferent nervous factor in experimental shock; sublethal hemorrhage and sciatic nerve stimulation. Am J Physiol 1947; 148: 289-95
35. Kirkman E, Zhang H, Spapen H, Little RA, Vincent JL. Effects of afferent neural stimulation on critical oxygen delivery: a hemodynamic explanation. Am J Physiol 1995; 269: R1448-54
36. Foëx BA, Kirkman E, Little RA. Injury (nociceptive afferent nerve stimulation) modifies the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to hemorrhage in immature swine. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 740-6 (Pubitemid 38340071)
37. Mackway-Jones K, Foëx BA, Kirkman E, Little RA. Modification of the cardiovascular response to hemorrhage by somatic afferent nerve stimulation with special reference to gut and skeletal muscle blood flow. J Trauma 1999; 47: 481-5 (Pubitemid 29444384)
38. Wu W-T, Lin N-T, Subeq Y-M, Lee R-P, Chen I-H, Hsu B-G. Erythropoietin protects severehaemorrhagicshock-inducedorgandamagein conscious rats. Injury 2010; 41: 724-30
39. Lee C-C, Lee R-P, Subeq Y-M, Lee C-J, Chen T-M, Hsu B-G. Fluvastatin attenuates severe hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage in rats. Resuscitation 2009; 80: 372-8
40. Deitch EA, Adams CA, Lu Q, Xu DZ. Mesenteric lymph fromrats subjected to trauma-hemorrhagic shock are injurious to rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Shock 2001; 16: 290-3 (Pubitemid 33599117)
41. Reino DC, Pisarenko V, Palange D, et al. Traumahemorrhagic shockinduced lung injury involves a gut-lymph-induced TLR4 pathway in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6: e14829
42. Xu D-Z, Lu Q, Adams CA, Issekutz AC, Deitch EA. Traumahemorrhagic shock-induced up-regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules is blunted by mesenteric lymph duct ligation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 760-5 (Pubitemid 38340074)
43. Rady MY, Little RA, Edwards JD, Kirkman E, Faithful S. The effect of nociceptive stimulation on the changes in hemodynamics and oxygen transport induced by hemorrhage in anesthetized pigs. J Trauma 1991; 31: 617-21. Discussion 621-2
44. RadyMY, Kirkman E, Cranley J, Little RA.Acomparison of the effects of skeletal muscle injury and somatic afferent nerve stimulation on the response to hemorrhage in anesthetized pigs. J Trauma 1993; 35: 756-61 (Pubitemid 23355493)
45. Belanger HG, Scott SG, Scholten J, Curtiss G, Vanderploeg RD. Utility of mechanism-of-injury-based assessment and treatment: Blast Injury Programcase illustration. J Rehabil Res Dev2005;42: 403-12
46. Elsayed NM. Toxicology of blast overpressure. Toxicology 1997; 121: 1-15 (Pubitemid 27259670)
47. Kirkman E, Watts S. Characterization of the response to primary blast injury. Philos Trans R Soc Lond, B, Biol Sci 2011; 366: 286-90
48. AlmogyG, LuriaT, Richter E, et al.Canexternal signs of traumaguide management?: lessons learned from suicide bombing attacks in Israel. Arch Surg 2005; 140: 390-3 (Pubitemid 40489960)
49. Elsayed NM, Gorbunov NV, Kagan VE. A proposed biochemical mechanism involving hemoglobin for blast overpressure-induced injury. Toxicology 1997; 121: 81-90 (Pubitemid 27259676)
50. Gorbunov NV, Asher LV, Ayyagari V, Atkins JL. Inflammatory leukocytes and iron turnover in experimental hemorrhagic lung trauma. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 80: 11-25 (Pubitemid 41828223)
51. Gorbunov NV, Elsayed NM, Kisin ER, Kozlov AV, Kagan VE. Air blastinduced pulmonary oxidative stress: interplay among hemoglobin, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation.AmJ Physiol 1997; 272: L320-34
52. Gorbunov NV, McFaul SJ, Januszkiewicz A, Atkins JL. Proinflammatory alterations and status of blood plasma iron in a model of blast-induced lung trauma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2005; 18: 547-56 (Pubitemid 41532370)
53. Finlay SE, Earby M, Baker DJ, Murray VSG. Explosions and human health: the long-term effects of blast injury. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 27: 385-91
54. Smith JE. The epidemiology of blast lung injury during recent military conflicts: a retrospective database review of cases presenting todeployedmilitary hospitals, 2003-2009. Philos TransRSoc LondB Biol Sci 2011; 366: 291-4
55. Aboudara M, Mahoney PF, Hicks B, Cuadrado D. Primary blast lung injury at a NATO Role 3 hospital. J R Army Med Corps 2014; 160: 161-6
56. de Ceballos JPG, Turégano-Fuentes F, Pérez-Díaz D, Sanz-SánchezM, Martin-Llorente C, Guerrero-Sanz JE. 11 March 2004: The terrorist bombexplosions in Madrid, Spain-an analysis of the logistics, injuries sustained and clinicalmanagement of casualties treated at the closest hospital. Crit Care 2005; 9: 104-11 (Pubitemid 40246779)
57. Martí M, Parrón M, Baudraxler F, Royo A, Gómez León N, Alvarez-Sala R. Blast injuries from Madrid terrorist bombing attacks on March 11, 2004. Emerg Radiol 2006; 13: 113-22 (Pubitemid 44836913)
58. Ohnishi M, Kirkman E, Guy RJ, Watkins PE. Reflex nature of the cardiorespiratory response to primary thoracic blast injury in the anaesthetised rat. Exp Physiol 2001; 86: 357-64 (Pubitemid 32499438)
59. Irwin RJ, Lerner MR, Bealer JF, Mantor PC, Brackett DJ, Tuggle DW. Shock after blast wave injury is caused by a vagally mediated reflex. J Trauma 1999; 47: 105-10 (Pubitemid 29361600)
60. Harban F, Kirkman E, Kenward CE, Watkins PE. Primary thoracic blast injury causes acute reduction in cardiac function in the anaesthetised pig. J Physiol (Lond) 2001; 533: 81P
61. Žunić G, Romić P, Vueljić M, Jovanikić O. Very early increase in nitric oxide formation and oxidative cell damage associated with the reduction of tissue oxygenation is a trait of blast casualties. Vojnosanit Pregl 2005; 62: 273-80
62. Žunić G, Pavlović R, Maličević Ž , Savić V, Cernak I. Pulmonary blast injury increases nitric oxide production, disturbs arginine metabolism, andalters theplasmafreeaminoacid pool in rabbits during the early posttraumatic period. Nitric Oxide 2000; 4: 123-8 (Pubitemid 30318302)
63. Gorbunov NV, Das DK, Goswami SK, Gurusami N, Atkins JL. Nitric oxide (NO), redox signalling, and pulmonary inflammation in a model of polytrauma. Davos, Switzerland 2006; 2-4
64. Guy RJ, Kirkman E, Watkins PE, Cooper GJ. Physiologic responses to primary blast. J Trauma 1998; 45: 983-7 (Pubitemid 29004108)
65. Kirkman E, Watts S, Cooper G. Blast injury research models. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366: 144-59
66. Sawdon M, Ohnishi M, Watkins PE, Kirkman E. The effects of primary thoracic blast injury and morphine on the response to haemorrhage in the anaesthetised rat. Exp Physiol 2002; 87: 683-9 (Pubitemid 35355821)
67. Hodgetts TJ, Mahoney PF, Russell MQ, Byers M. ABC to ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med J 2006; 23: 745-6
68. Bilski TR, Baker BC, Grove JR, et al. Battlefield casualties treated at CampRhino, Afghanistan: lessons learned.JTrauma2003;54: 814-21
69. Stevens RA, Bohman HR, Baker BC, Chambers LW. The U.S. Navy's forward resuscitative surgery system during Operation Iraqi Freedom. Mil Med 2005; 170: 297-301 (Pubitemid 40547601)
70. UK DefenceMedical Education Training Agency. Battlefield Advanced Life Support, 2006
71. NICE. Pre-hospital initiation of fluid replacement therapy in trauma. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2004; 1-32
72. Bickell WH, Wall MJ, Pepe PE, et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1105-9 (Pubitemid 24321214)
73. Kowalenko T, Stern S, Dronen S, Wang X. Improved outcome with hypotensive resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in a swine model. J Trauma 1992; 33: 349-53. Discussion 361-2
74. Stern SA, Dronen SC, Birrer P, Wang X. Effect of blood pressure on hemorrhage volume and survival in a near-fatal hemorrhage model incorporating a vascular injury. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22: 155-63 (Pubitemid 23058891)
75. Garner J, Watts S, Parry C, Bird J, CooperG, KirkmanE. Prolongedpermissive hypotensive resuscitation is associated with poor outcome in primary blast injury with controlled hemorrhage. Ann Surg 2010; 251: 1131-9
76. Doran CM, Doran CA, Woolley T, et al. Targeted resuscitation improves coagulation and outcome. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72: 835-43
77. Kirkman E, Watts S. Combat casualty care research programme. J R Army Med Corps doi:10.1136/jramc-2014-000254
78. Ohnishi M, KirkmanE, Hiraide A, Little RA. Bradycardiaandhypotension associated with severe hemorrhage are reversed by morphine given centrally or peripherally in anesthetized rats. J Trauma 1998; 45: 1024-30 (Pubitemid 29004114)
79. Ohnishi M, Kirkman E, Marshall HW, Little RA. Morphine blocks the bradycardia associated with severe hemorrhage in the anesthetized rat. Brain Res 1997; 763: 39-46 (Pubitemid 27323736)
80. Evans RG, Ludbrook J. Effects of mu-opioid receptor agonists on circulatory responses to simulated haemorrhage in conscious rabbits. Br J Pharmacol 1990; 100: 421-6 (Pubitemid 20222268)
81. Evans RG, Ludbrook J, VanLeeuwen AF. Role of central opiate receptor subtypes in the circulatory responses ofawake rabbits to graded caval occlusions. J Physiol (Lond) 1989; 419: 15-31 (Pubitemid 20012006)
82. Frithiof R, Rundgren M. Activation of central opioid receptors determines the timing of hypotension during acute hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia in conscious sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291: R987-96 (Pubitemid 44498439)
83. Molina PE, Zambell KL, Zhang P, Vande Stouwe C, Carnal J. Hemodynamic and immune consequences of opiate analgesia after trauma/hemorrhage. Shock 2004; 21: 526-34
84. Feuerstein G, Siren AL. Effect of naloxone and morphine on survival of conscious rats after hemorrhage. Circ Shock 1986; 19: 293-300 (Pubitemid 16097473)
85. Marshall HW, Prehar S, Kirkman E, Little RA. Morphine increases mortality after haemorrhage in the rat. J Accid Emerg Med 1998; 15: 133