Toxicology of blast overpressure

Toxicology

Volumn 121, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-15

  Elsayed, Nabil M ^a,b  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Blast overpressure; Free radicals; High energy impulse noise; Lung injury; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

FREE RADICAL;

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BAROTRAUMA; BLAST INJURY; CONFERENCE PAPER; EXPLOSION; HUMAN; HYPERBARISM; LUNG INJURY; NOISE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

AIR PRESSURE; ANIMALS; BLAST INJURIES; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EXPLOSIONS; FREE RADICALS; HUMANS; LUNG; MILITARY SCIENCE; NOISE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VIOLENCE;

PHRAGMITES;

EID: 0030953797     PISSN: 0300483X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-483X(97)03651-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (77)

1. Adams, D.B. and Schwab, C.W. (1988) Twenty-one-year experience with land mine injuries. J. Trauma 28, S159-S162.
2. Ayene, I.S., Dodia, C. and Fisher, A.B. (1992) Role of oxygen in oxidation of lipid and protein during ischemia/reperfusion in isolated perfused rat lung. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 296, 183-189.
3. Bajec, J., Gang, R.K. and Lari, A.R. (1993) Post Gulf war explosive injuries in liberated Kuwait. Injury 24, 517-520.
4. Baker, S.P. and O'Neill, B. (1976) The injury severity score: An update. J. Trauma 16, 882-885.
5. Benzinger, T. (1950) Physiological effects of blast in air and water. In: German Aviation Medicine, World War II, Vol. 2, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 1225-1259.
6. Bowen, I.G., Fletcher, E.R., Richmond, D.R., Hirsch, F.G. and White, C.S. (1968) Biophysical mechanisms and scaling procedures applicable in assessing responses of the thorax energized by air-blast overpressure or by nonpenetrating missiles. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 152, 122-146.
7. Brismar, B. and Bergenwald, L. (1982) The terrorist bomb explosion in Bologna, Italy, 1980: An analysis of the effects and injuries sustained. J. Trauma 22, 216-220.
8. Brown, R.F.R., Cooper, G.J. and Maynard, R.L. (1993) The ultrastructure of rat lung following acute primary blast injury. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 74, 151-162.
9. Cassen, B., Curtis, L. and Kistler, K (1950). Initial studies of the effect of laboratory produced air blast on animals. J. Aviat. Med. 21, 38-47.
10. Celander, H., Clemedson, C., Ericksson, U. and Hultman, H. (1955) The use of compressed-air-operated shock tube for physiological blast research. Acta Physiol. Scand. 32, 6-13.
11. Cernak, I., Savic, J., Zunic, G., Ivanoyic, I., Radosevic, P., Malicevic, Z. and Davidovic, L. (1994) The involvement of CNS in the general response of organism to the pulmonary blast injury. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium of Weapons Traumatology and Wound Ballistics, St. Petersburg, Russia, p. 92.
12. Chesnokov, P.T. and Kholoddny, A.Y. (1970) Pathomorphological shifts in the organism caused by explosive blast waves. Voen Med. Zh. 8, 33-36 (in Russian).
13. Clemedson, C-J. (1953) Respiration and pulmonary gas exchange in blast injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 6, 213-220.
14. Clemedson, C-J. (1954) Correlation between respiratory phase and extent of lung damage in air blast injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 7, 38-42.
15. Clemedson, C-J. (1956) Blast injury. Physiol. Rev. 36, 336-354.
16. Clemedson, C-J. and Hultman, H. (1954) Air embolism and the cause of death in blast injury. Milit. Surg. 114, 424-437.
17. Clifford, C.B., Moe, J.B., Jaeger, J.J. and Hess, J.L. (1984) Gastrointestinal lesions in lambs due to multiple low-level blast overpressure exposure. Milit. Med. 149, 491-495.
18. Cooper, G.J., Maynard, R.L., Aldous, F.A.B., Evans, V.A. and Kenwood, C.E. (1983a) Nonpenetrating injury to the chest: An experimental study of the biochemical principles of lung injury, the pathology of pulmonary contusions and their acute physiological effects (U) (Technical paper 344). Chemical Defense Establishment, Porton Downs, UK.
19. Cooper, G.J., Maynard, R.L., Cross, N.L. and Hill, J.F. (1983b) Casualties from terrorist bombings. J. Trauma 23, 955-967.
20. Cooper, G.J., Pearce, B.P., Cater, S.R., Kenwood, C.E. and Townsend, D. (1989) Augmentation by foam materials of lung injury produced by blast waves: The role of stress waves in thoracic visceral injury at high rates of energy transfer. In: Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biokinetics of Impacts, Stockholm, Sweden.
21. Coupland, R.M. and Howell, P.R. (1988) An experience of war surgery and wounds presenting after 3 days on the border of Afghanistan. Injury 19, 259-262.
22. Deneiga, V.G. (1966) Some information on the biophysics of pneumatic contusion. Biofizika 11, 371-374 (in Russian).
23. Desaga, H. (1950) Blast injuries. In: German Aviation Medicine, World War II, Vol. 2, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 1274-1293.
24. Dodd, K.T., Yelverton, J.T., Richmond, D.R., Morris, J.R. and Ripple, G.R. (1990) Nonauditory injury threshold for repeated intense freefield impulse noise. J. Occup. Med. 32, 260-266.
25. Dodd, K.T., Mundie, T.G., Lagutchik, M. and Martin, D.G. (1991) Performance decrement due to blast overpressure. In: Proceedings of the 12th Military Applications of Blast Simulation Symposium, France, pp. 613-617.
26. Elsayed, N.M., Dodd, K.T., Morris, J.R. and Ghosal, A. (1993a) Biochemical changes in sheep plasma after exposure to high energy impulse noise. Toxicologist 13, 336 (abstract).
27. Elsayed, N.M., Dodd, K.T., Fitzpatrick, T.M. and Morris, J.R. (1993b) Does high energy impulse noise result in free radical-mediated injury? In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Critical Aspects of Free Radicals in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Vienna, Austria, pp. 66 (abstract).
28. Elsayed, N.M., Dodd, K.T. and Fitzpatrick, T.M. (1994) Biochemical alterations associated with pulmonary contusion injury resulting from exposure to air blast. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 149, A1029 (Abstract).
29. Elsayed, N.M., Tyurina, Y.Y., Tyurin, V.A., Menshikova, E.V., Kisin, E.R. and Kagan, V.E. (1996) Antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, and impairment of calcium transport induced by air blast overpressure in rat lungs. Exp. Lung Res. 22, 179-200.
30. Elsayed, N.M., Fitzpatrick, T.M. and Dodd, K.T. (1997) Free radical-associated response in blood of sheep, rabbits, and rats after a single exposure to high energy impulse noise (blast). Environ. Nutri. Interact. 1(2), 11-22.
31. Ericsson, U. and Edin, K. (1960) On complete blast scaling. Phys. Fluids 3, 893-895.
32. Frykberg, E.R. and Tepas, J.J. (1988) Terrorist bombings. Lessons learned from Belfast to Beirut. Ann. Surg. 208, 569-576.
33. Gorbounov, N., Osipov, A.N., Day, B.W., Zayas-Rivera, B., Kagan, V.E. and Elsayed, N.M. (1995a) Antioxidant function of nitric oxide against oxoferryl hemoprotein-induced oxidations in the presence of organic hydroperoxides. Int. Congr. Toxicol. VII. Int. Toxicol. 7, 48-PF-2 (abstract).
34. Gorbounov, N.V., Osipov, A.N., Day, B.W., Zyas-Rivera, B., Kagan, V.E. and Elsayed, N.M. (1995b) Reduction of ferrylmyoglobin and ferrylhemoglobin by nitric oxide: A protective mechanism against ferryl hemoprotein-induced oxidations. Biochemistry 34, 6689-6699.
35. Gorbounov, N.V., Kagan, V.E., Elsayed, N.M., Kozlov, A.V., Ritov, V.B., Gaddam, A., Mawhinney, B.J. and Yalowich, J.C. (1996) A novel antioxidant function for nitric oxide against oxidative damage induced by hemoglobin. Toxicologist 16 (abstract).
36. Gorbounov, N.V., Elsayed, N.M., Kisin, E.R., Kozlov, A.V. and Kagan, V.E. (1997) Air blast overpressure induces oxidative stress in rat lungs; Interplay between hemoglobin, antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 16), L320-L334.
37. Hadden, W.A., Rutherford, W.H. and Merrett, J.D. (1978) The injuries of terrorist bombing: a study of 1532 consecutive patients. Br. J. Surg. 65, 525-531.
38. Harmon, J.W., Sampson, J.A., Graeber, G.M., Phillips, Y. and Richmond, D. (1988) Readily available serum chemical markers fail to aid in diagnosis of blast injury. J. Trauma 28, S153-S159.
39. Hasleton, P.S., Penna, P. and Torry, J. (1981) Effect of oxygen on the lungs after blast injury and burns. J. Clin. Pathol. 34, 1147-1154.
40. Hirsch, F.G. (1968) Effects of overpressure on the ear - A review. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 152, 147-162.
41. Hooker, D.R. (1924) Physiological effects of air concussion. Am. J. Physiol. 67, 219-274.
42. Horton, J.W. and White, D.J. (1993) Lipid peroxidation contributes to cardiac deficits after ischemia and reperfusion of the small bowel. Am. J. Physiol. 264, H1686-H1692.
43. Huller, T. and Bazini, Y. (1970) Blast injuries of the chest and abdomen. Arch. Surg. 100, 24-30.
44. Jaffin, J.H., Mckinney, L., Kinney, R.C., Cunningham, J.A., Moritz, D.M., Kraimer, J.M., Graeber, G.M., Moe, J.B., Slander, J.M. and Harmon, J.W. (1987) A laboratory model for studying blast overpressure injury. J. Trauma 27, 349-356.
45. Kagan, V.E., Day, B.W., Elsayed, N.M. and Gorbounov, N. V. (1995) Antioxidant interaction of semidehydroascorbyl radical with NO results in adduct formation. Int. Congr. Toxicol. VII, Int. Toxicol. 7, 48-PF-3 (abstract).
46. Katz, E., Ofek, B., Adler, J., Abramowitz, H.B. and Krausz, M.M. (1989) Primary blast injury after a bomb explosion in a civilian bus. Ann. Surg. 209, 484-488.
47. Liu, Z. (1992) Experimental study on the mechanism of free radical in blast trauma induced hearing loss. Chin. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 27, 24-61.
48. Melzer, E., Hersch, M., Fischer, D. and Hershko, C. (1966) Disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypopotassemia associated with blast lung injury. Chest 89, 690-693.
49. Mosley, R.V., Vernick, J.J. and Doty, D.B. (1970) Response to blunt chest injury: A new experimental model. J. Trauma 19, 673-683.
50. Moulson, N.M. (1984) Blast injury of the lungs due to lightning. Br. Med. J. 289, 1270-1271.
51. National Research Council (1992) Committee on Hearing, Bioacustics, and Biomechanics, Hazardous Exposure to Impulse Noise. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 1-24.
52. Paraidathathu, T., de Groot, H. and Kehrer, J.P. (1992) Production of reactive oxygen by mitochondria from normoxic and hypoxic rat heart tissue. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 13, 289-297.
53. Phillips III, Y.Y. and Richmond, D.R. (1991) Primary blast injury and basic research: a brief history. In: R.F. Bellamy and R. Zajtchuk (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine, Part I, Vol. 5, Conventional Warfare. Ballistic, Blast, and Burn Injuries, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of The Army, Washington, DC, pp. 221-240.
54. Pinilla, J.C. (1982) Acute respiratory failure in severe blunt chest trauma. J. Trauma 22, 221-226.
55. Pode, D., Landau, E.L., Lijovetzky, G. and Shapiro, A. (1989) Isolated pulmonary blast injury in rats - A new model using the extracorporeal shock-wave lithotriptor. Milit. Med. 154, 288-293.
56. Richmond, D.R., Clare, V.R., Goldizen, V.C., Pratt, D.E., Sanchez, R.T. and White, C.S. (1961) Biological effects of overpressure. II. A shock tube utilized to produce sharp-rising overpressure of 400 milliseconds duration and its employment in biomedical experiments. Aerospace Med. 32, 997-1008.
57. Rignault, D.P. and Deligny, M.C. (1989) The 1986 terrorist bombing experience in Paris. Ann. Surg. 209, 368-373.
58. Roberto, M., Hamernik, R.P. and Turrentine, G.A. (1989) Damage of the auditory system associated with acute blast trauma. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 98, 23-34.
59. Rössle, R. (1950) Pathology of blast effects. In: German Aviation Medicine, World War II, Vol. 2, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 1260-1273.
60. Rusca, F. (1915) Deutsche Ztschr f. Chir. 132, 315.
61. Schardin, H. (1950) The physical principles of the effects of a detonation. In: German Aviation Medicine, World War II, Vol 2, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 1207-1224.
62. Sharpnack, D.D., Johnson, A.J. and Phillips III, Y.Y. (1991) The pathology of primary blast injury. In: R. Bellamy and R. Zajtchuk (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine, Part I, Vol. 5, Conventional Warfare. Ballistic, Blast, and Burn Injuries. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of The Army, Washington, DC, pp. 271-294.
63. Shereshevsky, G.M. (1979) Contusions. Voen Med. Zh. 11, 22-25.
64. Sleeman, H.K., Simmons, R.L. and Heisterkamp III, C.A. (1969) Serum enzymes in combat casualties. Arch. Surg. 98, 272-274.
65. Stuhmiller, J.H., Chuong, C.J., Phillips, Y.Y. and Dodd, K.T. (1988) Computer modeling of thoracic response to blast. J. Trauma 28, S132-S139.
66. Stuhmiller, J.H., Phillips III, Y.Y. and Richmond, D.R. (1991) The physics and mechanisms of primary blast injury. In: R. Bellamy and R. Zajtchuk (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine, Part I, Vol. 5, Conventional Warfare. Ballistic, Blast, and Burn Injuries, Office of the Surgeon General, Department of The Army, Washington, DC, pp. 241-270.
67. Vassout, P., Dodd, K.T., Lagutchik, M. Jenkins, E. and Inskeep, W. (1991) Chronic (28 days) cardiopulmonary effects of blast overpressure. In: Proceedings of the 12th Military Applications of Blast Simulation Symposium, France, pp. 593-602.
68. Vassout, P., Parmentier, G. and Dancer, A. (1981) Study of the effects of a strong shock wave on the pig: Impact of the number of exposures. (Report 89/81). Institute Franco-Allemend de Resherches de Saint-Louis, Saint-Louis, France.
69. Vassout, P., Frank, R., Parmentier, G., Evard, G. and Dancer, A. (1986) Mesures de pression et acceleration intracorporelles chez le porc exposé a des ondes de chock fortes en champ libre (Rapport 112/86). Institute Franco-Allemend de Resherches de Saint-Louis, Saint-Louis, France.
70. Vassout, P., Mayorga, M.A., Argyros, G. and Topper, M. (1995) Biological effects of blast on sheep: Comparison of shock tube exposure to free field exposure. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on the Military Aspects of Blast and Shock, Las Cruses, New Mexico, pp. 1-10.
71. Wagner, R.B. and Jamieson, P.M. (1989) Pulmonary contusion. Evaluation and classification by computed tomography. Surg. Clin. North Am. 69, 31-40.
72. Wang, Z.G. (1979) Research on blast injury in China. Chuang. Shang. Tsa. Chih. 6, 222-228.
73. Waterworth, T.A. and Carr, M.J.T. (1975) Report on injuries sustained by patients treated at the Birmingham General Hospital following recent bomb explosions. Br. J. Surg. 2, 25-27.
74. White, C.S. and Richmond, D.R. (1959) Blast Biology (Technical Progress Report, TID-5764). Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC.
75. White, C.S., Bowen, I.G. and Richmond, D.R. (1970) The relation between eardrum failure and blast-induced pressure variations. Space Life Sci. 2, 158-205.
76. White, C.S., Jones, R.K., Damon, E.R. and Richmond, D.R. (1971) The Biodynamics of Airblast (Technical Report, DNA 2738-T). Department of Defense, Washington, DC.
77. Young, A.J., Hoyt, Jr., R.F., Jaeger, J.J. and Phillips, Y.Y. (1986) Short-duration airblast exposure does not increase pulmonary microvascular permeability. Milit. Med. 151, 139-143.