메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 330, Issue , 2014, Pages 171-182

Stand-scale tree mortality factors differ by site and species following drought in southwestern mixed conifer forests

Author keywords

Abies concolor; Drought; Pinus flexilis; Populus tremuloides; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tree death

Indexed keywords

DROUGHT;

EID: 84905435045     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.042     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 33745321305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree growth response to drought and temperature along an elevation gradient on a mountain landscape
    • Adams H.D., Kolb T.E. Tree growth response to drought and temperature along an elevation gradient on a mountain landscape. J. Biogeogr. 2005, 32:1629-1640.
    • (2005) J. Biogeogr. , vol.32 , pp. 1629-1640
    • Adams, H.D.1    Kolb, T.E.2
  • 3
    • 0032411248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation
    • Allen C., Breshears D. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:14839-14842.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 14839-14842
    • Allen, C.1    Breshears, D.2
  • 6
    • 84871354967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of widespread tree mortality attributed to recent climatic warming
    • Anderegg W.R.L., Kane J.M., Anderegg L.D.L. Consequences of widespread tree mortality attributed to recent climatic warming. Nat. Clim. Change 2013, 3:30-36.
    • (2013) Nat. Clim. Change , vol.3 , pp. 30-36
    • Anderegg, W.R.L.1    Kane, J.M.2    Anderegg, L.D.L.3
  • 7
    • 84874745789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dought's legacy: multiyear hydraulic deterioration underlies widespread aspen forest die-off and portends increased future risk
    • Anderegg W.R.L., Plavcova L., Anderegg L.D.L., Hacke U.G., Berry J.A., Field C.B. Dought's legacy: multiyear hydraulic deterioration underlies widespread aspen forest die-off and portends increased future risk. Global Change Biol. 2013, 19:1188-1196.
    • (2013) Global Change Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1188-1196
    • Anderegg, W.R.L.1    Plavcova, L.2    Anderegg, L.D.L.3    Hacke, U.G.4    Berry, J.A.5    Field, C.B.6
  • 8
    • 0000190767 scopus 로고
    • A simple pith locator for use with off-center increment cores
    • Applequist M.B. A simple pith locator for use with off-center increment cores. J. For. 1958, 56:141.
    • (1958) J. For. , vol.56 , pp. 141
    • Applequist, M.B.1
  • 9
    • 0001870582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of quaking aspen in the Interior West-Examples from Utah
    • Bartos D., Campbell R. Decline of quaking aspen in the Interior West-Examples from Utah. Rangelands 1998, 20:17-24.
    • (1998) Rangelands , vol.20 , pp. 17-24
    • Bartos, D.1    Campbell, R.2
  • 10
    • 0026399490 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent development of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulation of its phenology
    • Bentz B., Logan J., Amman G. Temperature-dependent development of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and simulation of its phenology. Can. Entomol. 1991, 123:1083-1094.
    • (1991) Can. Entomol. , vol.123 , pp. 1083-1094
    • Bentz, B.1    Logan, J.2    Amman, G.3
  • 11
    • 0001434089 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees
    • Biging G.S., Dobbertin M. A comparison of distance-dependent competition measures for height and basal area growth of individual conifer trees. For. Sci. 1992, 38:695-720.
    • (1992) For. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 695-720
    • Biging, G.S.1    Dobbertin, M.2
  • 12
    • 33646352267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought as an inciting mortality factor in Scots pine stands of the Valais, Switzerland
    • Bigler C., Bräker O.U., Bugmann H., Dobbertin M., Rigling A. Drought as an inciting mortality factor in Scots pine stands of the Valais, Switzerland. Ecosystems 2006, 9:330-343.
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 330-343
    • Bigler, C.1    Bräker, O.U.2    Bugmann, H.3    Dobbertin, M.4    Rigling, A.5
  • 13
    • 36549032918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought induces lagged tree mortality in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains
    • Bigler C., Gavin D., Gunning C., Veblen T.T. Drought induces lagged tree mortality in a subalpine forest in the Rocky Mountains. Oikos 2007, 116:1983-1994.
    • (2007) Oikos , vol.116 , pp. 1983-1994
    • Bigler, C.1    Gavin, D.2    Gunning, C.3    Veblen, T.T.4
  • 14
    • 27944478144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests
    • Bigler C., Kulakowski D., Veblen T.T. Multiple disturbance interactions and drought influence fire severity in Rocky Mountain subalpine forests. Ecology 2005, 86:3018-3029.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 3018-3029
    • Bigler, C.1    Kulakowski, D.2    Veblen, T.T.3
  • 16
    • 80052447587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term tree cover dynamics in a pinyon-juniper woodland: climate-change-type drought resets successional clock
    • Clifford M., Cobb N., Buenemann M. Long-term tree cover dynamics in a pinyon-juniper woodland: climate-change-type drought resets successional clock. Ecosystems 2011, 14:949-962.
    • (2011) Ecosystems , vol.14 , pp. 949-962
    • Clifford, M.1    Cobb, N.2    Buenemann, M.3
  • 17
    • 28444437020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest change on a steep mountain gradient after extended fire exclusion: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA
    • Cocke A., Fulé P., Crouse J. Forest change on a steep mountain gradient after extended fire exclusion: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA. J. Appl. Ecol. 2005, 42:814-823.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 814-823
    • Cocke, A.1    Fulé, P.2    Crouse, J.3
  • 18
    • 0001291485 scopus 로고
    • Changes in vegetation structure, and growth of southwestern white pine forests since white settlement
    • Cooper C.F. Changes in vegetation structure, and growth of southwestern white pine forests since white settlement. Ecol. Monogr. 1960, 30:129-164.
    • (1960) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.30 , pp. 129-164
    • Cooper, C.F.1
  • 20
    • 54549124603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial elements of mortality risk in old-growth forests
    • Das A., Battles J., van Mantgem P.J., Stephenson N.L. Spatial elements of mortality risk in old-growth forests. Ecology 2008, 89:1744-1756.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1744-1756
    • Das, A.1    Battles, J.2    van Mantgem, P.J.3    Stephenson, N.L.4
  • 21
    • 79951948183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests
    • Das A., Battles J., Stephenson N.L., van Mantgem P.J. The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 261:1203-1213.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.261 , pp. 1203-1213
    • Das, A.1    Battles, J.2    Stephenson, N.L.3    van Mantgem, P.J.4
  • 22
    • 77957369343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest thinning and subsequent bark beetle-caused mortality in Northeastern California
    • Egan J.M., Jacobi W.R., Negrón J.F., Smith S.L., Cluck D.R. Forest thinning and subsequent bark beetle-caused mortality in Northeastern California. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 260:1832-1842.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.260 , pp. 1832-1842
    • Egan, J.M.1    Jacobi, W.R.2    Negrón, J.F.3    Smith, S.L.4    Cluck, D.R.5
  • 24
    • 84905448377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of Arizona and New Mexico Forests. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, MR-R3-16-3.
    • Fairweather, M., McMillin, J., Rogers, T., Conklin, D., Fitzgibbon, B., 2006. Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of Arizona and New Mexico Forests. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwest Region, MR-R3-16-3.
    • (2006)
    • Fairweather, M.1    McMillin, J.2    Rogers, T.3    Conklin, D.4    Fitzgibbon, B.5
  • 25
    • 74549173910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2007, Aspen decline on the Coconino National Forest. In: McWilliams, M.G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 55th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, October 15-19, Sedona, AZ. Salem, OR: Oregon,
    • Fairweather, M., Geils, B., Manthei, M., 2008. Aspen decline on the Coconino National Forest. In: McWilliams, M.G. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 55th Western International Forest Disease Work Conference, 2007 October 15-19, Sedona, AZ. Salem, OR: Oregon, pp. 53-62.
    • (2008) , pp. 53-62
    • Fairweather, M.1    Geils, B.2    Manthei, M.3
  • 26
    • 0028180431 scopus 로고
    • Predicting susceptibility of white fir during a drought-associated outbreak of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis, in California
    • Ferrell G.T., Otrosina W.J., Demars C.J. Predicting susceptibility of white fir during a drought-associated outbreak of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis, in California. Can. J. For. Res. 1994, 24:302-305.
    • (1994) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 302-305
    • Ferrell, G.T.1    Otrosina, W.J.2    Demars, C.J.3
  • 27
    • 84896319232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resin duct characteristics associated with tree resistance to bark beetles across lodgepole and limber pines
    • Ferrenberg S., Kane J.M., Mitton J.B. Resin duct characteristics associated with tree resistance to bark beetles across lodgepole and limber pines. Oecologia 2014, 174:1283-1292.
    • (2014) Oecologia , vol.174 , pp. 1283-1292
    • Ferrenberg, S.1    Kane, J.M.2    Mitton, J.B.3
  • 28
    • 33845946992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States
    • Fettig C., Klepzig K., Billings R., Munson A., Nebeker T., Negrón J., Nowak J. The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the western and southern United States. For. Ecol. Manage. 2007, 238:24-53.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.238 , pp. 24-53
    • Fettig, C.1    Klepzig, K.2    Billings, R.3    Munson, A.4    Nebeker, T.5    Negrón, J.6    Nowak, J.7
  • 29
    • 68149136669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of stand characteristics to drought-induced mortality in three Southwestern pinyon-juniper woodlands
    • Floyd M., Clifford M., Cobb N., Hanna D., Delph R., Ford P., Turner D. Relationship of stand characteristics to drought-induced mortality in three Southwestern pinyon-juniper woodlands. Ecol. Appl. 2009, 19:1223-1230.
    • (2009) Ecol. Appl. , vol.19 , pp. 1223-1230
    • Floyd, M.1    Clifford, M.2    Cobb, N.3    Hanna, D.4    Delph, R.5    Ford, P.6    Turner, D.7
  • 30
    • 0001511750 scopus 로고
    • Tree death as an ecological process
    • Franklin J., Shugart H., Harmon M. Tree death as an ecological process. Bioscience 1987, 37:550-556.
    • (1987) Bioscience , vol.37 , pp. 550-556
    • Franklin, J.1    Shugart, H.2    Harmon, M.3
  • 32
    • 68949096606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest structure of mixed conifer forests, southwestern Colorado, USA
    • Fulé P.Z., Korb J.E., Wu R. Changes in forest structure of mixed conifer forests, southwestern Colorado, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 258:1200-1210.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.258 , pp. 1200-1210
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Korb, J.E.2    Wu, R.3
  • 33
    • 78149466276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree mortality in drought-stressed mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, Arizona, USA
    • Ganey J., Vojta S. Tree mortality in drought-stressed mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, Arizona, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 261:162-168.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.261 , pp. 162-168
    • Ganey, J.1    Vojta, S.2
  • 34
    • 33748946411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality gradients within and among dominant plant populations as barometers of ecosystem change during extreme drought
    • Gitlin A., Sthultz C., Bowker M., Stumpf S., Paxton K., Kennedy K., Munoz A., Bailey J., Whitham T. Mortality gradients within and among dominant plant populations as barometers of ecosystem change during extreme drought. Conserv. Biol. 2006, 20:1477-1486.
    • (2006) Conserv. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1477-1486
    • Gitlin, A.1    Sthultz, C.2    Bowker, M.3    Stumpf, S.4    Paxton, K.5    Kennedy, K.6    Munoz, A.7    Bailey, J.8    Whitham, T.9
  • 35
    • 0041947279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research report evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA
    • Grissino-Mayer H. Research report evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. Tree-Ring Res. 2001, 57:205-221.
    • (2001) Tree-Ring Res. , vol.57 , pp. 205-221
    • Grissino-Mayer, H.1
  • 36
    • 26444446929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought triggered tree mortality in mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park, California, USA
    • Guarín A., Taylor A. Drought triggered tree mortality in mixed conifer forests in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2005, 218:229-244.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.218 , pp. 229-244
    • Guarín, A.1    Taylor, A.2
  • 37
    • 84905448378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Number Crunching Statistical Software (NCSS), Kaysville, UT
    • Heintz, J.L., 2007. Number Crunching Statistical Software (NCSS), Kaysville, UT.
    • (2007)
    • Heintz, J.L.1
  • 38
    • 46749129435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of a regional drought on the productivity, dieback, and biomass of western Canadian aspen forests
    • Hogg E., Brandt J., Michaelian M. Impacts of a regional drought on the productivity, dieback, and biomass of western Canadian aspen forests. Can. J. For. Res. 2008, 38:1373-1384.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 1373-1384
    • Hogg, E.1    Brandt, J.2    Michaelian, M.3
  • 39
    • 84856043158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of dendrochronological year-of-death estimates using permanent sample plot data
    • Jones E.L., Daniels L.D. Assessment of dendrochronological year-of-death estimates using permanent sample plot data. Tree-Ring Res. 2012, 68:3-16.
    • (2012) Tree-Ring Res. , vol.68 , pp. 3-16
    • Jones, E.L.1    Daniels, L.D.2
  • 40
    • 84905448379 scopus 로고
    • Silviculture of Southwestern Mixed Conifers and Aspen: The Status of Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper RM-122.
    • Jones, J.R., 1974. Silviculture of Southwestern Mixed Conifers and Aspen: The Status of Our Knowledge. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper RM-122. 44pp.
    • (1974) , pp. 44
    • Jones, J.R.1
  • 41
    • 77958020601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack
    • Kane J.M., Kolb T.E. Importance of resin ducts in reducing ponderosa pine mortality from bark beetle attack. Oecologia 2010, 164:601-609.
    • (2010) Oecologia , vol.164 , pp. 601-609
    • Kane, J.M.1    Kolb, T.E.2
  • 42
    • 43149114722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality associated with a bark beetle outbreak in dwarf mistletoe-infested ponderosa pine stands in Arizona
    • Kenaley S., Mathiasen R., Harner E.J. Mortality associated with a bark beetle outbreak in dwarf mistletoe-infested ponderosa pine stands in Arizona. West. J. Appl. For. 2008, 23:113-120.
    • (2008) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.23 , pp. 113-120
    • Kenaley, S.1    Mathiasen, R.2    Harner, E.J.3
  • 43
    • 77954536443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in woody plant mortality and dieback from severe drought among soils, plant groups, and species in a northern Arizona ecotone
    • Koepke D.F., Kolb T.E., Adams H.D. Variation in woody plant mortality and dieback from severe drought among soils, plant groups, and species in a northern Arizona ecotone. Oecologia 2010, 163:1079-1090.
    • (2010) Oecologia , vol.163 , pp. 1079-1090
    • Koepke, D.F.1    Kolb, T.E.2    Adams, H.D.3
  • 44
    • 84856442549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest restoration in a surface fire-dependent ecosystem: an example from a mixed conifer forest, southwestern Colorado, USA
    • Korb J.E., Fule P.Z., Stoddard M.T. Forest restoration in a surface fire-dependent ecosystem: an example from a mixed conifer forest, southwestern Colorado, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 269:10-18.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.269 , pp. 10-18
    • Korb, J.E.1    Fule, P.Z.2    Stoddard, M.T.3
  • 45
    • 6344256861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Grand Mesa Area, Colorado
    • Kulakowski D., Veblen T., Drinkwater S. The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Grand Mesa Area, Colorado. Ecol. Appl. 2004, 14:1603-1614.
    • (2004) Ecol. Appl. , vol.14 , pp. 1603-1614
    • Kulakowski, D.1    Veblen, T.2    Drinkwater, S.3
  • 46
    • 84864118862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) mortality and response to water addition across a three million year substrate age gradient in northern Arizona, USA
    • Looney C., Sullivan B., Kolb T., Kane J., Hart S. Pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) mortality and response to water addition across a three million year substrate age gradient in northern Arizona, USA. Plant Soil 2012, 357:89-102.
    • (2012) Plant Soil , vol.357 , pp. 89-102
    • Looney, C.1    Sullivan, B.2    Kolb, T.3    Kane, J.4    Hart, S.5
  • 47
    • 85040896696 scopus 로고
    • Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 416p
    • Manion P.D. Tree Disease Concepts 1991, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 416p.
    • (1991) Tree Disease Concepts
    • Manion, P.D.1
  • 48
    • 0001381759 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dwarf mistletoe on growth and mortality of Douglas-fir in the southwest
    • Mathiasen R.L., Hawksworth F.G., Edminster C.B. Effects of dwarf mistletoe on growth and mortality of Douglas-fir in the southwest. West. North Am. Nat. 1990, 50:173-179.
    • (1990) West. North Am. Nat. , vol.50 , pp. 173-179
    • Mathiasen, R.L.1    Hawksworth, F.G.2    Edminster, C.B.3
  • 49
    • 0036669470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equations for potential annual direct incident radiation and heat load
    • McCune B., Keon D. Equations for potential annual direct incident radiation and heat load. J. Veg. Sci. 2002, 13:603-606.
    • (2002) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 603-606
    • McCune, B.1    Keon, D.2
  • 50
    • 73649083060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, carbon-isotope discrimination, and drought-associated mortality across a Pinus ponderosa elevational gradient
    • McDowell N.G., Allen C.D., Marshall L. Growth, carbon-isotope discrimination, and drought-associated mortality across a Pinus ponderosa elevational gradient. Global Change Biol. 2010, 16:399-415.
    • (2010) Global Change Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 399-415
    • McDowell, N.G.1    Allen, C.D.2    Marshall, L.3
  • 52
    • 0347530271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infestation on forest overstory and understory conditions in western Wyoming
    • McMillin J.D., Allen K.K. Effects of Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infestation on forest overstory and understory conditions in western Wyoming. West. N. Am. Nat. 2003, 63:498-506.
    • (2003) West. N. Am. Nat. , vol.63 , pp. 498-506
    • McMillin, J.D.1    Allen, K.K.2
  • 53
    • 33645064751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential tree mortality in response to severe drought: evidence for long-term vegetation shifts
    • Mueller R., Scudder C., Porter M., Trotter R., Gehring C., Whitham T. Differential tree mortality in response to severe drought: evidence for long-term vegetation shifts. J. Ecol. 2005, 93:1085-1093.
    • (2005) J. Ecol. , vol.93 , pp. 1085-1093
    • Mueller, R.1    Scudder, C.2    Porter, M.3    Trotter, R.4    Gehring, C.5    Whitham, T.6
  • 54
    • 0032541304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability of infestation and extent of mortality associated with the Douglas-fir beetle in the Colorado Front Range
    • Negrón J.F. Probability of infestation and extent of mortality associated with the Douglas-fir beetle in the Colorado Front Range. For. Ecol. Manage. 1998, 107:71-85.
    • (1998) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.107 , pp. 71-85
    • Negrón, J.F.1
  • 55
    • 0034752946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-stand spatial distribution of tree mortality caused by the Douglas-fir beetle
    • Negrón J.F., Anhold J.A., Munson A.S. Within-stand spatial distribution of tree mortality caused by the Douglas-fir beetle. Environ. Entomol. 2001, 30:215-224.
    • (2001) Environ. Entomol. , vol.30 , pp. 215-224
    • Negrón, J.F.1    Anhold, J.A.2    Munson, A.S.3
  • 56
    • 58649113844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark beetle-caused mortality in a drought-affected ponderosa pine landscape in Arizona, USA
    • Negrón J., McMillin J., Anhold J., Coulson D. Bark beetle-caused mortality in a drought-affected ponderosa pine landscape in Arizona, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 257:1353-1362.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.257 , pp. 1353-1362
    • Negrón, J.1    McMillin, J.2    Anhold, J.3    Coulson, D.4
  • 57
    • 0033748025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-ring variation in pinyon predicts likelihood of death following severe drought
    • Ogle K., Whitham T.G., Cobb N.S. Tree-ring variation in pinyon predicts likelihood of death following severe drought. Ecology 2000, 81:3237-3243.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 3237-3243
    • Ogle, K.1    Whitham, T.G.2    Cobb, N.S.3
  • 60
  • 61
    • 45849137124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions
    • Raffa K., Aukema B., Bentz B., Carroll A., Hicke J., Turner M., Romme W. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 2008, 58:501-517.
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 501-517
    • Raffa, K.1    Aukema, B.2    Bentz, B.3    Carroll, A.4    Hicke, J.5    Turner, M.6    Romme, W.7
  • 62
    • 33845654859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States
    • Rehfeldt G., Crookston N., Warwell M., Evans J. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States. Int. J. Plant Sci. 2006, 167:1123-1150.
    • (2006) Int. J. Plant Sci. , vol.167 , pp. 1123-1150
    • Rehfeldt, G.1    Crookston, N.2    Warwell, M.3    Evans, J.4
  • 64
    • 77954576569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved
    • Sala A., Piper F., Hoch G. Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree mortality are far from being resolved. New Phytol. 2010, 186:274-281.
    • (2010) New Phytol. , vol.186 , pp. 274-281
    • Sala, A.1    Piper, F.2    Hoch, G.3
  • 65
    • 77951917201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of Ips confusus outbreaks during a record drought in Southwestern USA: implications for monitoring and management
    • Santos M.J., Whitham T.G. Predictors of Ips confusus outbreaks during a record drought in Southwestern USA: implications for monitoring and management. Environ. Manage. 2010, 45:239-249.
    • (2010) Environ. Manage. , vol.45 , pp. 239-249
    • Santos, M.J.1    Whitham, T.G.2
  • 67
    • 77956414265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse warming and the 21st century hydroclimate of southwestern North America
    • Seager R., Vecchi G. Greenhouse warming and the 21st century hydroclimate of southwestern North America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107:21277-21282.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , pp. 21277-21282
    • Seager, R.1    Vecchi, G.2
  • 68
  • 69
    • 45449118939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate age and tree islands influence carbon and nitrogen dynamics across a retrogressive semiarid chronosequence
    • Selmants P., Hart S. Substrate age and tree islands influence carbon and nitrogen dynamics across a retrogressive semiarid chronosequence. Global Biogeochem. Cycl. 2008, 22:1-13.
    • (2008) Global Biogeochem. Cycl. , vol.22 , pp. 1-13
    • Selmants, P.1    Hart, S.2
  • 70
    • 77949298821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus and soil development: does the Walker and Syers model apply to semiarid ecosystems?
    • Selmants P., Hart S. Phosphorus and soil development: does the Walker and Syers model apply to semiarid ecosystems?. Ecology 2010, 91:474-484.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 474-484
    • Selmants, P.1    Hart, S.2
  • 71
    • 79951784023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing population dynamics of yellow-cedar in declining stands: baseline information from tree rings
    • Stan A.B., Maertens T.B., Daniels L.D., Zeglen S. Reconstructing population dynamics of yellow-cedar in declining stands: baseline information from tree rings. Tree-Ring Res. 2011, 67:13-25.
    • (2011) Tree-Ring Res. , vol.67 , pp. 13-25
    • Stan, A.B.1    Maertens, T.B.2    Daniels, L.D.3    Zeglen, S.4
  • 74
    • 0022554434 scopus 로고
    • Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona
    • Tanaka K., Shoemaker E., Ulrich G., Wolfe E. Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1986, 97:129-141.
    • (1986) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.97 , pp. 129-141
    • Tanaka, K.1    Shoemaker, E.2    Ulrich, G.3    Wolfe, E.4
  • 75
    • 0344874949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An alternative to the 6-class dwarf-mistletoe rating system
    • Tinnin R.O. An alternative to the 6-class dwarf-mistletoe rating system. West. J. Appl. For. 1998, 13:64-65.
    • (1998) West. J. Appl. For. , vol.13 , pp. 64-65
    • Tinnin, R.O.1
  • 76
    • 84905448380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Southwestern Region, 2006. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region. Forestry and Forest Health, PR-R3-16-2.
    • USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), 2007. Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the Southwestern Region, 2006. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region. Forestry and Forest Health, PR-R3-16-2.
    • (2007)
  • 77
    • 34548525150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest
    • van Mantgem P.J., Stephenson N.L. Apparent climatically induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest. Ecol. Lett. 2007, 9:909-916.
    • (2007) Ecol. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 909-916
    • van Mantgem, P.J.1    Stephenson, N.L.2
  • 79
    • 33748763291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated model for snag and downed woody debris decay class transitions
    • Vanderwel M.C., Malcolm J.R., Smith S.M. An integrated model for snag and downed woody debris decay class transitions. For. Ecol. Manage. 2006, 234:48-59.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.234 , pp. 48-59
    • Vanderwel, M.C.1    Malcolm, J.R.2    Smith, S.M.3
  • 80
    • 78651261183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-1935 changes in forest vegetation of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA: Part 2-Mixed conifer, spruce-fir, and quaking aspen forests
    • Vankat J. Post-1935 changes in forest vegetation of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA: Part 2-Mixed conifer, spruce-fir, and quaking aspen forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 261:326-341.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.261 , pp. 326-341
    • Vankat, J.1
  • 81
    • 43049175047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management treatments, tree resistance, and bark beetle resource utilization in ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona
    • Wallin K.F., Kolb T.E., Skov K.R., Wagner M.R. Forest management treatments, tree resistance, and bark beetle resource utilization in ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 255:3263-3269.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.255 , pp. 3263-3269
    • Wallin, K.F.1    Kolb, T.E.2    Skov, K.R.3    Wagner, M.R.4
  • 82
    • 77649316417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing pronounced droughts in the southwestern United States: seasonality and effects of warmer temperatures
    • Weiss J.L., Castro C.L., Overpeck J.T. Distinguishing pronounced droughts in the southwestern United States: seasonality and effects of warmer temperatures. J. Clim. 2009, 22:5918-5932.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 5918-5932
    • Weiss, J.L.1    Castro, C.L.2    Overpeck, J.T.3
  • 83
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity
    • Westerling A.L., Hidalgo H.G., Cayan D.R., Swetnam T.W. Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science 2006, 313:940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 89
    • 84904035537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality: the essence of a healthy forest
    • Cambridge University Press, J.D. Castello, S.A. Teale (Eds.)
    • Zhang L., Rubin B.D., Manion P.D. Mortality: the essence of a healthy forest. Forest Health: An Integrated Perspective 2011, Cambridge University Press. J.D. Castello, S.A. Teale (Eds.).
    • (2011) Forest Health: An Integrated Perspective
    • Zhang, L.1    Rubin, B.D.2    Manion, P.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.