Forest thinning and subsequent bark beetle-caused mortality in Northeastern California

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 260, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1832-1842

  Egan, Joel M ^a   Jacobi, William R ^b   Negron, Jose F ^c   Smith, Sheri L ^a   Cluck, Daniel R ^a  

^a USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

^b Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^c ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Abies concolor; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Density management; Pinus ponderosa; Scolytus ventralis; Thinning

Indexed keywords

ABIES CONCOLOR; DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE; DENSITY MANAGEMENT; PINUS PONDEROSA; SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS; THINNING;

SOFTWOODS; VALUE ENGINEERING; WETLANDS;

FORESTRY;

BEETLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DROUGHT; FIELDWORK; MIXED FOREST; MORTALITY; PLANTATION; SALT WATER; SALVAGING; SILVICULTURE; THINNING; VIGOR;

ABIES CONCOLOR; CALIFORNIA; DENSITY MEASUREMENT; FORESTRY; MORTALITY; PINUS PONDEROSA; SOFTWOODS; THINNING; WETLANDS;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES; WARNER MOUNTAINS;

ABIES; ABIES CONCOLOR; ABIES GRANDIS; COLEOPTERA; CONIFEROPHYTA; CURCULIONIDAE; DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE; PINUS JEFFREYI; PINUS MUGO; PINUS PONDEROSA; SCOLYTINAE; SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS;

EID: 77957369343     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.030     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Amman G.D., Baker B.H. Mountain pine beetle influence on lodgepole pine stand structure. J. Forest. 1972, 70:204-209.
2. Amman G.D., Logan J.A. Silvicultural control of mountain pine beetle: prescriptions and the influence of microclimate. Am. Entomol. 1998, 44:166-177.
3. Bartos D.L., Amman G.D. Microclimate-An Alternative to Tree Vigor as a Basis for Mountain Pine-Beetle Infestations. RP-INT-400 1989, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, 10 pp.
4. Bentz B.J., Logan J.A., Vandygriff J.C. Latitudinal variation in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) development time and adult size. Can. Entomol. 2001, 133:375-387.
5. California Forest Pest Council (CFPC) Forest Pest Conditions in California Annual Reports 2001-2007 2001-2007, California Forest Pest Council, Sacramento, CA.
6. Cochran P.H. Examples of Mortality and Reduced Annual Increments of White Fir Induced by Drought, Insects, and Disease at Different Stand Densities. RN-PNW-525 1998, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 19 pp.
7. Cochran P.H., Barrett J.W. Thirty-five-year Growth of Thinned and Unthinned Ponderosa Pine in the Methow Valley of Northern Washington. RP-PNW-502 1998, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 24 pp.
8. Cole D.M., McGregor M.D. Stand Culture/Bark Beetle Relationships of Immature Tree Stands in the Inland Mountain West. GTR-INT-243 1988, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, 7 pp.
9. Eaton C.B. Influence of the mountain pine beetle on the composition of mixed pole stands of ponderosa pine and white fir. J. Forest. 1941, 39:710-713.
10. Ferrell G.T. Stand and Tree Characteristics Influencing Density of Fir Engraver Beetle Attack Scars in White Fir. RP-PSW-97 1973, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, CA, 8 pp.
11. Ferrell G.T. Fir Engraver. Forest Insect & Disease Leaflet, vol. 13 1986, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC, 8 pp.
12. Ferrell G.T., Otrosina W.J., DeMars C.J. Assessing the susceptibility of white fir to the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis Lec. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), using fungal inoculation. Can. Entomol. 1993, 125:895-901.
13. Ferrell G.T., Otrosina W.J., DeMars C.J. Predicting susceptibility of white fir during a drought-associated outbreak of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis, in California. Can. J. For. Res. 1994, 24:302-305.
14. Fettig C.J., Klepzig K.D., Billings R.F., Munson A.S., Nebeker T.E., Negron J.F., et al. The effectiveness of vegetation management practices for prevention and control of bark beetle infestations in coniferous forests of the Western and Southern United States. For. Ecol. Manage. 2007, 238:24-53.
15. Fiddler G.O., Hart D.R., Fiddler T.A., McDonald P.M. Thinning Decreases Mortality and Increases Growth of Ponderosa Pine in Northeastern California. RP-PSW-194 1989, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Berkeley, CA, 7 pp.
16. Furniss R.L., Carolin V.M. Western Forest Insects 1977, U.S.D.A. Forest Service Misc. Publ. 1339, 654 pp.
17. Goheen E.M., Willhite E.A. Field Guide to Common Diseases and Insect Pests of Oregon and Washington Conifers. R6-NR-FID-PR-01-06 2006, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, 327 pp.
18. Hall R.C., Davies G.R. Mountain Pine Beetle Epidemic at Joseph Creek Basin Modoc National Forest 1968, Division of Timber Management, USDA Forest Service, San Francisco, CA, 22pp.
19. Hollander M., Wolfe D.A. Nonparametric Statistical Methods. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics 1973, Wiley, New York.
20. Jenkins M.J., Hebertson E., Page W., Jorgensen C.A. Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:16-34.
21. Keen F.P. How soon do yellow pine snags fall?. J. Forest. 1929, 27:735-737.
22. Klutsch J.G., Negron J.F., Costello S.L., Rhoades C.C., West D.R., Popp J., et al. Stand characteristics and downed woody debris accumulations associated with a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in Colorado. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 258:641-649.
23. Kolb T.E., Holmberg K.M., Wagner M.R., Stone J.E. Regulation of ponderosa pine foliar physiology and insect resistance mechanisms by basal area treatments. Tree Physiol. 1998, 18:375-381.
24. Larsson S., Oren R., Waring R.H., Barrett J.W. Attacks of mountain pine beetle as related to tree vigor of ponderosa pine. For. Sci. 1983, 29:395-402.
25. Lewinsohn E., Gijzen M., Muzika R.M., Barton K., Croteau R. Oleoresinosis in grand fir (Abies grandis) saplings and mature trees. Modulation of this wound response by light and water stresses. Plant Physiol. 1993, 101:1021-1028.
26. Littell R.C., Milliken G.A., Stroup W.W., Wolfinger R.D. Sas System for Mixed Models 1996, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 633 p.
27. Livingston R.L., Beckman D., Weadick M. Fir engraver-Grand Fir Thinning Impact Study, Clearwater Supervisory Area. Report 79-2 1979, Idaho Department of Lands, Forest Insect and Disease Control, Coeur d'Alene, ID, 13 pp.
28. Long J.N., Daniel T.W. Assessment of growing stock in uneven-aged stands. West. J. Appl. For. 1990, 5:93-96.
29. Lundquist J.E., Negron J.F. Endemic forest disturbances and stand structure of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Upper Pine Creek Research Natural Area, South Dakota, USA. Natural Areas J. 2000, 20:126-132.
30. Macias-Samano J.E., Borden J.H., Gries R., Pierce H.D., Gries G., King G.G.S. Primary attraction of the fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis. J. Chem. Ecol. 1998, 24:1049-1075.
31. Martin K., Norris A., Drever M. Effects of bark beetle outbreaks on avian biodiversity in the British Columbia Interior: implications for critical habitat management. BC. J. Ecosyst. Manage. 2006, 7:10-24.
32. McGregor M.D., Amman G.D., Schmitz R.F., Oakes R.D. Partial cutting of lodgepole pine to reduce losses to the mountain pine beetle. Can. J. For. Res. 1987, 17:1234-1239.
33. McMillin J.D., Allen K.K., Long D.F., Harris J.L., Negron J.F. Effects of western balsam bark beetle on spruce-fir forests of North-Central Wyoming. West. J. Appl. For. 2003, 18:259-266.
34. Miller J.M., Keen F.P. Biology and Control of the Western Pine Beetle: A Summary of the First Fifty Years of Research. Miscellaneous Publication 800 1960, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC, 381 pp.
35. Moore J.A., Schenk J.A., Hatch C.R. Validation and refinement of a hazard rating model for fir engraver-caused mortality in grand fir stands. For. Sci. 1978, 2:309-312.
36. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 2010. Available from: (accessed 01.03.10). http://www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/data/historic.
37. Negron J.F., Popp J.B. Probability of ponderosa pine infestation by mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range. For. Ecol. Manage. 2004, 191:17-27.
38. Negron J.F., Allen K., Cook B., Withrow J.R. Susceptibility of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa (Dougl. Ex Laws.), to mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attack in uneven-aged stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 2008, 254:327-334.
39. Oliver C.D., Larson B.C. Forest Stand Dynamics 1990, McGraw-Hill Inc.
40. Oliver W.W. Ten-year growth response of a California red and white fir sawtimber stand to several thinning intensities. West. J. Appl. For. 1988, 3:41-43.
41. Oliver W.W., Uzoh F.C.C. Maximum stand densities for ponderosa pine and red and white fir in Northern California. Forest Vegetation Management Conference. Proceedings of the Annual Forest Vegetation Management Conference Symposium Proceedings 1997, 57-65.
42. Olsen W.K., Schmid J.M., Mata S.A. Stand characteristics associated with mountain pine beetle infestations in ponderosa pine. For. Sci. 1996, 42:310-327.
43. Peace R.W. Modoc County: A Geographic Time Continuum on the California Volcanic Tableland 1965, vol. 17. University of California Publications in Geography, pp. 30-37.
44. Reineke L.H. Perfecting a stand-density index for even-age forests. J. Agric. Res. 1933, 46:627-638.
45. Sartwell C. Thinning ponderosa pine to prevent outbreaks of mountain pine beetle. Proceedings of the Precommercial Thinning of Coastal and Intermountain Forests in the Pacific Northwest, February, Pullman, WA. Coop. Ext. Serv., Dep. For. Range Manage. 1971, 41-52. Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 109 pp. D.M. Baumgartner (Ed.).
46. Sartwell C., Stevens R.E. Mountain pine beetle in ponderosa pine-prospects for silvicultural control in second-growth stands. J. Forest. 1975, 73:136-140.
47. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT 9.1 User's Guide 2004, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
48. Schmid J.M., Mata S.A. Mountain Pine Beetle-caused Tree Mortality in Partially Cut Plots Surrounded By Unmanaged Stands. RP-RM-54 2005, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 11 pp.
49. Schmid J.M., Mata S.A., Obedzinski R.A. Hazard Rating Ponderosa Pine Stands for Mountain Pine Beetles in the Black Hills. RN-RM-529 1994, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 4 pp.
50. Schmid J.M., Mata S.A., Olsen W.K. Microclimate and Mountain Pine Beetles in Two Ponderosa Pine Stands in the Black Hills. RN-RM-532 1995, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, 12 pp.
51. Smith S. Ecological Guide to Eastside Pine Plant Associations; Northeastern California: Modoc, Lassen, Klamath, Shasta-Trinity, Plumas and Tahoe National Forests. R5-ECOL-TP-004 1994, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Berkeley, CA, 174 pp.
52. Sturgeon K.B., Mitton J.B. Biochemical diversity of ponderosa pine and predation by bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 1986, 79:1064-1068.
53. Thistle H.W., Peterson H., Allwine G., Lamb B., Strand T., Holsten E.H., et al. Surrogate pheromone plumes in three forest trunk spaces: composite statistics and case studies. For. Sci. 2004, 50:610-625.
54. Thomas J.W. Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests. Agriculture Handbook 553 1979, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 512 pp.
55. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 2003 2004, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Washington, DC, 142 pp.
56. Vale T.R. Forest changes in the Warner Mountains, California. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 1977, 67:28-45.
57. Vasek F.C. Jeffrey pine and vegetation of the Southern Modoc National Forest. Madrono 1978, 25:9-30.
58. Zausen G.L., Kolb T.E., Bailey J.D., Wagner M.R. Long-term impacts of stand management on ponderosa pine physiology and bark beetle abundance in Northern Arizona: a replicated landscape study. For. Ecol. Manage. 2005, 218:291-305.