메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 261, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 326-341

Post-1935 changes in forest vegetation of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA: Part 2-Mixed conifer, spruce-fir, and quaking aspen forests

Author keywords

Forest change; Mixed conifer forest; Quaking aspen forest; Southwest; Spruce fir forest

Indexed keywords

FOREST CHANGE; MIXED-CONIFER FORESTS; QUAKING ASPEN FOREST; SOUTHWEST; SPRUCE-FIR;

EID: 78651261183     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (40)
  • 1
    • 78651255027 scopus 로고
    • Wagon road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River. 35th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Executive Document 124, Washington, DC.
    • Beale, E.F., 1858. Wagon road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado River. 35th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Executive Document 124, Washington, DC.
    • (1858)
    • Beale, E.F.1
  • 2
    • 33645334954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab deer herd?
    • Binkley D., Moore M.M., Romme W.H., Brown P.M. Was Aldo Leopold right about the Kaibab deer herd?. Ecosystems 2006, 9:227-241.
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 227-241
    • Binkley, D.1    Moore, M.M.2    Romme, W.H.3    Brown, P.M.4
  • 3
    • 28444437020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest change on a steep mountain gradient after extended fire exclusion: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA
    • Cocke A.E., Fulé P.Z., Crouse J.E. Forest change on a steep mountain gradient after extended fire exclusion: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 2005, 42:814-823.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 814-823
    • Cocke, A.E.1    Fulé, P.Z.2    Crouse, J.E.3
  • 5
    • 0026266398 scopus 로고
    • A 1000-year record of winter precipitation from northwestern New Mexico, USA: a reconstruction from tree-rings and its relation to El Niño and the Southern Oscillation
    • D'Arrigo R.D., Jacoby G.C. A 1000-year record of winter precipitation from northwestern New Mexico, USA: a reconstruction from tree-rings and its relation to El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. The Holocene 1991, 1:95-101.
    • (1991) The Holocene , vol.1 , pp. 95-101
    • D'Arrigo, R.D.1    Jacoby, G.C.2
  • 6
    • 0032172365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of thinning and burning restoration treatments on presettlement ponderosa pines at the Gus Pearson Natural Area
    • Feeney S.R., Kolb T.E., Covington W.W., Wagner M.R. Influence of thinning and burning restoration treatments on presettlement ponderosa pines at the Gus Pearson Natural Area. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1998, 28:1295-1306.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.28 , pp. 1295-1306
    • Feeney, S.R.1    Kolb, T.E.2    Covington, W.W.3    Wagner, M.R.4
  • 10
    • 68949096606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest structure of a mixed conifer forest, Southwestern Colorado, USA
    • Fulé P.Z., Korb J.E., Wu R. Changes in forest structure of a mixed conifer forest, Southwestern Colorado, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 2009, 258:1200-1210.
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.258 , pp. 1200-1210
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Korb, J.E.2    Wu, R.3
  • 11
    • 33845976658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland fire effects on forest structure over an altitudinal gradient, Grand Canyon National Park, USA
    • Fulé P.Z., Laughlin D.C. Wildland fire effects on forest structure over an altitudinal gradient, Grand Canyon National Park, USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 2007, 44:136-146.
    • (2007) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 136-146
    • Fulé, P.Z.1    Laughlin, D.C.2
  • 13
    • 27544445686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and stand structure of two ponderosa pine-mixed conifer sites: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA
    • Heinlein T.A., Moore M.M., Fulé P.Z., Covington W.W. Fire history and stand structure of two ponderosa pine-mixed conifer sites: San Francisco Peaks, Arizona, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 2005, 14:307-320.
    • (2005) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.14 , pp. 307-320
    • Heinlein, T.A.1    Moore, M.M.2    Fulé, P.Z.3    Covington, W.W.4
  • 16
    • 78651256605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated Taxonomic Information System, 2009. (accessed 10-17-09)
    • Integrated Taxonomic Information System, 2009. (accessed 10-17-09). http://www.itis.gov/.
    • (2009)
  • 17
    • 4344699719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prescribed burning on mortality of presettlement ponderosa pines in Grand Canyon National Park
    • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-22, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah, R.K. Vance, C.B. Edminster, W.W. Covington, J.A. Blake (Eds.)
    • Kaufman G.A., Covington W.W. Effect of prescribed burning on mortality of presettlement ponderosa pines in Grand Canyon National Park. Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems Restoration and Conservation: Steps toward Stewardship. 2001, 36-42. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-22, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah. R.K. Vance, C.B. Edminster, W.W. Covington, J.A. Blake (Eds.).
    • (2001) Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems Restoration and Conservation: Steps toward Stewardship. , pp. 36-42
    • Kaufman, G.A.1    Covington, W.W.2
  • 18
    • 78651257220 scopus 로고
    • Reconnaissance of the Kaibab National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, unpublished report. Available from
    • Lang, D.K., Stewart, S.S., 1910. Reconnaissance of the Kaibab National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, unpublished report. Available from http://www.nau.edu/library/speccoll/manuscript/kaibab_recon/.
    • (1910)
    • Lang, D.K.1    Stewart, S.S.2
  • 19
    • 78651255240 scopus 로고
    • Integrated forest management guide, western spruce budworm in the Southwest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region Forest Pest Management Report R3-86-7, Albuquerque, New Mexico
    • Linnane, J.P., 1986. Integrated forest management guide, western spruce budworm in the Southwest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southwestern Region Forest Pest Management Report R3-86-7, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
    • (1986)
    • Linnane, J.P.1
  • 20
    • 78651252381 scopus 로고
    • Old-growth mixed-conifer and western spruce budworm in the southern Rocky Mountains. In: Kauffman, M.R., Moir, W.H., Bassett, R.L. (Eds.), Old growth forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain regions, Proceedings of a Workshop, Portal, AZ. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report RM-213, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, March 9-13
    • Lynch, A.M., Swetnam, T.W., 1992. Old-growth mixed-conifer and western spruce budworm in the southern Rocky Mountains. In: Kauffman, M.R., Moir, W.H., Bassett, R.L. (Eds.), Old growth forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain regions, Proceedings of a Workshop, Portal, AZ. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report RM-213, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, March 9-13, 1992, pp. 66-80.
    • (1992) , pp. 66-80
    • Lynch, A.M.1    Swetnam, T.W.2
  • 21
    • 1842430909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecotonal changes and altered tree spatial patterns in lower mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA
    • Mast J.N., Wolf J.J. Ecotonal changes and altered tree spatial patterns in lower mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 2004, 19:167-180.
    • (2004) Landscape Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 167-180
    • Mast, J.N.1    Wolf, J.J.2
  • 22
    • 33751244237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patch patterns and altered forest structure in middle elevation versus upper ecotonal mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA
    • Mast J.N., Wolf J.J. Spatial patch patterns and altered forest structure in middle elevation versus upper ecotonal mixed-conifer forests, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 2006, 236:241-250.
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.236 , pp. 241-250
    • Mast, J.N.1    Wolf, J.J.2
  • 23
    • 78651261840 scopus 로고
    • An Ecological Description of the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Master's thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
    • Mead, P., 1930. An Ecological Description of the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Master's thesis, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
    • (1930)
    • Mead, P.1
  • 24
    • 0008512727 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the spruce-fir community on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona
    • Merkle J. An analysis of the spruce-fir community on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Ecology 1954, 35:316-322.
    • (1954) Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 316-322
    • Merkle, J.1
  • 25
    • 0001220640 scopus 로고
    • Plant communities of the Grand Canyon area, Arizona
    • Merkle J. Plant communities of the Grand Canyon area, Arizona. Ecology 1962, 43:698-710.
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 698-710
    • Merkle, J.1
  • 26
    • 78651262226 scopus 로고
    • Wildlife-livestock-fire interactions on the North Kaibab: a historical review. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report RM-222, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado
    • Mitchell, J., Freeman, D., 1993. Wildlife-livestock-fire interactions on the North Kaibab: a historical review. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report RM-222, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.
    • (1993)
    • Mitchell, J.1    Freeman, D.2
  • 28
    • 78651237460 scopus 로고
    • Management of Ponderosa Pine in the Southwest as Developed by Research and Experimental Practice. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Agriculture Monograph No. 6, Washington, DC
    • Pearson, G.A., 1950. Management of Ponderosa Pine in the Southwest as Developed by Research and Experimental Practice. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Agriculture Monograph No. 6, Washington, DC.
    • (1950)
    • Pearson, G.A.1
  • 29
    • 0000316502 scopus 로고
    • Biotic communities of Kaibab Plateau, Arizona
    • Rasmussen D.I. Biotic communities of Kaibab Plateau, Arizona. Ecological Monographs 1941, 11:229-275.
    • (1941) Ecological Monographs , vol.11 , pp. 229-275
    • Rasmussen, D.I.1
  • 31
    • 0032758075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of restoration thinning on presettlement Pinus ponderosa in northern Arizona
    • Stone J.E., Kolb T.E., Covington W.W. Effects of restoration thinning on presettlement Pinus ponderosa in northern Arizona. Restoration Ecology 1999, 7:172-182.
    • (1999) Restoration Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 172-182
    • Stone, J.E.1    Kolb, T.E.2    Covington, W.W.3
  • 32
    • 0032427248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest
    • Swetnam T.W., Betancourt J.L. Mesoscale disturbance and ecological response to decadal climatic variability in the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 1998, 11:3128-3147.
    • (1998) Journal of Climate , vol.11 , pp. 3128-3147
    • Swetnam, T.W.1    Betancourt, J.L.2
  • 33
    • 78651262549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-1935 changes in forest vegetation of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA: part 1 - ponderosa pine forest
    • Vankat J.L. Post-1935 changes in forest vegetation of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA: part 1 - ponderosa pine forest. Forest Ecology and Management 2011, 261:309-325.
    • (2011) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.261 , pp. 309-325
    • Vankat, J.L.1
  • 34
    • 78651259711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest changes in Grand Canyon National Park and implications for management. Report to U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizonas
    • Vankat, J.L., 2010. Forest changes in Grand Canyon National Park and implications for management. Report to U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
    • (2010)
    • Vankat, J.L.1
  • 35
    • 78651238055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocols for relocating and resampling 1935 plots for producing a new vegetation map of GRCA. Unpublished report, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona
    • Vankat, J., Crocker-Bedford, C., 2005. Protocols for relocating and resampling 1935 plots for producing a new vegetation map of GRCA. Unpublished report, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona.
    • (2005)
    • Vankat, J.1    Crocker-Bedford, C.2
  • 37
    • 78651250359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protocols for relocating and resampling 1984 plots. Unpublished report, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona
    • Vankat, J., White, M., Crocker-Bedford, C., 2007. Protocols for relocating and resampling 1984 plots. Unpublished report, Grand Canyon National Park, Grand Canyon, Arizona.
    • (2007)
    • Vankat, J.1    White, M.2    Crocker-Bedford, C.3
  • 38
    • 78651248792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Regional Climate Center, 2010. Climate summaries. (accessed 2-4-2010)
    • Western Regional Climate Center, 2010. Climate summaries. (accessed 2-4-2010). http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?az1001.
    • (2010)
  • 39
    • 78651247161 scopus 로고
    • Coniferous forest communities of Thompson Canyon watershed, North Rim region, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Master's thesis, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
    • White, M.A., 1989. Coniferous forest communities of Thompson Canyon watershed, North Rim region, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. Master's thesis, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
    • (1989)
    • White, M.A.1
  • 40
    • 0027333248 scopus 로고
    • Middle and high elevation coniferous forest communities of the North Rim region of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA
    • White M.A., Vankat J.L. Middle and high elevation coniferous forest communities of the North Rim region of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA. Vegetatio 1993, 109:161-174.
    • (1993) Vegetatio , vol.109 , pp. 161-174
    • White, M.A.1    Vankat, J.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.