Predictors of depression, stress, and anxiety among non-tenure track faculty

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 5, Issue JUL, 2014, Pages

  Reevy, Gretchen M ^a   Deason, Grace ^b  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN LA CROSSE   (United States)

Author keywords

Contingent faculty; Depression; Organizational commitment; Stress; Temporary workers

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904859655     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00701     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aldwin, C. (2011). "Stress and coping across the lifespan," in The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping, ed S. Folkman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 15-34.
2. Allen, N. J., and Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. J. Occup. Psychol. 63, 1-18. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
3. Allman, E., Berry, D., and Nasir, L. (2009). Depression and coping in heart failure patients: a review of the literature. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 24, 106-117. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0b013e318197a985
4. American Association of University Professors (AAUP). (2013). The Inclusion in Governance of Faculty Holding Contingent Appointments. Available online at: http://www.aaup.org/report/governance-inclusion
5. American Association of University Professors (AAUP). (2014). Background Facts on Contingent Faculty. Available online at: http://www.aaup.org/issues/contingency/background-facts (Retrieved March 14, 2014).
6. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
7. Ashforth, B. E., and Mael, F. A. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Manag. Rev. 14, 20-39. doi: 10.5465/AMR.1989.4278999
8. Baldwin, R., and Chronister, J. (2001). Teaching Without Tenure: Practices and Policies for a New Era. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
9. Baldwin, R. G., and Wawrzynski, M. R. (2011). Contingent faculty as teachers: what we know; what we need to know. Am. Behav. Sci. 55, 1485-1509. doi: 10.1177/0002764211409194
10. Barker, K., and Christensen, K. (1998). "Controversy and challenges raised by contingent work environments," in Contingent Work: American Employment Relations in Transition, eds K. Barker and K. Christensen (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), 1-18.
11. Barnes, L. B., Agago, M. O., and Combs, W. T. (1998). Effects of job-related stress on faculty intention to leave academia. Res. High. Educ. 39, 457-464. doi: 10.1023/A:1018741404199
12. Benavides, F., Benach, J., Diez-Roux, A., and Roman, C. (2000). How do types of employment relate to health indicators? Findings from the second European survey on working conditions. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 54, 494-501. doi: 10.1136/jech.54.7.494
13. Benavides, F. G., and Benach, J. (1999). Precarious Employment and Health-Related Outcomes in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
14. Berret, B. (2008). Examining the participation of contingent faculty in the shared governance of institutions of higher education. Doctoral Dissertation, Widener University. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 38.
15. Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., Risbey, K. R., and Staples, J. (2006). The impact of appointment type on the productivity and commitment of full-time faculty in research and doctoral institutions. J. High. Educ. 77, 89-124. doi: 10.1353/jhe.2006.0002
16. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York, NY: J. Wiley & Sons.
17. Bok, D. C. (2006). Our Underachieving Colleges: A Candid Look at how much Students Learn and why they Should be Learning More. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
18. Bradburn, E. M., Sikora, A. C., and Zimbler, L. J. (2002). The Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Salary and Other Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
19. Bradley, G. (2004). Contingent faculty and the new academic labor system. Academe 90, 28-31. doi: 10.2307/40252585
20. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., and Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 56, 267-283. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
21. Chait, R. (1997, February 7). Thawing the cold war over tenure: why academe needs more employment options. Chron. High. Educ. p. B4.
22. Coalition on the Academic Workforce (CAW). (2012). A Portrait of Part-Time Faculty Members. Coalition on the Academic Workforce, 1-51.
23. Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., and Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol. Bull. 127, 87-127. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87
24. Connelly, C. E., and Gallagher, D. G. (2004). Emerging trends in contingent work research. J. Manage. 30, 959-983. doi: 10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.008
25. Connor-Smith, J. K., and Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: a Meta-analysis. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 93, 1080-1107. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080
26. Crawford, J. R., and Henry, J. D. (2003). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 42, 111-131. doi: 10.1348/014455603321903544
27. Curtis, J. (2014). The Employment Status of Instructional Staff Members in Higher Education, Fall 2011. Washington, DC: American Association of University Professors.
28. Curtis, J. W., and Jacobe, M. F. (2006). AAUP Contingent Faculty Index. Washington, DC: Association of American University Professors.
29. Curtis, J. W., and Thornton, S. (2013). Here's the News: The Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession, 2013-2013. Washington, DC: American Association of University Professors.
30. Davis, M. C., Matthews, K. A., and Twamley, E. W. (1999). Is life more difficult on mars or venus? A meta-analytic review of sex differences in major and minor life events. Ann. Behav. Med. 21, 83-97. doi: 10.1007/BF02895038
31. Dutton, D. (2009). An Exploration of the Motivation and Experience of Contingent Academic Faculty in a University Setting. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Calgary. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 71, 102.
32. Ehrenberg, R. G., and Zhang, L. (2005). Do tenured and tenure-track faculty matter? J. Hum. Resour. 40, 647-659. doi: 10.3368/jhr.XL.3.647
33. Fuller, B. J., Hester, K., Barnett, T., Frey, L., and Relyea, C. (2006). Perceived organizational support and perceived external prestige: predicting organizational attachment for university faculty, staff, and administrators. J. Soc. Psychol. 146, 327-347. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.146.3.327-347
34. Galais, N., and Moser, K. (2009). Organizational commitment and the well-being of temporary agency workers: a longitudinal study. Hum. Relat. 62, 589-620. doi: 10.1177/0018726708101991
35. Gandy, M., Sharpe, L., and Perry, K. (2012). Psychosocial predictors of depression and anxiety in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 140, 222-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.035
36. Gappa, J. M., Austin, A. E., and Trice, A. G. (2007). Rethinking Faculty Work: Higher Education's Strategic Imperative. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
37. Gappa, J. M., and Leslie, D. W. (1993). The Invisible Faculty: Improving the Status of Part-Timers in Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
38. Gappa, J. M., and Leslie, D. W. (2002). Part-Time Faculty: Competent and Committed. New Dir. Commun. Coll. 188, 59-67. doi: 10.1002/cc.64
39. Groff, K. (2012). Examining the Moderating Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relationship Between Shocks and Workplace Outcomes. Graduate School Theses and Dissertations. Available online at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4058
40. Hagedorn, L. S. (2000). "Conceptualizing faculty job satisfaction: components, theories, and outcomes," in What Contributes to Job Satisfaction Among Faculty and Staff, ed L. S. Hagedorn (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass), 5-20.
41. Helgeson, V. (2011). "Gender, stress, and coping," in The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping, ed S. Folkman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press), 63-85. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375343.013.0002
42. Jaeger, A. J., Thornton, C. H., and Eagan, K. (2007). "Effects of faculty type on first year student retention and performance," in Paper Presented at the Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education (Louisville, KY).
43. Johnson, I. Y. (2011). Contingent instructors and student outcomes: an artifact or a fact? Res. High. Educ. 52, 761-785. doi: 10.1007/s11162-011-9219-2
44. Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D. S., and Brymer, R. A. (1999). Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment: a comparison of two scales. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 59, 976-996. doi: 10.1177/00131649921970297
45. Kallenberg, A. L. (2000). Nonstandard employment relations: part-time, temporary, and contract work. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 26, 341-365. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.341
46. Koys, D. J. (1988). Human resource management and a culture of respect: effects on employees organizational commitment. Employ. Respons. Rights J. 1, 57-70. doi: 10.1007/BF01385453
47. Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., and Sparrowe, R. T. (2005). The role of job security in understanding employees' perceptions of temporary workers and employees' performance. J. Appl. Psychol. 90, 389-398. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.389
48. Lease, S. H. (1999). Occupational role stressors, coping, support, and hardiness as predictors of strain in academic faculty: an emphasis on new and female faculty. Res. High. Educ. 30, 285-304. doi: 10.1023/A:1018747000082
49. Lewis, V. (2012). Prediction of Job Satisfaction Based on Workplace Facets for Adjunct Business Faculty at Four-Year Universities. Doctoral Dissertation, Oklahoma State University. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 73(10-A), E.
50. Li, R., Cooper, C., and Livingston, G. (2014). Relationship of coping style to mood and anxiety disorders in dementia carers. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 27, 52-56. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000020
51. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Kraimer, M. L., and Sparrowe, R. T. (2003). The dual commitments of contingent workers: an examination of contingents; commitment to the agency and the organization. J. Organ. Behav. 24, 609-625. doi: 10.1002/job.208
52. Lovibond, S. H., and Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, 2nd Edn. Sydney, NSW: Psychology Foundation.
53. Mael, F., and Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their Alma Mater: a partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. J. Organ. Behav. 13, 103-123. doi: 10.1002/job.4030130202
54. Mathieu, J. E., and Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychol. Bull. 108, 171-194. doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.108.2.171
55. McFarlin, D. B., and Sweeney, P. D. (1992). Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes. Acad. Manage. J. 35, 626-637. doi: 10.2307/256489
56. McGinnis, S. K., and Morrow, P. C. (1990). Job attitudes among full-time and part-time employees. J. Vocat. Behav. 36, 82-96. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(90)90016-U
57. Meyer, J. P., and Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Hum. Resour. Manage. Rev. 1, 61-89. doi: 10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
58. Meyer, J. P., and Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
59. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., and Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York, NY: Academic Press.
60. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., and Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. J. Vocat. Behav. 14, 224-247. doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(79)90072-1
61. Murphy, M. (2009). Contingent faculty: what impacts their organizational commitment? Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 70, 1583.
62. New Faculty Majority (NFM). (2012). NFM National Unemployment Compensation Initiative. Available online at: http://www.newfacultymajority.info/equity/projects-a-initiatives/projects/2012-06-20-22-45-48
63. Outcalt, C. L. (2002). "Community college faculty: characteristics, practices, and Challenges," in New Direction for Community Colleges, No. 118, 109-115. Available online at: http://files.eric.ed.gov.proxylib.csueastbay.edu/fulltext/ED467454.pdf
64. Palmer, J. C. (2002). "Disciplinary variations in the work of full-time faculty members," in New Directions for Community Colleges, No. 118, Community College Faculty: Characteristics, Practices, and Challenges, ed C. Outcalt (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass), 9-20.
65. Pearce, J. L. (1993). Toward an organizational behavior of contract laborers: their psychological involvement and effects on employee co-workers. Acad. Manage. J. 36, 1082-1096. doi: 10.2307/256646
66. Rhoades, L., and Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. J. Appl. Psychol. 87, 698-714. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
67. Schulz, S. D. (2009). Predicting job satisfaction among iowa community college adjunct faculty members: use and application of herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa. Available online at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10994/
68. Sonner, B. S. (2000). A is for adjunct: examining grade inflation in higher education. J. Educ. Bus. 76, 5-8. doi: 10.1080/08832320009599042
69. Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D., and Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: a meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Pers. Soc. Rev. 6, 2-30. doi: 10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
70. Thompson, K. (2003). Contingent faculty and student learning: welcome to the stativersity. New Dir. High. Educ. 2003, 41-48. doi: 10.1002/he.119
71. Umbach, P. D. (2007). How effective are they? Exploring the impact of contingent faculty on undergraduate education. Rev. High. Educ. 30, 91-123. doi: 10.1353/rhe.2006.0080
72. Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., and Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: a social exchange perspective. Acad. Manage. J. 40, 82-111. doi: 10.2307/257021