Myopia is associated with lower vitamin D status in young adults

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 55, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 4552-4559

  Yazar, Seyhan ^a   Hewitt, Alex W ^a,b   Black, Lucinda J ^c   McKnight, Charlotte M ^a   Mountain, Jenny A ^c   Sherwin, Justin C ^d   Oddy, Wendy H ^c   Coroneo, Minas T ^e   Lucas, Robyn M ^c,f   Mackey, David A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^d ROYAL VICTORIAN EYE AND EAR HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^f The Australian National University   (Australia)

Author keywords

Myopia; Ocular sun exposure; Raine Study; Vitamin D; Young adults

Indexed keywords

CALCIFEDIOL; VITAMIN D;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOFLUORESCENCE IMAGING; AUTOREFRACTOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; ETHNICITY; EYE EXAMINATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; HUMAN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYOPIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; REFRACTOMETRY; SUN EXPOSURE; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; YOUNG ADULT;

MYOPIA,; OCULAR SUN EXPOSURE; RAINE STUDY,; VITAMIN D,; YOUNG ADULTS;

ADOLESCENT; CALCIFEDIOL; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MYOPIA; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; REFRACTION, OCULAR; SUNLIGHT; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMINS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84904798219     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14589     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw S-M. Myopia. Lancet. 2012; 379:1739-1748.
2. Morgan I, Rose K. How genetic is school myopia?Prog Retin Eye Res. 2005;24:1-38.
3. French AN, Morgan IG, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P, Rose KA. Prevalence and 5-to 6-year incidence and progression of myopia and hyperopia in Australian schoolchildren. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1482-1491.
4. Ogawa A, Tanaka M. The relationship between refractive errors and retinal detachment-analysis of 1,166 retinal detachment cases. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1988;32:310-315.
5. Vongphanit J, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in an older population. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:704-711.
6. Brown NA, Hill AR. Cataract: the relation between myopia and cataract morphology. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71:405-414.
7. Mitchell P, Hourihan F, Sandbach J, Wang JJ. The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:2010-2015.
8. Laval J. Vitamin D and myopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1938;19:47-53.
9. Mutti DO, Marks AR. Blood levels of vitamin D in teens and young adults with myopia. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88:377-382.
10. Choi JA, Han K, Park Y-M, La TY. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with myopia in Korean adolescents. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:2041-2047.
11. Sherwin JC, Mackey DA. Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2013;8:63-87.
12. Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48:3524-3532.
13. Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2008;115: 1279-1285.
14. Dirani M, Tong L, Gazzard G, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009; 93:997-1000.
15. Low W, Dirani M, Gazzard G, et al. Family history, near work, outdoor activity, and myopia in Singapore Chinese preschool children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010;94:1012-1016.
16. Sherwin JC, Reacher MH, Keogh RH, Khawaja AP, Mackey DA, Foster PJ. The association between time spent outdoors and myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:2141-2151.
17. Jones-Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al. Time outdoors, visual activity, and myopia progression in juvenile-onset myopes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:7169-7175.
18. Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L, et al. Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children: one-year follow-up study in Beijing. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e75260.
19. Mutti DO, Cooper ME, Dragan E, et al. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and group-specific component (GC, vitamin D-binding protein) polymorphisms in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:3818-3824.
20. Annamaneni S, Bindu CH, Reddy KP, Vishnupriya S. Association of vitamin D receptor gene start codon (Fok1) polymorphism with high myopia. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2011;4:57-62.
21. Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:362-371.
22. Daly RM, Gagnon C, Lu ZX, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its determinants in Australian adults aged 25 years and older: a national, population-based study. Clin Endocrinol. 2012;77:26-35.
23. Salzer J, Hallmans G, Nyström M, Stenlund H, Wadell G, Sundström P. Vitamin D as a protective factor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2012;79:2140-2145.
24. McKnight CM, Newnham JP, Stanley FJ, et al. Birth of a cohort-the first 20 years of the Raine study. Med J Aust. 2012;197: 608-610.
25. Newnham JP, Evans SF, Michael CA, Stanley FJ, Landau LI. Effects of frequent ultrasound during pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1993;342:887-891.
26. Yazar S, Forward H, McKnight CM, et al. Raine Eye Health Study: design, methodology and baseline prevalence of ophthalmic disease in a birth-cohort study of young adults. Ophthalmic Genet. 2013;34:199-208.
27. Luo H-D, Gazzard G, Liang Y, Shankar A, Tan DTH, Saw SM. Defining myopia using refractive error and uncorrected logMAR visual acuity >0.3 from 1334 Singapore school children ages 7-9 years. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90:362-366.
28. Ooi J-L, Sharma NS, Papalkar D, et al. Ultraviolet fluorescence photography to detect early sun damage in the eyes of schoolaged children. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141:294-298.
29. Sherwin JC, McKnight CM, Hewitt AW, Griffiths LR, Coroneo MT, Mackey DA. Reliability and validity of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence measurement. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:801-805.
30. Maunsell Z, Wright DJ, Rainbow SJ. Routine isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous measurement of the 25-hydroxy metabolites of vitamins D2 and D3. Clin Chem. 2005;51:1683-1690.
31. van der Mei IAF, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, et al. Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia. J Neurol. 2007;254:581-590.
32. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-1930.
33. Jones-Jordan LA, Mitchell GL, Cotter SA, et al. Visual activity before and after the onset of juvenile myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:1841-1850.
34. Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Coroneo MT, Kearns LS, Griffiths LR, Mackey DA. The association between time spent outdoors and myopia using a novel biomarker of outdoor light exposure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:4363-4370.
35. Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour J-P, et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int. 2009; 20:1807-1820.
36. Looker AC, Dawson-Hughes B, Calvo MS, Gunter EW, Sahyoun NR. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III. Bone. 2002;30:771-777.
37. Brock K, Wilkinson M, Cook R, Lee S, Bermingham M. Associations with vitamin D deficiency in "at risk" Australians. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;89-90:581-588.
38. Preece MA, McIntosh WB, Tomlinson S, Ford JA, Dunnigan MG, O'Riordan JL. Vitamin-D deficiency among Asian immigrants to Britain. Lancet. 1973;1:907-910.
39. Meyer HE, Falch JA, Søgaard AJ, Haug E. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism and the association with bone mineral density in persons with Pakistani and Norwegian background living in Oslo, Norway, The Oslo Health Study. Bone. 2004;35:412-417.
40. van der Mei IAF, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, et al. Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia. J Neurol. 2007;254:581-590.
41. Kift R, Berry JL, Vail A, Durkin MT, Rhodes LE, Webb AR. Lifestyle factors including less cutaneous sun exposure contribute to starkly lower vitamin D levels in U.K. South Asians compared with the white population. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:1272-1278.
42. Farrar MD, Webb AR, Kift R, et al. Efficacy of a dose range of simulated sunlight exposures in raising vitamin D status in South Asian adults: implications for targeted guidance on sun exposure. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97:1210-1216.
43. Brock KE, Ke L, Tseng M, et al. Vitamin D status is associated with sun exposure, vitamin D and calcium intake, acculturation and attitudes in immigrant East Asian women living in Sydney. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013;136:214-217.
44. Wu P-C, Tsai C-L, Wu H-L, Yang Y-H, Kuo H-K. Outdoor activity during class recess reduces myopia onset and progression in school children. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1080-1085.
45. McBrien NA, Moghaddam HO, New R, Williams LR. Experimental myopia in a diurnal mammal (Sciurus carolinensis) with no accommodative ability. J Physiol. 1993;469:427-441.
46. Schmid KL, Wildsoet CF. Effects on the compensatory responses to positive and negative lenses of intermittent lens wear and ciliary nerve section in chicks. Vision Res. 1996;36: 1023-1036.
47. McCarthy CS, Megaw P, Devadas M, Morgan IG. Dopaminergic agents affect the ability of brief periods of normal vision to prevent form-deprivation myopia. Exp Eye Res. 2007;84:100-107.
48. Ashby R, Ohlendorf A, Schaeffel F. The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:5348-5354.
49. Smith EL, Hung LF, Huang J. Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in Rhesus monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:421-428.
50. Smith EL, Hung L-F, Arumugam B, Huang J. Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:2959-2969.
51. Siegwart JT, Norton TT. The time course of changes in mRNA levels in tree shrew sclera during induced myopia and recovery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2067-2075.
52. Hall NF, Gale CR, Ye S, Martyn CN. Myopia and polymorphisms in genes for matrix metalloproteinases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:2632-2636.
53. Baker A, Wood CL, Wood AM, Timms P, Allsopp AJ. Changes in vitamin D and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in submariners during a submerged patrol. Occup Environ Med. 2014;71: 104-108.
54. Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, et al. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med. 2000;247:260-268.
55. Lim LS, Gazzard G, Low Y-L, et al. Dietary factors, myopia, and axial dimensions in children. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:993-997.