Androgen receptor functions in prostate cancer development and progression

Asian Journal of Andrology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 561-564

  Balk, Steven P ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; DNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ERG;

ARTICLE; CANCER GROWTH; DNA SYNTHESIS; FUSION GENE; GENE REPRESSION; HUMAN; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; NONHUMAN; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN FUNCTION; TMPRSS2 GENE; TUMOR GENE;

EID: 84904757240     PISSN: 1008682X     EISSN: 17457262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.126396     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Massie CE, Lynch A, Ramos-Montoya A, Boren J, Stark R, et al. The androgen receptor fuels prostate cancer by regulating central metabolism and biosynthesis. EMBO J 2011; 30: 2719-33.
2. Xu Y, Chen SY, Ross KN, Balk SP. Androgens induce prostate cancer cell proliferation through mammalian target of rapamycin activation and post-transcriptional increases in cyclin D proteins. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 7783-92.
3. Knudsen KE, Arden KC, Cavenee WK. Multiple G1 regulatory elements control the androgen-dependent proliferation of prostatic carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 20213-22.
4. Balk SP, Knudsen KE. AR, the cell cycle, and prostate cancer. Nucl Recept Signal 2008; 6: e001.
5. Lu S, Liu M, Epner DE, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Androgen regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 gene through an androgen response element in the proximal promoter. Mol Endocrinol 1999; 13: 376-84.
6. Lu L, Schulz H, Wolf DA. The F-box protein SKP2 mediates androgen control of p27 stability in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. BMC Cell Biol 2002; 3: 22.
7. Fang Z, Zhang T, Dizeyi N, Chen S, Wang H, et al. Androgen Receptor Enhances p27 Degradation in Prostate Cancer Cells through Rapid and Selective TORC2 Activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287: 2090-8.
8. Wang H, Xu Y, Fang Z, Chen S, Balk SP, et al. Doxycycline regulated induction of AKT in murine prostate drives proliferation independently of p27 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor downregulation. PLoS One 2012; 7: e41330.
9. Yan G, Fukabori Y, Nikolaropoulos S, Wang F, McKeehan WL. Heparin-binding keratinocyte growth factor is a candidate stromal-to-epithelial-cell andromedin. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6: 2123-8.
10. Curtin D, Jenkins S, Farmer N, Anderson AC, Haisenleder DJ, et al. Androgen suppression of GnRH-stimulated rat LHbeta gene transcription occurs through Sp1 sites in the distal GnRH-responsive promoter region. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 1906-17.
11. Verras M, Lee J, Xue H, Li TH, Wang Y, et al. The androgen receptor negatively regulates the expression of c-Met: implications for a novel mechanism of prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 967-75.
12. Grosse A, Bartsch S, Baniahmad A. Androgen receptor-mediated gene repression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 352: 46-56.
13. Truica CI, Byers S, Gelmann EP. Beta-catenin affects androgen receptor transcriptional activity and ligand specificity. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4709-13.
14. Shah S, Hecht A, Pestell R, Byers SW. Trans-repression of beta-catenin activity by nuclear receptors. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 48137-45.
15. Yang F, Li X, Sharma M, Sasaki CY, Longo DL, et al. Linking beta-catenin to androgen-signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 11336-44.
16. Chesire DR, Isaacs WB. Ligand-dependent inhibition of beta-catenin/TCF signaling by androgen receptor. Oncogene 2002; 21: 8453-69.
17. Mulholland DJ, Read JT, Rennie PS, Cox ME, Nelson CC. Functional localization and competition between the androgen receptor and T-cell factor for nuclear beta-catenin: a means for inhibition of the Tcf signaling axis. Oncogene 2003; 22: 5602-13.
18. Chen SY, Wulf G, Zhou XZ, Rubin MA, Lu KP, et al. Activation of beta-catenin signaling in prostate cancer by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated abrogation of the androgen receptor-beta-catenin interaction. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26: 929-39.
19. Yuan X, Lu ML, Li T, Balk SP. SRY interacts with and negatively regulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 46647-54.
20. Jouravel N, Sablin E, Arnold LA, Guy RK, Fletterick RJ. Interaction between the androgen receptor and a segment of its corepressor SHP. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2007; 63: 1198-200.
21. Moehren U, Papaioannou M, Reeb CA, Hong W, Baniahmad A. Alien interacts with the human androgen receptor and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21: 1039-48.
22. Gamble SC, Chotai D, Odontiadis M, Dart DA, Brooke GN, et al. Prohibitin, a protein downregulated by androgens, represses androgen receptor activity. Oncogene 2007; 26: 1757-68.
23. Belandia B, Powell SM, Garcia-Pedrero JM, Walker MM, Bevan CL, et al. Hey1, a mediator of notch signaling, is an androgen receptor corepressor. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25: 1425-36.
24. Yu X, Li P, Roeder RG, Wang Z. Inhibition of androgen receptor-mediated transcription by amino-terminal enhancer of split. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21: 4614-25.
25. Yoon HG, Wong J. The corepressors silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor and nuclear receptor corepressor are involved in agonist-and antagonist-regulated transcription by androgen receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20: 1048-60.
26. Cheng S, Brzostek S, Lee SR, Hollenberg AN, Balk SP. Inhibition of the dihydrotestosterone-activated androgen receptor by nuclear receptor corepressor. Mol Endocrinol 2002; 16: 1492-501.
27. Hodgson MC, Astapova I, Cheng S, Lee LJ, Verhoeven MC, et al. The androgen receptor recruits nuclear receptor CoRepressor (N-CoR) in the presence of mifepristone via its N and C termini revealing a novel molecular mechanism for androgen receptor antagonists. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 6511-9.
28. Song LN, Coghlan M, Gelmann EP. Antiandrogen effects of mifepristone on coactivator and corepressor interactions with the androgen receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18: 70-85.
29. Zhao JC, Yu J, Runkle C, Wu L, Hu M, et al. Cooperation between Polycomb and androgen receptor during oncogenic transformation. Genome Res 2012; 22: 322-31.
30. Chng KR, Chang CW, Tan SK, Yang C, Hong SZ, et al. A transcriptional repressor co-regulatory network governing androgen response in prostate cancers. EMBO J 2012; 31: 2810-23.
31. Cai C, He HH, Chen S, Coleman I, Wang H, et al. Androgen receptor gene expression in prostate cancer is directly suppressed by the androgen receptor through recruitment of lysine-specific demethylase 1. Cancer Cell 2011; 20: 457-71.
32. Shi Y, Lan F, Matson C, Mulligan P, Whetstine JR, et al. Histone demethylation mediated by the nuclear amine oxidase homolog LSD1. Cell 2004; 119: 941-53.
33. Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, Dhanasekaran SM, Mehra R, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 2005; 310: 644-8.
34. Tomlins SA, Laxman B, Varambally S, Cao X, Yu J, et al. Role of the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer. Neoplasia 2008; 10: 177-88.
35. Yu J, Yu J, Mani RS, Cao Q, Brenner CJ, et al. An integrated network of androgen receptor, polycomb, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2010; 17: 443-54.
36. Cai C, Wang H, He HH, Chen S, He L, et al. ERG induces androgen receptor-mediated regulation of SOX9 in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 1109-22.
37. Huang Z, Hurley PJ, Simons BW, Marchionni L, Berman DM, et al. Sox9 is required for prostate development and prostate cancer initiation. Oncotarget 2012; 3: 651-63.
38. Schaeffer EM, Marchionni L, Huang Z, Simons B, Blackman A, et al. Androgen-induced programs for prostate epithelial growth and invasion arise in embryogenesis and are reactivated in cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27: 7180-91.
39. Thomsen MK, Butler CM, Shen MM, Swain A. Sox9 is required for prostate development. Dev Biol 2008; 316: 302-11.
40. Wang H, Leav I, Ibaragi S, Wegner M, Hu GF, et al. SOX9 is expressed in human fetal prostate epithelium and enhances prostate cancer invasion. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 1625-30.
41. Thomsen MK, Ambroisine L, Wynn S, Cheah KS, Foster CS, et al. Transatlantic Prostate Group. SOX9 elevation in the prostate promotes proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to drive tumor formation. Cancer Res 2010; 70: 979-87.
42. Chen Y, Chi P, Rockowitz S, Iaquinta PJ, Shamu T, et al. ETS factors reprogram the androgen receptor cistrome and prime prostate tumorigenesis in response to PTEN loss. Nat Med 2013; 19: 1023-9.
43. Wang G, Lunardi A, Zhang J, Chen Z, Ala U, et al. Zbtb7a suppresses prostate cancer through repression of a Sox9-dependent pathway for cellular senescence bypass and tumor invasion. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 739-46.
44. Wang Q, Li W, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Xu K, et al. Androgen receptor regulates a distinct transcription program in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cell 2009; 138: 245-56.
45. Xu K, Wu ZJ, Groner AC, He HH, Cai C, et al. EZH2 oncogenic activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells is Polycomb-independent. Science 2012; 338: 1465-9.
46. Hu R, Lu C, Mostaghel EA, Yegnasubramanian S, Gurel M, et al. Distinct transcriptional programs mediated by the ligand-dependent full-length androgen receptor and its splice variants in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72: 3457-62.
47. Sharma NL, Massie CE, Ramos-Montoya A, Zecchini V, Scott HE, et al. The androgen receptor induces a distinct transcriptional program in castration-resistant prostate cancer in man. Cancer Cell 2013; 23: 35-47.