Silicon growth at the two-dimensional limit on Ag(111)

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 7538-7547

  Mannix, Andrew J ^a,b   Kiraly, Brian ^a,b   Fisher, Brandon L ^a   Hersam, Mark C ^b,c   Guisinger, Nathan P ^a  

^a ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Northwestern University   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

molecular beam epitaxy; scanning tunneling microscopy; silicene; surface reconstruction; two dimensional materials

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES; MICROELECTRONICS; MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY; NANOSHEETS; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SILICON; SILVER; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

EX-SITU ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; MICROELECTRONICS INDUSTRY; SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; SILICENE; SILICON GROWTH; SURFACE PHASIS; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS;

SEMICONDUCTING SILICON;

EID: 84904740794     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn503000w     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. The Rise of Graphene Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183-191
2. Huang, P. Y.; Ruiz-Vargas, C. S.; van der Zande, A. M.; Whitney, W. S.; Levendorf, M. P.; Kevek, J. W.; Garg, S.; Alden, J. S.; Hustedt, C. J.; Zhu, Y. Grains and Grain Boundaries in Single-Layer Graphene Atomic Patchwork Quilts Nature 2011, 469, 389-392
3. Berger, C.; Song, Z.; Li, X.; Wu, X.; Brown, N.; Naud, C.; Mayou, D.; Li, T.; Hass, J.; Marchenkov, A. N. Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene Science 2006, 312, 1191-1196
4. Yu, Q.; Jauregui, L. A.; Wu, W.; Colby, R.; Tian, J.; Su, Z.; Cao, H.; Liu, Z.; Pandey, D.; Wei, D. Control and Characterization of Individual Grains and Grain Boundaries in Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapour Deposition Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 443-449
5. Yang, W.; Chen, G.; Shi, Z.; Liu, C.-C.; Zhang, L.; Xie, G.; Cheng, M.; Wang, D.; Yang, R.; Shi, D. Epitaxial Growth of Single-Domain Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nat. Mater. 2013, 2, 1-6
6. Najmaei, S.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, W.; Zou, X.; Shi, G.; Lei, S.; Yakobson, B. I.; Idrobo, J.-C.; Ajayan, P. M.; Lou, J. Vapour Phase Growth and Grain Boundary Structure of Molybdenum Disulphide Atomic Layers Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 754-759
7. Chhowalla, M.; Shin, H. S.; Eda, G.; Li, L.-J.; Loh, K. P.; Zhang, H. The Chemistry of Two-Dimensional Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 263-275
8. Castro Neto, A. H.; Peres, N. M. R.; Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K. The Electronic Properties of Graphene Rev. Mod. Phys. 2009, 81, 109-162
9. Takeda, K.; Shiraishi, K. Theoretical Possibility of Stage Corrugation in Si and Ge Analogs of Graphite Phys. Rev. B 1994, 50, 14916
10. Cahangirov, S.; Topsakal, M.; Aktürk, E.; Şahin, H.; Ciraci, S. Two- and One-Dimensional Honeycomb Structures of Silicon and Germanium Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102, 236804
11. Guzmán-Verri, G.; Lew Yan Voon, L. Electronic Structure of Silicon-Based Nanostructures Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 075131
12. Ni, Z.; Liu, Q.; Tang, K.; Zheng, J.; Zhou, J.; Qin, R.; Gao, Z.; Yu, D.; Lu, J. Tunable Bandgap in Silicene and Germanene Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 113-118
13. Ezawa, M. Valley-Polarized Metals and Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Silicene Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 109, 055502
14. Liu, C.-C.; Feng, W.; Yao, Y. Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Silicene and Two-Dimensional Germanium Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107, 076802
15. Aufray, B.; Kara, A.; Vizzini, S.; Oughaddou, H.; Léandri, C.; Ealet, B.; Le Lay, G. Graphene-like Silicon Nanoribbons on Ag(110): A Possible Formation of Silicene Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 96, 183102
16. Vogt, P.; De Padova, P.; Quaresima, C.; Avila, J.; Frantzeskakis, E.; Asensio, M.; Resta, A.; Ealet, B.; Le Lay, G. Silicene: Compelling Experimental Evidence for Graphene-Like Two-Dimensional Silicon Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 155501
17. Feng, B.; Ding, Z.; Meng, S.; Yao, Y.; He, X.; Cheng, P.; Chen, L.; Wu, K. Evidence of Silicene in Honeycomb Structures of Silicon on Ag(111) Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3507-3511
18. Meng, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Du, S.; Wu, R.; Li, L.; Zhang, Y.; Li, G.; Zhou, H.; Hofer, W. A. Buckled Silicene Formation on Ir(111) Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 685-690
19. Fleurence, A.; Friedlein, R.; Ozaki, T.; Kawai, H.; Wang, Y.; Yamada-Takamura, Y. Experimental Evidence for Epitaxial Silicene on Diboride Thin Films Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 245501
20. Chen, L.; Liu, C.-C.; Feng, B.; He, X.; Cheng, P.; Ding, Z.; Meng, S.; Yao, Y.; Wu, K. Evidence for Dirac Fermions in a Honeycomb Lattice Based on Silicon Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 109, 056804
21. Feng, B.; Li, H.; Liu, C.; Shao, T.-N.; Cheng, P.; Yao, Y.; Meng, S.; Chen, L.; Wu, K. Observation of Dirac Cone Warping and Chirality Effects in Silicene ACS Nano 2013, 7, 9049-9054
22. Chen, L.; Li, H.; Feng, B.; Ding, Z.; Qiu, J.; Cheng, P.; Wu, K.; Meng, S. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Dynamic Phase Transition in Monolayer Silicene Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 085504
23. De Padova, P.; Vogt, P.; Resta, A.; Avila, J.; Razado-Colambo, I.; Quaresima, C.; Ottaviani, C.; Olivieri, B.; Bruhn, T.; Hirahara, T. Evidence of Dirac Fermions in Multilayer Silicene Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102, 163106
24. Chen, L.; Feng, B.; Wu, K. Observation of a Possible Superconducting Gap in Silicene on Ag(111) Surface Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 102, 081602
25. Le Lay, G. Physics and Electronics of the Noble-Metal/Elemental- Semiconductor Interface Formation: a Status Report Surf. Sci. 1983, 132, 169-204
26. Ding, Y.; Chan, C.; Ho, K. Structure of the (√3×√3) R30° Ag/Si (111) Surface from First-Principles Calculations Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 67, 1454-1458
27. Aizawa, H.; Tsukada, M.; Sato, N.; Hasegawa, S. Asymmetric Structure of the Si (111)- √3×√3-Ag Surface Surf. Sci. 1999, 429, 509-514
28. Marks, L. D.; Bengu, E.; Collazo-Davila, C.; Grozea, D.; Landree, E.; Leslie, C.; Sinkler, W. Direct Methods for Surfaces Surf. Rev. Lett. 1998, 05, 1087-1106
29. Sato, N.; Takeda, S.; Nagao, T.; Hasegawa, S. Electron Standing Waves on the Si (111)-(√ 3 × √ 3) Ag Surface Phys. Rev. B 1999, 59, 2035-2039
30. Mochizuki, I.; Negishi, R.; Shigeta, Y. Strain Induced Modification of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Electron Gas State on √3×√3-Ag Structure J. Appl. Phys. 2010, 107, 084317
31. Theobald, J. A.; Oxtoby, N. S.; Phillips, M. A.; Champness, N. R.; Beton, P. H. Controlling Molecular Deposition and Layer Structure with Supramolecular Surface Assemblies Nature 2003, 424, 1029-1031
32. Porter, T.; Chang, C.; Tsong, I. Si (111)-(√3×√3) R30° Ag Surface Structure Studied by Impact-Collision Ion-Scattering Spectrometry Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 60, 1739-1742
33. Vlieg, E.; Fontes, E.; Patel, J. Structure Analysis of Si (111)-(√3×√3) R30°/Ag Using X-Ray Standing Waves Phys. Rev. B 1991, 43, 7185-7193
34. Nagao, T.; Hasegawa, S.; Tsuchie, K.; Ino, S. Structural Phase Transitions of Si (111) -(√3×√3) R30°/Au: Phase Transitions in Domain-Wall Configurations Phys. Rev. B 1998, 57, 100-109
35. Vogt, P.; Capiod, P.; Berthe, M. Synthesis and Electrical Conductivity of Multilayer Silicene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 021602.
36. Sweetman, A.; Stannard, A.; Sugimoto, Y.; Abe, M.; Morita, S.; Moriarty, P. Simultaneous Noncontact AFM and STM of Ag:Si(111)-(√ 3×√ 3) R30° Phys. Rev. B 2013, 87, 075310
37. Yau, S.; Arendt, M.; Bard, A. J.; Evans, B. Study of the Structure and Chemical Nature of Porous Si and Siloxene by STM, AFM, XPS, and LIMA J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 402-409
38. Schmitsdorf, R.; Mönch, W. Oxidation of Silver-Passivated Si(111):Ag-(√ 3×√ 3) R30° Surfaces Surf. Sci. 1996, 354, 322-326
39. Molle, A.; Grazianetti, C.; Chiappe, D.; Cinquanta, E.; Cianci, E.; Tallarida, G.; Fanciulli, M. Hindering the Oxidation of Silicene with Non-Reactive Encapsulation Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 4340-4344
40. Galeener, F.; Barrio, R.; Martinez, E.; Elliott, R. Vibrational Decoupling of Rings in Amorphous Solids Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 53, 2429-2432
41. Galeener, F. L.; Mikkelsen, J. C. Raman Studies of the Thermal Oxide of Silicon Solid State Commun. 1981, 37, 719-723
42. Galeener, F. Planar Rings in Glasses Solid State Commun. 1982, 44, 1037-1040
43. Renucci, J.; Tyte, R.; Cardona, M. Resonant Raman Scattering in Silicon Phys. Rev. B 1975, 11, 3885-3896
44. Tanino, H.; Kuprin, A.; Deai, H.; Koshida, N. Raman Study of Free-Standing Porous Silicon Phys. Rev. B. Condens. Matter 1996, 53, 1937-1947
45. Campbell, I.; Fauchet, P. The Effects of Microcrystal Size and Shape on the One Phonon Raman Spectra of Crystalline Semiconductors Solid State Commun. 1986, 58, 739-741
46. Nie, S.; Walter, A. L.; Bartelt, N. C.; Starodub, E.; Bostwick, A.; Rotenberg, E.; McCarty, K. F. Growth from below: Graphene Bilayers on Ir(111) ACS Nano 2011, 5, 2298-2306
47. Tan, Z.; Heald, S.; Rapposch, M.; Bouldin, C.; Woicik, J. Gold-Induced Germanium Crystallization Phys. Rev. B 1992, 46, 9505-9510
48. Gomes, K. K.; Mar, W.; Ko, W.; Guinea, F.; Manoharan, H. C. Designer Dirac Fermions and Topological Phases in Molecular Graphene Nature 2012, 483, 306-310
49. Polini, M.; Guinea, F.; Lewenstein, M.; Manoharan, H. C.; Pellegrini, V. Artificial Honeycomb Lattices for Electrons, Atoms and Photons Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013, 8, 625-633