메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue , 2014, Pages

Is there a rationale and role for long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilators in asthma?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRONCHODILATING AGENT; BUDESONIDE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; SALMETEROL; TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE; ANTIASTHMATIC AGENT; DELAYED RELEASE FORMULATION;

EID: 84904402865     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20551010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2014.23     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 3242685853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at accessed 6 December 2013
    • Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R, The Global Initiative for Asthma. Global burden of asthma. Available at http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/ files/GINABurdenReport-1.pdf (accessed 6 December 2013).
    • Global Burden of Asthma
    • Masoli, M.1    Fabian, D.2    Holt, S.3    Beasley, R.4
  • 2
    • 73449086493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated Available at accessed 6 December 2013
    • Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Updated 2012. Available at http://www.ginasthma.org/local/uploads/ files/GINA-Report-2012Feb13.pdf (accessed 6 December 2013).
    • (2012) Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention
  • 3
    • 67649805319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: Asthma control and exacerbations: Standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice
    • Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, Boulet LP, Boushey HA, Busse WW et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 59-99.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.180 , pp. 59-99
    • Reddel, H.K.1    Taylor, D.R.2    Bateman, E.D.3    Boulet, L.P.4    Boushey, H.A.5    Busse, W.W.6
  • 5
    • 77954033984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New therapies for asthma: Is there any progress?
    • Barnes PJ. New therapies for asthma: is there any progress? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31: 335-343.
    • (2010) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.31 , pp. 335-343
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 8
    • 0036966115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inadequate use of asthma medication in the United States: Results of the Asthma in America national population survey
    • DOI 10.1067/mai.2002.125489
    • Adams RJ, Fuhlbrigge A, Guilbert T, Lozano P, Martinez F. Inadequate use of asthma medication in the United States: results of the asthma in America national population survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110: 58-64. (Pubitemid 36132728)
    • (2002) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-64
    • Adams, R.J.1    Fuhlbrigge, A.2    Guilbert, T.3    Lozano, P.4    Martinez, F.5
  • 9
    • 33745596102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and actions of asthma patients on regular maintenance therapy: The INSPIRE study
    • Partridge MR, van der Molen T, Myrseth SE, Busse WW. Attitudes and actions of asthma patients on regular maintenance therapy: the INSPIRE study. BMC Pulm Med 2006; 6: 13.
    • (2006) BMC Pulm Med , vol.6 , pp. 13
    • Partridge, M.R.1    Van Der Molen, T.2    Myrseth, S.E.3    Busse, W.W.4
  • 11
    • 55849150176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving asthma control in practice: Understanding the reasons for poor control
    • Haughney J, Price D, Kaplan A, Chrystyn H, Horne R, May N et al. Achieving asthma control in practice: understanding the reasons for poor control. Respir Med 2008; 102: 1681-1693.
    • (2008) Respir Med , vol.102 , pp. 1681-1693
    • Haughney, J.1    Price, D.2    Kaplan, A.3    Chrystyn, H.4    Horne, R.5    May, N.6
  • 13
    • 84655167630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in moderate persistent asthma
    • Barnes N, Pavord I, Chuchalin A, Bell J, Hunter M, Lewis T et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in moderate persistent asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42: 38-48.
    • (2012) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.42 , pp. 38-48
    • Barnes, N.1    Pavord, I.2    Chuchalin, A.3    Bell, J.4    Hunter, M.5    Lewis, T.6
  • 14
    • 61449515626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antileukotriene treatment in children with asthma - new patents
    • Iwona S, Tomasz G. Antileukotriene treatment in children with asthma - new patents. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2008; 2: 202-211.
    • (2008) Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov , vol.2 , pp. 202-211
    • Iwona, S.1    Tomasz, G.2
  • 15
    • 84865145614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): A multicentre, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial
    • Pavord ID, Korn S, Howarth P, Bleecker ER, Buhl R, Keene ON et al. Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2012; 380: 651-659.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 651-659
    • Pavord, I.D.1    Korn, S.2    Howarth, P.3    Bleecker, E.R.4    Buhl, R.5    Keene, O.N.6
  • 17
    • 34548570729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of inhaled anticholinergic agents in obstructive airway disease
    • Restrepo RD. Use of inhaled anticholinergic agents in obstructive airway disease. Respir Care 2007; 52: 833-851.
    • (2007) Respir Care , vol.52 , pp. 833-851
    • Restrepo, R.D.1
  • 18
    • 0030837679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK
    • Meier CR, Jick H. Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK. Thorax 1997; 52: 612-617. (Pubitemid 27342209)
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , Issue.7 , pp. 612-617
    • Meier, C.R.1    Jick, H.2
  • 23
    • 0029993821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma
    • O'Connor BJ, Towse LJ, Barnes PJ. Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154(4 Pt 1): 876-880.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 876-880
    • O'Connor, B.J.1    Towse, L.J.2    Barnes, P.J.3
  • 24
    • 34247645201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proof of concept study to evaluate stepping down the dose of fluticasone in combination with salmeterol and tiotropium in severe persistent asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.11.001, PII S0954611106005506
    • Fardon T, Haggart K, Lee DKC, Lipworth BJ. A proof of concept study to evaluate stepping down the dose of fluticasone in combination with salmeterol and tiotropium in severe persistent asthma. Respir Med 2007; 101: 1218-1228. (Pubitemid 46679499)
    • (2007) Respiratory Medicine , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1218-1228
    • Fardon, T.1    Haggart, K.2    Lee, D.K.C.3    Lipworth, B.J.4
  • 25
    • 79960973276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium is noninferior to salmeterol in maintaining improved lung function in B16-Arg/Arg patients with asthma
    • Bateman ED, Kornmann O, Schmidt P, Pivovarova A, Engel M, Fabbri LM. Tiotropium is noninferior to salmeterol in maintaining improved lung function in B16-Arg/Arg patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128: 315-322.
    • (2011) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 315-322
    • Bateman, E.D.1    Kornmann, O.2    Schmidt, P.3    Pivovarova, A.4    Engel, M.5    Fabbri, L.M.6
  • 29
    • 33748475192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle tone
    • DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00313.2006
    • Canning BJ. Reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. J Appl Physiol 2006; 101: 971-985. (Pubitemid 44352315)
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 971-985
    • Canning, B.J.1
  • 31
    • 0026515669 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms in asthma
    • Barnes PJ. Neural mechanisms in asthma. Br Med Bull 1992; 48: 149-168.
    • (1992) Br Med Bull , vol.48 , pp. 149-168
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 34
    • 0032832108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effects of ipratropium bromide in adults with acute asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00243-0, PII S0002934399002430
    • Rodrigo G, Rodrigo C, Burschtin O. A meta-analysis of the effects of ipratropium bromide in adults with acute asthma. Am J Med 1999; 107: 363-370. (Pubitemid 29465815)
    • (1999) American Journal of Medicine , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-370
    • Rodrigo, G.1    Rodrigo, C.2    Burschtin, O.3
  • 35
    • 0030325040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of parasympathetic nerve function in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma-evaluation by coefficiency of variance of R-R interval with modi fied long-term ECG monitoring system
    • Hashimoto A, Maeda H, Yokoyama M. Augmentation of parasympathetic nerve function in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma-evaluation by coefficiency of variance of R-R interval with modi fied long-term ECG monitoring system. Kobe J Med Sci 1996; 42: 347-359.
    • (1996) Kobe J Med Sci , vol.42 , pp. 347-359
    • Hashimoto, A.1    Maeda, H.2    Yokoyama, M.3
  • 36
    • 0033179555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of baseline cholinergic tone in guinea-pig airway smooth muscle
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0843p.x
    • Kesler BS, Canning BJ. Regulation of baseline cholinergic tone in guinea-pig airway smooth muscle. J Physiol 1999; 518: 843-855. (Pubitemid 29387252)
    • (1999) Journal of Physiology , vol.518 , Issue.3 , pp. 843-855
    • Kesler, B.S.1    Canning, B.J.2
  • 37
    • 0018657449 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the pulmonary origin of bronchoconstrictor vagal tone
    • Jammes Y, Mei N. Assessment of the pulmonary origin of bronchoconstrictor vagal tone. J Physiol 1979; 291: 305-316. (Pubitemid 9193959)
    • (1979) Journal of Physiology , vol.VOL 291 , pp. 305-316
    • Jammes, Y.1    Mei, N.2
  • 38
    • 0029949572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroeffector mechanisms: The interface between inflammation and neuronal responses
    • Barnes PJ. Neuroeffector mechanisms: the interface between inflammation and neuronal responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996; 98(5 Pt 2): S73-S81.
    • (1996) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.98 , Issue.5 PART 2
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 39
    • 77649337678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased parasympathetic tone as the underlying cause of asthma: A hypothesis
    • Goyal M, Jaseja H, Verma N. Increased parasympathetic tone as the underlying cause of asthma: a hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2010; 74: 661-664.
    • (2010) Med Hypotheses , vol.74 , pp. 661-664
    • Goyal, M.1    Jaseja, H.2    Verma, N.3
  • 40
    • 0024331183 scopus 로고
    • Is there loss of a protective muscarinic receptor mechanism in asthma?
    • Ayala LE, Ahmed T. Is there loss of protective muscarinic receptor mechanism in asthma? Chest 1989; 96: 1285-1291. (Pubitemid 20000822)
    • (1989) Chest , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 1285-1291
    • Ayala, L.E.1    Ahmed, T.2
  • 41
    • 0026665947 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of neurotransmission in airways
    • Barnes PJ. Modulation of neurotransmission in airways. Physiol Rev 1992; 72: 699-729.
    • (1992) Physiol Rev , vol.72 , pp. 699-729
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 43
    • 63849193838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive role of tiotropium in severe asthmatics and Arg16Gly in ADRB2 as a potential marker to predict response
    • Park HW, Yang MS, Park CS, Kim TB, Moon HB, Min KU et al. Additive role of tiotropium in severe asthmatics and Arg16Gly in ADRB2 as a potential marker to predict response. Allergy 2009; 64: 778-783.
    • (2009) Allergy , vol.64 , pp. 778-783
    • Park, H.W.1    Yang, M.S.2    Park, C.S.3    Kim, T.B.4    Moon, H.B.5    Min, K.U.6
  • 44
    • 0024266311 scopus 로고
    • Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids
    • Lundgren R, Söderberg M, Hörstedt P, Stenling R. Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids. Eur Respir J 1988; 1: 883-889. (Pubitemid 19015298)
    • (1988) European Respiratory Journal , vol.1 , Issue.10 , pp. 883-889
    • Lundgren, R.1    Soderberg, M.2    Horstedt, P.3    Stenling, R.4
  • 49
  • 52
    • 27644530096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic pathways in the lungs and anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • DOI 10.1513/pats.200504-043SR
    • Belmonte KE. Cholinergic pathways in the lungs and anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005; 2: 297-304. (Pubitemid 41566939)
    • (2005) Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 297-304
    • Belmonte, K.E.1
  • 53
    • 70349090618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging inhaled bronchodilators: An update
    • Cazzola M, Matera MG. Emerging inhaled bronchodilators: an update. Eur Respir J 2009; 34: 757-769.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , pp. 757-769
    • Cazzola, M.1    Matera, M.G.2
  • 54
    • 84867602726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of receptor kinetics on the onset and duration of action and the therapeutic index of NVA237 and tiotropium
    • Sykes DA, Dowling MR, Leighton-Davies J, Kent TC, Fawcett L, Renard E et al. The influence of receptor kinetics on the onset and duration of action and the therapeutic index of NVA237 and tiotropium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343: 520-528.
    • (2012) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.343 , pp. 520-528
    • Sykes, D.A.1    Dowling, M.R.2    Leighton-Davies, J.3    Kent, T.C.4    Fawcett, L.5    Renard, E.6
  • 55
    • 33846923601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-agonist carmoterol and tiotropium bromide in the control of airway changes induced by different challenges in guinea-pigs
    • DOI 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.01.004, PII S1094553906000083
    • Rossoni G, Manfredi B, Razzetti R, Civelli M, Berti F. Positive interaction of the novel β2-agonist carmoterol and tiotropium bromide in the control of airway changes induced by different challenges in guinea-pigs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007; 20: 250-257. (Pubitemid 46240951)
    • (2007) Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-257
    • Rossoni, G.1    Manfredi, B.2    Razzetti, R.3    Civelli, M.4    Berti, F.5
  • 56
    • 85067733983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic effects between glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol on a muscarinic agonist-induced contraction in airway smooth muscle
    • Abstract P4835 presented at the
    • Kume H, Imbe S, Iwanaga T, Tohda Y. Synergistic effects between glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol on a muscarinic agonist-induced contraction in airway smooth muscle. Abstract P4835 presented at the European Respiratory Society Annual Congress: Vienna, Austria, 2012.
    • European Respiratory Society Annual Congress: Vienna, Austria, 2012
    • Kume, H.1    Imbe, S.2    Iwanaga, T.3    Tohda, Y.4
  • 57
    • 0017763646 scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms in lung resistance and dynamic lung compliance of healthy children. Effects of two bronchodilators
    • Gaultier C, Reinberg A, Girard F. Circadian rhythms in lung resistance and dynamic lung compliance of healthy children. Effects of two bronchodilators. Respir Physiol 1977; 31: 169-182. (Pubitemid 8211434)
    • (1977) Respiration Physiology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-182
    • Gaultier, C.1    Reinberg, A.2    Girard, F.3
  • 60
    • 0025776979 scopus 로고
    • The parasympathetic nervous system and the diurnal variation of lung mechanics in asthma
    • Morrison JF, Pearson SB. The parasympathetic nervous system and the diurnal variation of lung mechanics in asthma. Respir Med 1991; 85: 285-289.
    • (1991) Respir Med , vol.85 , pp. 285-289
    • Morrison, J.F.1    Pearson, S.B.2
  • 61
    • 0036917649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-agonists on airway tone and bronchial responsiveness
    • DOI 10.1067/mai.2002.130045
    • Larj MJ, Bleecker ER. Effects of β2-agonists on airway tone and bronchial responsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110(6 Suppl): S304-S312. (Pubitemid 35471720)
    • (2002) Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol.110 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Larj, M.J.1    Bleecker, E.R.2
  • 62
    • 33751325028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery from bronchoconstriction and bronchodilator tolerance
    • DOI 10.1385/CRIAI:31:2:181, PII CRIAI312181
    • Haney S, Hancox RJ. Recovery from bronchoconstriction and bronchodilator tolerance. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2006; 31: 181-196. (Pubitemid 44804947)
    • (2006) Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology , vol.31 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 181-196
    • Haney, S.1    Hancox, R.J.2
  • 64
    • 85067731756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-talk between the human muscarinic M3 and β2 receptors: Evidence for heterologous desensitization
    • abs A6373
    • Casarosa P, Pieper MP, Gantner F. Cross-talk between the human muscarinic M3 and β2 receptors: evidence for heterologous desensitization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181 (abs A6373).
    • (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.181
    • Casarosa, P.1    Pieper, M.P.2    Gantner, F.3
  • 65
    • 0034047010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-line therapy for adult patients with acute asthma receiving a multiple-dose protocol of ipratropium bromide plus albuterol in the emergency department
    • Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C. First-line therapy for adult patients with acute asthma receiving a multiple-dose protocol of ipratropium bromide plus albuterol in the emergency department. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 1862-1868. (Pubitemid 30418121)
    • (2000) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , vol.161 , Issue.6 , pp. 1862-1868
    • Rodrigo, G.J.1    Rodrigo, C.2
  • 66
    • 0036282689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of anticholinergics in acute asthma treatment: An evidence-based evaluation
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.121.6.1977
    • Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C. The role of anticholinergics in acute asthma treatment: an evidence-based evaluation. Chest 2002; 121: 1977-1987. (Pubitemid 34634423)
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , Issue.6 , pp. 1977-1987
    • Rodrigo, G.J.1    Rodrigo, C.2
  • 67
    • 84893345022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children
    • Griffiths B, Ducharme FM. Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short-acting beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013: (8)CD000060.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.8
    • Griffiths, B.1    Ducharme, F.M.2
  • 68
    • 84921430583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined inhaled anticholinergics and beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children
    • Plotnick L, Ducharme F. Combined inhaled anticholinergics and beta2-agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000: (3) CD000060.
    • (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.3
    • Plotnick, L.1    Ducharme, F.2
  • 69
    • 27144461982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycopyrrolate causes prolonged bronchoprotection and bronchodilatation in patients with asthma
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.128.4.1974
    • Hansel TT, Neighbour H, Erin EM, Tan AJ, Tennant RC, Maus JG et al. Glycopyrrolate causes prolonged bronchoprotection and bronchodilatation in patients with asthma. Chest 2005; 128: 1974-1979. (Pubitemid 41507530)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 1974-1979
    • Hansel, T.T.1    Neighbour, H.2    Erin, E.M.3    Tan, A.J.4    Tennant, R.C.5    Maus, J.G.6    Barnes, P.J.7
  • 72
    • 75849142219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids: Is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?
    • Kazani S, Israel E. Long-acting β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125: 357-358.
    • (2010) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.125 , pp. 357-358
    • Kazani, S.1    Israel, E.2
  • 73
    • 37349091262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-agonist therapy: A pharmacogenetic analysis of two randomised studies
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61906-0, PII S0140673607619060
    • Bleecker ER, Postma DS, Lawrance RM, Meyers DA, Ambrose HJ, Goldman M. Effect of ADRB2 polymorphisms on response to longacting β2-agonist therapy: a pharmacogenetic analysis of two randomised studies. Lancet 2007; 370: 2118-2125. (Pubitemid 350296302)
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , Issue.9605 , pp. 2118-2125
    • Bleecker, E.R.1    Postma, D.S.2    Lawrance, R.M.3    Meyers, D.A.4    Ambrose, H.J.5    Goldman, M.6
  • 76
    • 84904389210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for patients with symptomatic asthma: Lung function and safety
    • abs 4629
    • Kerstjens HAM, Bleecker E, Meltzer E, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Schmidt O et al. Tiotropium as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids for patients with symptomatic asthma: lung function and safety. Eur Respir J 2013; 42(Suppl 57): 980s (abs 4629).
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 57
    • Kerstjens, H.A.M.1    Bleecker, E.2    Meltzer, E.3    Casale, T.4    Pizzichini, E.5    Schmidt, O.6
  • 77
    • 84904396323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiotropium as add-on to inhaled corticosteroids significantly improves asthma control as reflected by the ACQ responder rate
    • abs 4130
    • Kerstjens HAM, Bleecker E, Meltzer E, Casale T, Pizzichini E, Schmidt O et al. Tiotropium as add-on to inhaled corticosteroids significantly improves asthma control as reflected by the ACQ responder rate. Eur Respir J 2013; 42(Suppl 57): 876s (abs 4130).
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.42 , Issue.SUPPL. 57
    • Kerstjens, H.A.M.1    Bleecker, E.2    Meltzer, E.3    Casale, T.4    Pizzichini, E.5    Schmidt, O.6
  • 79
    • 0037416286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroid doses in asthma: An evidence-based approach
    • Powell H, Gibson PG. Inhaled corticosteroid doses in asthma: an evidence-based approach. Med J Aust 2003; 178: 223-225. (Pubitemid 36329216)
    • (2003) Medical Journal of Australia , vol.178 , Issue.5 , pp. 223-225
    • Powell, H.1    Gibson, P.G.2
  • 81
    • 85067723031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-life prescribing and outcomes of long-acting anticholinergic therapy in adult asthma patients in UK clinical practice
    • abs A2729
    • Price DB, Kaplan A, Jones R, Freeman D, Burden A, Gould SE et al. Real-life prescribing and outcomes of long-acting anticholinergic therapy in adult asthma patients in UK clinical practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187 (abs A2729).
    • (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.187
    • Price, D.B.1    Kaplan, A.2    Jones, R.3    Freeman, D.4    Burden, A.5    Gould, S.E.6
  • 82
    • 0019490625 scopus 로고
    • Influence of age on response to ipratropium and salbutamol in asthma
    • Ullah MI, Newman GB, Saunders KB. Influence of age on response to ipratropium and salbutamol in asthma. Thorax 1981; 36: 523-529. (Pubitemid 11041556)
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 523-529
    • Ullah, M.I.1    Newman, G.B.2    Saunders, K.B.3
  • 83
    • 0027821295 scopus 로고
    • Ageing, late-onset asthma and the beta-adrenoceptor
    • DOI 10.1016/0163-7258(93)90029-D
    • Connolly MJ. Ageing, late-onset asthma and the beta-adrenoceptor. Pharmacol Ther 1993; 60: 389-404. (Pubitemid 24180168)
    • (1993) Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-404
    • Connolly, M.J.1
  • 84
    • 0019469020 scopus 로고
    • Site of action of ipratropium bromide and clinical and physiological determinants of response in patients with asthma
    • Partridge MR, Saunders KB. Site of action of ipratropium bromide and clinical and physiological determinants of response in patients with asthma. Thorax 1981; 36: 530-533. (Pubitemid 11041557)
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , Issue.7 , pp. 530-533
    • Partridge, M.R.1    Saunders, K.B.2
  • 86
    • 0033606539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-eosinophilic corticosteroid unresponsive asthma
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01813-9
    • Pavord ID, Brightling CE, Woltmann G, Wardlaw AJ. Non-eosinophilic corticosteroid unresponsive asthma. Lancet 1999; 353: 2213-2214. (Pubitemid 29295261)
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , Issue.9171 , pp. 2213-2214
    • Pavord, I.D.1    Brightling, C.E.2    Woltmann, G.3    Wardlaw, A.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.