Plant volatiles in extreme terrestrial and marine environments

Plant, Cell and Environment

Volumn 37, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1776-1789

  Rinnan, Riikka ^a   Steinke, Michael ^b   Mcgenity, Terry ^b   Loreto, Francesco ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

^c CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Arctic; BVOC; Desert; DMS; Drought; Hypersaline; Isoprenoid; Mangrove; Temperature

Indexed keywords

ALGA; BIOGENIC EMISSION; CARBON DIOXIDE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; EXTREME EVENT; HYPERSALINE ENVIRONMENT; ISOPRENOID; MANGROVE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT; TUNDRA; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; WARMING;

ALGAE; RHIZOPHORACEAE;

1,3 BUTADIENE DERIVATIVE; CARBON DIOXIDE; HEMITERPENE; HYPERSALINE; ISOPRENE; ISOPRENOID; PENTANE; SEA WATER; TERPENE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ARCTIC; ARTICLE; BVOC; CLIMATE; DESERT; DESERT CLIMATE; DMS; DROUGHT; ENVIRONMENT; LIGHT; MANGROVE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PLANT; TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE.;

ARCTIC; BVOC; CO2; DESERT; DMS; DROUGHT; HYPERSALINE; ISOPRENOID; MANGROVE; TEMPERATURE.;

ARCTIC REGIONS; BUTADIENES; CLIMATE; DESERT CLIMATE; ENVIRONMENT; HEMITERPENES; LIGHT; MONOTERPENES; PENTANES; PLANTS; SEAWATER; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84904283960     PISSN: 01407791     EISSN: 13653040     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/pce.12320     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. Aaltonen H., Pumpanen J., Pihlatie M., Hakola H., Hellén H., Kulmala L., ... Bäck J. (2011) Boreal pine forest floor biogenic volatile organic compound emissions peak in early summer and autumn. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151, 682-691.
2. Aaltonen H., Pumpanen J., Hakola H., Vesala T., Rasmus S. & Bäck J. (2012) Snowpack concentrations and estimated fluxes of volatile organic compounds in a boreal forest. Biogeosciences 9, 2033-2044.
3. Acuña Alvarez L., Exton D.A., Suggett D.J., Timmis K.N. & McGenity T.J. (2009) Characterization of marine isoprene-degrading communities. Environmental Microbiology 11, 3280-3291.
4. ACIA (2005) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
5. Andreae M.O. & Raemdonck H. (1983) Dimethyl sulfide in the surface ocean and the marine atmosphere: a global view. Science 221, 744-747.
6. 2 concentration and climate on isoprene emissions from European Forests. Plant Biology 10, 150-162.
7. Arnold H.E., Kerrison P. & Steinke M. (2013) Interacting effects of ocean acidification and warming on growth and DMS-production in the haptophyte coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Global Change Biology 19, 1007-1016.
8. Arrigo K.R. (2003) Primary production in sea ice. In Sea Ice: An Introduction to its Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology (eds D.N. Thomas & G.S. Dieckmann ), pp. 143-183. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
9. Arruda R.C.O. & Victório C.P. (2011) Leaf secretory structure and volatile compounds of Eugenia copacabanensis Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae). Journal of Essential Oil Research 23, 1-6.
10. Azuma H., Toyota M., Asakawa Y., Takaso T. & Tobe H. (2002) Floral scent chemistry of mangrove plants. Journal of Plant Research 115, 47-53.
11. Barr J.G., Fuentes J.D., Wang D., Edmonds Y., Zieman J.C., Hayden B.P. & Childers D. (2003) Red mangroves emit hydrocarbons. Southeastern Naturalist 2, 499-510.
12. Basyuni M., Baba S., Inafuku M., Iwasaki H., Kinjo K. & Oku H. (2009) Expression of terpenoid synthase mRNA and terpenoid content in salt stressed mangrove. Journal of Plant Physiology 166, 1786-1800.
13. Bates T.S., Charlson R.J. & Gammon R.H. (1987) Evidence for the climatic role of marine biogenic sulphur. Nature 329, 319-321.
14. Bäckstrand K., Crill P.M., Mastepanov M., Christensen T.R. & Bastviken D. (2008) Non-methane volatile organic compound flux from a subarctic mire in northern Sweden. Tellus 60B, 226-237.
15. Beckett M., Loreto F., Velikova V., Brunetti C., Di Ferdinando M., Tattini M., ... Farrant J.M. (2012) Photosynthetic limitations and volatile and non-volatile isoprenoids in the poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis during dehydration and rehydration. Plant, Cell & Environment 35, 2061-2074.
16. Billings W.D. (1992) Phytogeographic and evolutionary potential for the Arctic flora and vegetation in a changing climate. In Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate: An Ecophysiological Perspective (eds F.S. Chapin III, R.L. Jefferies, J.F. Reynolds, G.R. Shaver & J. Svoboda ), pp. 91-109. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
17. Biswas K., Foster A., Aung T. & Mahmoud S. (2009) Essential oil production: relationship with abundance of glandular trichomes in aerial surface of plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31, 13-19.
18. Bokhorst S., Bjerke J.W., Bowles F.W., Melillo J., Callaghan T.V. & Phoenix G.K. (2008) Impacts of extreme winter warming in the sub-arctic: growing season responses of dwarf shrub heathland. Global Change Biology 14, 2603-2612.
19. Bokhorst S., Bjerke J.W., Davey M.P., Taulavuori K., Taulavuori E., Laine K., ... Phoenix G.K. (2010) Impacts of extreme winter warming events on plant physiology in a sub-Arctic heath community. Physiologia Plantarum 140, 128-140.
20. Brilli F., Barta C., Fortunati A., Lerdau M., Loreto F. & Centritto M. (2007) Response of isoprene emission and carbon metabolism to drought in white poplar (Populus alba) saplings. New Phytologist 175, 244-254.
21. Broadgate W.J., Malin G., Küpper F.C., Thompson A. & Liss P.S. (2004) Isoprene and other non-methane hydrocarbons from seaweeds: a source of reactive hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. Marine Chemistry 88, 61-73.
22. Callaghan T.V., Carlsson B.A. & Tyler N.J.C. (1989) Historical records of climate-related growth in Cassiope tetragona from the Arctic. Journal of Ecology 77, 823-837.
23. Callaghan T.V., Jonasson C., Thierfelder T., Yang Z., Hedenås H., Johansson M., ... Sloan V.L. (2013) Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 368, 20120488.
24. Campioli M., Leblans N. & Michelsen A. (2012) Twenty-two years of warming, fertilisation and shading of subarctic heath shrubs promote secondary growth and plasticity but not primary growth. PLoS ONE 7, e34842.
25. Carpenter L.J., Archer S.D. & Beale R. (2012) Ocean-atmosphere trace gas exchange. Chemical Society Reviews 41, 6473-6506.
26. Carslaw K.S., Boucher O., Spracklen D.V., Mann G.W., Rae J.G.L., Woodward S. & Kulmala M. (2010) A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, 1701-1737.
27. Chapin F.S., Sturm M., Serreze M.C., McFadden J.P., Key J.R., Lloyd A.H., ... Welker J.M. (2005) Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming. Science 310, 657-660.
28. Charlson R.J., Lovelock J.E., Andreae M.O. & Warren S.G. (1987) Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326, 655-661.
29. Chen L. & Peng S. (2008) Allelopathic potential of mangrove plants (Aricennia marina, Aegiceras corniculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). Allelopathy Journal 22, 213-220.
30. Claeys M., Graham B., Vas G., Wang W., Vermeylen R., Pashynka V., ... Maenhaut W. (2004) Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene. Science 303, 1173-1176.
31. Cleveland C.C. & Yavitt J.B. (1998) Microbial consumption of atmospheric isoprene in a temperate forest soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 172-177.
32. Copolovici L. & Niinemets Ü. (2010) Flooding induced emissions of volatile signalling compounds in three tree species with differing waterlogging tolerance. Plant, Cell & Environment 33, 1582-1594.
33. Copolovici L., Kännaste A., Pazouki L. & Niinemets Ü. (2012) Emissions of green leaf volatiles and terpenoids from Solanum lycopersicum are quantitatively related to the severity of cold and heat shock treatments. Journal of Plant Physiology 169, 664-672.
34. Di Carlo P., Brune W.H., Martinez M., Harder H., Lesher R., Ren X., ... Campbell C. (2004) Missing OH reactivity in a forest: evidence for unknown reactive biogenic VOCs. Science 304, 722-725.
35. Ekberg A., Arneth A., Hakola H., Hayward S. & Holst T. (2009) Isoprene emission from wetland sedges. Biogeosciences 6, 601-613.
36. Ekberg A., Arneth A. & Holst T. (2011a) Isoprene emission from Sphagnum species occupying different growth positions above the water table. Boreal Environment Research 16, 47-59.
37. Ekberg A., Kuhn J., Bokhorst S.F., Callaghan T.V., Faubert P., Pankoke H., ... Sauer J. (2011b) Extreme winter warming events affect summer BVOC emissions from subarctic dwarf shrubs. In LUCCI Annual Report 2010/2011, Lund Centre for Studies of Carbon Cycle and Climate Interaction (eds A. Lindroth, M.-L. Linderson & M. Hellström ), pp. 28-30. Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
38. Elmendorf S.C., Henry G.H.R., Hollister R.D., Björk R.G., Bjorkman A.D., Callaghan T.V., ... Wookey P.A. (2012) Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. Ecology Letters 15, 164-175.
39. Exton D.A., Suggett D.J., Steinke M. & McGenity T.J. (2012) Spatial and temporal variability of biogenic isoprene emissions from a temperate estuary. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26, GB2012.
40. Exton D.A., Suggett D.J., McGenity T.J. & Steinke M. (2013) Chlorophyll-normalized isoprene production in laboratory cultures of marine microalgae and implications for global models. Limnology and Oceanography 58, 1301-1311.
41. Fares S., Mahmood T., Liu S., Loreto F. & Centritto M. (2011) Influence of growth temperature and measuring temperature on isoprene emission, diffusive limitations of photosynthesis and respiration in hybrid poplars. Atmospheric Environment 45, 155-161.
42. Faubert P., Tiiva P., Rinnan Å., Michelsen A., Holopainen J.K. & Rinnan R. (2010a) Doubled volatile organic compound emissions from subarctic tundra under simulated climate warming. New Phytologist 187, 199-208.
43. Faubert P., Tiiva P., Rinnan Å., Räty S., Holopainen J.K., Holopainen T. & Rinnan R. (2010b) Effect of vegetation removal and water table drawdown on the non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in boreal peatland microcosms. Atmospheric Environment 44, 4432-4439.
44. Faubert P., Tiiva P., Nakam T., Holopainen J., Holopainen T. & Rinnan R. (2011) Non-methane biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from boreal peatland microcosms under warming and water table drawdown. Biogeochemistry 106, 503-516.
45. Fehsenfeld F., Calvert J., Goldan P., Guenther A.B., Hewitt C.N., Lamb B., ... Zimmerman P. (1992) Emissions of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 6, 389-430.
46. Fineschi S., Loreto F., Staudt M. & Peñuelas J. (2013) Diversification of volatile isoprenoid emissions from trees: evolutionary and ecological perspectives. In Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions (eds Ü. Niinemets & R.K. Monson ), pp. 1-20. Springer, Berlin, German.
47. Fortunati A., Barta C., Brilli F., Centritto M., Zimmer I., Schnitzler J. & Loreto F. (2008) Isoprene emission is not temperature-dependent during and after severe drought-stress: a physiological and biochemical analysis. The Plant Journal 55, 687-697.
48. Fuentes J.D., Gu L., Lerdau M., Atkinson R., Baldocchi D., Bottenheim J.W., ... Stockwell W. (2000) Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, 1537-1575.
49. Gantt B., Meskhidze N. & Kamykowski D. (2009) A new physically-based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, 4915-4927.
50. Geron C., Guenther A., Greenberg J., Karl T. & Rasmussen R. (2006) Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from desert vegetation of the southwestern US. Atmospheric Environment 40, 1645-1660.
51. 2 labelling and PTR-MS analysis. Plant, Cell & Environment 33, 781-792.
52. Gibson J.A.E., Garrick R.C., Franzmann P.D., Deprez P.P. & Burton H.R. (1991) Reduced sulfur gases in saline lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 84, 131-140.
53. Grime J.P. (1989) The stress debate: symptom of impending synthesis? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 37, 3-17.
54. 2 production during winter in a Swedish subarctic region: the relative importance of climate and vegetation type. Global Change Biology 12, 1479-1495.
55. Gudleifsson B.E. (2009) Ice encasement damage on grass crops and alpine plants in Iceland impact of climate change. In Plant Cold Hardiness: from the Laboratory to the Field (eds L.V. Gusta, M.E. Wisniewski & K.K. Tanino ), pp. 163-172. CABI, Oxfordshire, UK.
56. Guenther A., Hewitt C.N., Erickson D., Fall R., Geron C., Graedel T., ... Zimmerman P. (1995) A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 8873-8892.
57. Guenther A., Karl T., Harley P., Wiedinmyer C., Palmer P.I. & Geron C. (2006) Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, 3181-3210.
58. 2 assimilation and water use efficiency across a range of poplar genotypes. Physiologia Plantarum 142, 297-304.
59. Haapanala S., Ekberg A., Hakola H., Tarvainen V., Rinne J., Hellén H. & Arneth A. (2009) Mountain birch potentially large source of sesquiterpenes into high latitude atmosphere. Biogeosciences 6, 2709-2718.
60. Hakola H., Rinne J. & Laurila T. (1998) The hydrocarbon emission rates of tea-leafed willow (Salix phylicifolia), silver birch (Betula pendula) and European aspen (Populus tremula). Atmospheric Environment 32, 1825-1833.
61. Hakola H., Laurila T., Lindfors V., Hellén H., Gaman A. & Rinne J. (2001) Variation of the VOC emission rates of birch species during the growing season. Boreal Environment Research 6, 237-249.
62. Hanson D.T., Swanson S., Graham L.E. & Sharkey T.D. (1999) Evolutionary significance of isoprene emission from mosses. American Journal of Botany 86, 634-639.
63. Hedenås H., Olsson H., Jonasson C., Bergstedt J., Dahlberg U. & Callaghan T.V. (2011) Changes in tree growth, biomass and vegetation over a 13-year period in the Swedish Sub-Arctic. Ambio 40, 672-682.
64. Hellén H., Hakola H., Pystynen K.-H., Rinne J. & Haapanala S. (2006) C2-C10 hydrocarbon emissions from a boreal wetland and forest floor. Biogeosciences 3, 167-174.
65. Helliker B.R. & Richter S.L. (2008) Subtropical to Boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures: an isotopic analysis. Nature 454, 511-514.
66. Hewitt C.N. & Street R.A. (1992) A qualitative assessment of the emission of non-methane hydrocarbon compounds from the biosphere to the atmosphere in the U.K.: present knowledge and uncertainties. Atmospheric Environment 26, 3069-3077.
67. Holopainen J.K. & Gershenzon J. (2010) Multiple stress factors and the emission of plant VOCs. Trends in Plant Science 15, 176-184.
68. Holst T., Arneth A., Hayward S., Ekberg A., Mastepanov M., Jackowicz-Korczynski M., ... Bäckstrand K. (2010) BVOC ecosystem flux measurements at a high latitude wetland site. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, 1617-1634.
69. Hopkins F.E., Turner S.M., Nightingale P.D., Steinke M., Bakker D. & Liss P.S. (2010) Ocean acidification and marine trace gas emissions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 760-765.
70. Husband J.D., Kiene R.P. & Sherman T.D. (2012) Oxidation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in response to oxidative stress in Spartina alterniflora and protection of a non-DMSP producing grass by exogenous DMSP plus acrylate. Environmental and Experimental Botany 79, 44-48.
71. IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
72. Jardine K., Abrell L., Kurc S.A., Huxman T., Ortega J. & Guenther A. (2010) Volatile organic compound emissions from Larrea tridentata (creosotebush). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, 12191-12206.
73. Jardine K., Barron-Gafford G.A., Norman J.P., Abrell L., Monson R.K., Meyers K.T., ... Huxman T.E. (2012) Green leaf volatiles and oxygenated metabolite emission bursts from mesquite branches following light-dark transitions. Photosynthesis Research 113, 321-333.
74. Joabsson A., Christensen T.R. & Wallén B. (1999) Vascular plant controls on methane emissions from northern peatforming wetlands. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, 385-388.
75. Johnston A.W.B., Todd J.D., Sun L., Nikolaidou-Katsaridou M.N., Curson A.R.J. & Rogers R. (2008) Molecular diversity of bacterial production of the climate-changing gas, dimethyl sulphide, a molecule that impinges on local and global symbioses. Journal of Experimental Botany 59, 1059-1067.
76. Kaiser R. & Nussbaumer C. (1990) 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-octahydro-4β, 8aα-dimethylnaphthalen-4aβ-ol (=dehydrogeosmin), a novel compound occurring in the flower scent of various species of Cactaceae. Helvetica Chimica Acta 73, 133-139.
77. Kaiser R. & Tollsten L. (1995) An introduction to the scent of cacti. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 10, 153-164.
78. Kajos M.K., Hakola H., Holst T., Nieminen T., Tarvainen V., Maximov T., ... Rinne J. (2013) Terpenoid emissions from fully grown east Siberian Larix cajanderi trees. Biogeosciences 10, 4705-4719.
79. Karl T., Harley P., Emmons L., Thornton B., Guenther A., Basu C., ... Jardine K. (2010) Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation. Science 330, 816-819.
80. Kavouras I.G., Mihalopoulos N. & Stephanou E.G. (1998) Formation of atmospheric particles from organic acids produced by forests. Nature 395, 683-686.
81. Kesselmeier J., Guenther A., Hoffmann T., Piedade M.T.F. & Warnke J. (2009) Natural volatile organic compound emissions from plants and their roles in oxidant balance and particle formation. In Amazonia and Global Change (eds M. Keller, M. Bustamante, J. Gash & P. Silva Dias ), pp. 183-206. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA.
82. Kettle A.J. & Andreae M.O. (2000) Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: a comparison of updated data sets and flux models. Journal of Geophysical Research 105, 26793-26808.
83. Kiene R.P. & Bates T.S. (1990) Biological removal of dimethyl sulphide from sea water. Nature 345, 702-705.
84. Kirst G.O. (1990) Salinity tolerance of eukaryotic marine algae. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 41, 21-53.
85. Knief C., Ramette A., Frances L., Alonso-Blanco C. & Vorholt J.A. (2010) Site and plant species are important determinants of the Methylobacterium community composition in the plant phyllosphere. ISME Journal 4, 719-728.
86. Körner C. (2003) Limitation and stress: always or never? Journal of Vegetation Science 14, 141-143.
87. Körner C. (2006) Significance of temperature in plant life. In Plant Growth and Climate Change (eds J.I.L. Morison & M.D. Morecroft ), pp. 48-69. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.
88. Kreuzwieser J. & Rennenberg H. (2013) Flooding-driven emissions from trees. In Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions (eds Ü. Niinemets & R.K. Monson ), pp. 237-252. Springer, Berlin, German.
89. Lana A., Bell T.G., Simó R., Vallina S.M., Ballabrera-Poy J., Kettle A.J., ... Liss P.S. (2011) An updated climatology of surface dimethylsulfide concentrations and emission fluxes in the global ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25, GB1004.
90. Larsen K.S., Ibrom A., Jonasson S., Michelsen A. & Beier C. (2007) Significance of cold-season respiration and photosynthesis in a subarctic heath ecosystem in Northern Sweden. Global Change Biology 13, 1498-1508.
91. Leck C. & Persson C. (1996) The central Arctic Ocean as a source of dimethyl sulfide seasonal variability in relation to biological activity. Tellus 48B, 156-177.
92. Levasseur M. (2013) Impact of Arctic meltdown on the microbial cycling of sulphur. Nature Geosciences 6, 691-700.
93. Li J., Peng S., Chen L., Wang R. & Ni G. (2010) Use of Sonneratia apetala allelopathy to control Spartina alterniflora weed. Allelopathy Journal 25, 123-131.
94. Lizotte M.P. (2001) The contributions of sea ice algae to Antarctic marine primary production. American Zoologist 41, 57-73.
95. Llusià J., Peñuelas J. & Munné-Bosch S. (2005) Sustained accumulation of methyl salicylate alters antioxidant protection and reduces tolerance of holm oak to heat stress. Physiologia Plantarum 124, 153-161.
96. Loreto F. & Schnitzler J. (2010) Abiotic stresses and induced BVOCs. Trends in Plant Science 15, 154-166.
97. Loreto F., Barta C., Brilli F. & Nogues I. (2006) On the induction of volatile organic compound emissions by plants as consequence of wounding or fluctuations of light and temperature. Plant, Cell & Environment 29, 1820-1828.
98. Loreto F., Centritto M., Barta C., Calfapietra C., Fares S. & Monson R.K. (2007) The relationship between isoprene emission rate and dark respiration rate in white poplar (Populus alba L.) leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment 30, 662-669.
99. Loreto F., Bagnoli F., Calfapietra C., Cafasso D., De Lillis M., Filibeck G., ... Ricotta C. (2014) Isoprenoid emission in hygrophyte and xerophyte European woody flora: ecological and evolutionary implications. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, 334-345.
100. Luo G. & Yu F. (2010) A numerical evaluation of global oceanic emissions of α-pinene and isoprene. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, 2007-2015.
101. McGenity T.J. & Oren A. (2012) Hypersaline environments. In Life at Extremes: Environments, Organisms and Strategies for Survival (ed. E.M. Bell ), pp. 402-437. CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK.
102. Mack M.C., Schuur E.A.G., Bret-Harte M.S., Shaver G.R. & Chapin I.I.I.F.S. (2004) Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature 431, 440-443.
103. Mahall B.E. & Callaway R.M. (1991) Root communication among desert shrubs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 88, 874-876.
104. Matsunaga S.N., Guenther A.B., Potosnak M.J. & Apel E.C. (2008) Emission of sunscreen salicylic esters from desert vegetation and their contribution to aerosol formation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, 7367-7371.
105. Matsunaga S.N., Guenther A.B., Greenberg J.P., Potosnak M., Papiez M., Hiura T., ... Kajii Y. (2009) Leaf level emission measurement of sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes from desert shrubs and temperate forest trees using a liquid extraction technique. Geochemical Journal 43, 179-189.
106. Michelsen A., Rinnan R. & Jonasson S. (2012) Two decades of experimental manipulations of heaths and forest understory in the Subarctic. Ambio 41, 218-230.
107. Milne P.J., Riemer D.D., Zika R.G. & Brand L.E. (1995) Measurement of vertical-distribution of isoprene in surface seawater, its chemical fate, and its emission from several phytoplankton monocultures. Marine Chemistry 48, 237-244.
108. Morgan-Kiss R.M., Priscu J.C., Pocock T., Gudynaite-Savitch L. & Huner N.P.A. (2006) Adaptation and acclimation of photosynthetic microorganisms to permanently cold environments. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70, 222-252.
109. Neuvonen S., Bylund H. & Tommervik H. (2005) Forest defoliation risks in birch forest by insects under different climate and land use scenarios in northern Europe. In Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests (ed. F.E. Wielgolaski ), pp. 125-138. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, German.
110. Nomura D., Ooki A., Simizu D. & Fukuchi M. (2011) Bromoform concentrations in slush-layer water in Antarctic fast ice. Antarctic Science 23, 623-628.
111. Otte M.L., Wilson G., Morris J.T. & Moran B.M. (2004) Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and related compounds in higher plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1919-1925.
112. Owen S.M., Boissard C. & Hewitt C.N. (2001) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from 40 Mediterranean plant species: VOC speciation and extrapolation to habitat scale. Atmospheric Environment 35, 5393-5409.
113. Palmer P.I. & Shaw S.L. (2005) Quantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L09805. doi: 10.1029/2005GL022592.
114. Papiez M.R., Potosnak M.J., Goliff W.S., Guenther A.B., Matsunaga S.N. & Stockwell W.R. (2009) The impacts of reactive terpene emissions from plants on air quality in Las Vegas, Nevada. Atmospheric Environment 43, 4109-4123.
115. Patra J.K. & Thatoi H.N. (2011) Metabolic diversity and bioactivity screening of mangrove plants: a review. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33, 1051-1061.
116. Phoenix G.K. & Lee J.A. (2004) Predicting impacts of arctic climate change: past lessons and future challenges. Ecological Research 19, 65-74.
117. Pohnert G., Steinke M. & Tollrian R. (2007) Chemical cues, defence metabolites and the shaping of pelagic interspecific interactions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, 198-204.
118. Pophof B., Stange G. & Abrell L. (2005) Volatile organic compounds as signals in a plant-herbivore system: electrophysiological responses in olfactory sensilla of the moth Cactoblastis cactorum. Chemical Senses 30, 51-68.
119. Possell M. & Loreto F. (2013) The role of volatile organic compounds in plant resistance to abiotic stresses: responses and mechanisms. In Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions (eds Ü. Niinemets & R.K. Monson ), pp. 209-235. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
120. Potosnak M.J., Baker B.M., LeStourgeon L., Disher S.M., Griffin K.L., Bret-Harte M.S. & Starr G. (2013) Isoprene emissions from a tundra ecosystem. Biogeosciences 10, 871-889.
121. Quinn P.K. & Bates T.S. (2011) The case against climate regulation via oceanic phytoplankton sulphur emissions. Nature 480, 51-56.
122. Raguso R.A., Henzel C., Buchmann S.L. & Nabhan G.P. (2003a) Trumpet flowers of the sonoran desert: floral biology of Peniocereus cacti and sacred datura. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164, 877-892.
123. Raguso R.A., Levin R.A., Foose S.E., Holmberg M.W. & McDade L.A. (2003b) Fragrance chemistry, nocturnal rhythms and pollination 'syndromes' in Nicotiana. Phytochemistry 63, 265-284.
124. 2 environment. Plant, Cell & Environment 27, 381-391.
125. Reese B.K. & Anderson M.A. (2009) Dimethyl sulfide production in a saline eutrophic lake, Salton Sea, California. Limnology and Oceanography 54, 250-261.
126. Rhew R. & Mazéas O. (2010) Gross production exceeds gross consumption of methyl halides in northern California salt marshes. Geophysical Research Letters 37, L18813.
127. Rinnan R., Rinnan Å., Faubert P., Tiiva P., Holopainen J.K. & Michelsen A. (2011) Few long-term effects of simulated climate change on volatile organic compound emissions and leaf chemistry of three subarctic dwarf shrubs. Environmental and Experimental Botany 72, 377-386.
128. Rinne J., Bäck J. & Hakola H. (2009) Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from the Eurasian taiga: current knowledge and future directions. Boreal Environment Research 14, 807-826.
129. Rivas-San Vicente M. & Plasencia J. (2011) Salicylic acid beyond defence: its role in plant growth and development. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 3321-3338.
130. 2 uncouples growth from isoprene emission in an agriforest ecosystem. Nature 421, 256-259.
131. Ruuskanen T.M., Hakola H., Kajos M.K., Hellén H., Tarvainen V. & Rinne J. (2007) Volatile organic compound emissions from Siberian larch. Atmospheric Environment 41, 5807-5812.
132. Schlumpberger B.O. & Raguso R.A. (2008) Geographic variation in floral scent of Echinopsis ancistrophora (Cactaceae); evidence for constraints on hawkmoth attraction. Oikos 117, 801-814.
133. Schlumpberger B.O., Jux A., Kunert M., Boland W. & Wittmann D. (2004) Musty-earthy scent in cactus flowers: characteristics of floral scent production in dehydrogeosmin-producing cacti. International Journal of Plant Sciences 165, 1007-1015.
134. 2 in a natural carbon dioxide spring. Plant, Cell & Environment 27, 393-401.
135. Schollert M., Burchard S., Faubert P., Michelsen A. & Rinnan R. (2014) Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in four vegetation types in high arctic Greenland. Polar Biology 37, 237-249.
136. Schuur E.A.G., Bockheim J., Canadell J.G., Euskirchen E., Field C.B., Goryachkin S.V., ... Zimov S.A. (2008) Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: implications for the global carbon cycle. Bioscience 58, 701-714.
137. Schuur E.G., Crummer K., Vogel J. & Mack M. (2007) Plant species composition and productivity following permafrost thaw and thermokarst in Alaskan tundra. Ecosystems 10, 280-292.
138. Schütz H., Schröder P. & Rennenberg H. (1991) Role of plants in regulating the methane flux to the atmosphere. In Trace Gas Emissions by Plants (eds T.D. Sharkey, E.A. Holland & H.A. Mooney ), pp. 29-92. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
139. Sharkey T. & Loreto F. (1993) Water-stress, temperature, and light effects on the capacity for isoprene emission and photosynthesis of kudzu leaves. Oecologia 95, 328-333.
140. Shaw S.L., Chisholm S.W. & Prinn R.G. (2003) Isoprene production by Prochlorococcus, a marine cyanobacterium, and other phytoplankton. Marine Chemistry 80, 227-245.
141. Shaw S.L., Gantt B. & Meskhidze N. (2010) Production and emissions of marine isoprene and monoterpenes: a review. Advances in Meteorology 2010, 24.
142. Shuman J.K., Shugart H.H. & O'Halloran T.L. (2011) Sensitivity of Siberian larch forests to climate change. Global Change Biology 17, 2370-2384.
143. Simó R. (2001) Production of atmospheric sulfur by oceanic plankton: biogeochemical, ecological and evolutionary links. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, 287-294.
144. Singsaas E.L. & Sharkey T.D. (2000) The effects of high temperature on isoprene synthesis in oak leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment 23, 751-757.
145. Starr G. & Oberbauer S.F. (2003) Photosynthesis of arctic evergreens under snow: implications for tundra ecosystem carbon balance. Ecology 84, 1415-1420.
146. Steinke M., Malin G. & Liss P.S. (2002) Trophic interactions in the sea: an ecological role for climate relevant volatiles? Journal of Phycology 38, 630-638.
147. Steudler P.A. & Peterson B.J. (1984) Contribution of gaseous sulphur from salt marshes to the global sulphur cycle. Nature 311, 455-457.
148. Sunda W., Kieber D.J., Kiene R.P. & Huntsman S. (2002) An antioxidant function for DMSP and DMS in marine algae. Nature 418, 317-320.
149. Svoboda J. (2009) Evolution of plant cold hardiness and its manifestation along the latitudinal gradient in the Canadian Arctic. In Plant Cold Hardiness: from the Laboratory to the Field (eds L.V. Gusta, M.E. Wisniewski & K.K. Tanino ), pp. 140-162. CABI, Oxfordshire, UK.
150. Tape K., Sturm M. & Racine C. (2006) The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Global Change Biology 12, 686-702.
151. Tielbörger K. & Salguero-Gómez R. (2014) Some like it hot: are desert plants indifferent to climate change? In Progress in Botany 75 (eds U. Lüttge, W. Beyschlag & J. Cushman ), pp. 377-400. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, German.
152. Tiiva P., Rinnan R., Faubert P., Räsänen J., Holopainen T., Kyrö E. & Holopainen J.K. (2007a) Isoprene emission from a subarctic peatland under enhanced UV-B radiation. New Phytologist 176, 346-355.
153. Tiiva P., Rinnan R., Holopainen T., Mörsky S.K. & Holopainen J.K. (2007b) Isoprene emissions from boreal peatland microcosms; effects of elevated ozone concentration in an open field experiment. Atmospheric Environment 41, 3819-3828.
154. Tiiva P., Faubert P., Michelsen A., Holopainen T., Holopainen J.K. & Rinnan R. (2008) Climatic warming increases isoprene emission from a subarctic heath. New Phytologist 180, 853-863.
155. Tiiva P., Faubert P., Räty S., Holopainen J.K., Holopainen T. & Rinnan R. (2009) Contribution of vegetation and water table on isoprene emission from boreal peatland microcosms. Atmospheric Environment 43, 5469-5475.
156. Valtanen A., Solloch S., Hartikainen H. & Michaelis W. (2009) Emissions of volatile halogenated compounds from a meadow in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea. Boreal Environment Research 14, 915-931.
157. Velikova V., Várkonyi Z., Szabó M., Maslenkova L., Nogues I., Kovács L., ... Loreto F. (2011) Increased thermostability of thylakoid membranes in isoprene-emitting leaves probed with three biophysical techniques. Plant Physiology 157, 905-916.
158. Velikova V., La Mantia T., Lauteri M., Michelozzi M., Nogues I. & Loreto F. (2012) The impact of winter flooding with saline water on foliar carbon uptake and the volatile fraction of leaves and fruits of lemon (Citrus x limon L. (Burm. f.)) trees. Functional Plant Biology 39, 199-213.
159. Visscher P.T., Guidetti J.R., Culbertson C.W. & Oremland R.S. (1996) Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a potential methanogenic substrate in Mono Lake sediments. In Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMSP and Related Sulfonium Compounds (eds R.P. Kiene, P.T. Visscher, M.D. Keller & G.O. Kirst ), pp. 361-369. Plenum Press, New York, NY, USA.
160. Yoch D.C. (2002) Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: its sources, role in the marine food web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 68, 5804-5815.
161. Zhang N., Yasunari T. & Ohta T. (2011) Dynamics of the larch taiga permafrost coupled system in Siberia under climate change. Environmental Research Letters 6, 024003.