Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its sources, role in the marine food web, and biological degradation to dimethylsulfide

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 68, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 5804-5815

  Yoch, Duane C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIMETHYL SULFIDE; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE; PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; SULFUR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BIODEGRADATION; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; DIMETHYLSULFONIOPROPIONATE; FOOD WEB;

ALGA; ATMOSPHERE; BACTERIUM; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); COPEPOD; DEMETHYLATION; FOOD WEB; MICROBIAL DEGRADATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; SHORT SURVEY; SOLAR RADIATION;

BACTERIA; BIODEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL; CLIMATE; DEALKYLATION; FOOD CHAIN; PHYLOGENY; PHYTOPLANKTON; SULFIDES; SULFONIUM COMPOUNDS; WATER MICROBIOLOGY;

ALGAE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); COPEPODA;

EID: 0036952070     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.12.5804-5815.2002     Document Type: Short Survey

References (141)

1. Ackman, R. G., C. S. Tocher, and J. McLachan. 1966. Occurrence of dimethyl-β-propiothetin in marine phytoplankton. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 23:357-364.
2. Adams, D. F., S. O. Farwell, D. Robinson, M. R. Merrill, and W. L. Bamesberger. 1981. Biogenic sulfur source strengths. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15:1493-1498.
3. Names?. Yr? bacteria inhabiting macroscopic organic aggregates (marine snow) from surface waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31:68-78.
4. Andreae, M. O. 1990. Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Mar. Chem. 30:1-29.
5. Andreae, M. O. 1985. The emission of sulfur to the remote atmosphere, p. 5-25. In J. N. Galoway, R. J. Charlson, M. O. Andreae, and H. Rode (ed.). The biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and nitrogen in the remote atmosphere. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Boston, Mass.
6. Ansede, J. H., R. F. Friedman, and D. C. Yoch. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of culturable dimethyl sulfide-producing bacteria from a Spartina-dominated salt marsh and estuarine water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1210-1217.
7. Ansede, J. H., P. J. Pellechia, and D. C. Yoch. 1999. Metabolism of acrylate to β-hydroxypropionate and its role in dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase induction by a salt marsh sediment bacterium. Alcaligenes faecalis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:5075-5081.
8. 13C]acrylate metabolism by a DMSP lyase-producing marine isolate of the α-subclass of Proteobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:3134-3139.
9. Archer, S. D., C. E. Widdicombe, G. A. Tarran, A. P. Rees, and P. H. Burkill. 2001. Production and turnover of particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate during coccolithophore bloom in the northern North Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 24:225-241.
10. Azam, F., and R. E. Hodson. 1981. Multiphasic kinetics for D-glucose uptake by assemblages of natural marine bacteria. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 6:213-222.
11. Azam, F., D. C. Smith, G. F. Steward, and Å. Hagström. 1993. Bacteria-organic matter coupling and its significance for carbon cycling. Microb. Ecol. 28:167-179.
12. Bacic, M. K., S. Y. Newell, and D. C. Yoch. 1998. Release of dimethylsulfide from dimethylsulfoniopropionate by plant-associated salt marsh fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1484-1489.
13. Bates, T. S., B. K. Lamb, A. Guenther, J. Dignon, and R. E. Stoiber. 1992. Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources. J. Atmos. Chem. 14:315-337.
14. Bates, T. S., Kiene, R. P., G. V. Wolfe, P. A. Matrai, F. P. Chavez, K. R. Buck, B. W. Bloquist, and R. L. Cuhel. 1994. The cycling of sulfur in surface seawater of the northeast Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 99:7835-7843.
15. Belviso, S., P. Buat-Menard, P. Putaud, B. C. Nguyen, H. Claustre, and J. Neveux. 1993. Size distribution of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in areas of the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Chem. 44:55-71.
16. Belviso, S., S.-K. Kim, F. Rassoulzadegan, B. Krajka, B. C. Nguyen, N. Mihalopoulos, and P. Buat-Menard. 1990. Production of dimethylsulfonium propionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) by a microbial food web. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35:1810-1821.
17. Billen, G., C. Joiris, L. Meyer-Reil, and H. Lindeboom. 1990. Role of bacteria in the north sea ecosystem. Nether. J. Sea Res. 26:265-293.
18. Bratbak. G., M. Levasseur S. Michaud, G. Cantin, et al. 1995. Viral activity in relation to Emiliania huxleyi blooms: a mechanism of DMSP release? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128:133-142.
19. Cantin, G., M. Levasseur, M. Gosselin, and S. Michaud. 1996. Role of zooplankton on the mesoscale distribution of dimethylsulfide concentrations in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 141:103-117.
20. Cantin, G., M. Levasseur, S. Schultes, and S. Michaud. 1999. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production by size-fractionated particles in the Labrador Sea. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 19:307-312.
21. Cantoni, G. L., and D. G. Anderson. 1956. Enzymatic cleavage of dimethylpropiothetin by Polysiphonia lanosa. J. Biol. Chem. 222:171-177.
22. Challenger, F., R. Bywood, P. Thomas, and B. Haywood. 1957. Studies on biological methylation. XVII. The natural occurrence and chemical reactions of some thetins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 69:514-523.
23. Challenger, F., and M. I. Simpson. 1948. Studies on biological methylation. XII. A precursor of the dimethyl sulfide evolved by Polysiphonia fastigiata, dimethyl-2-carboxyethyl sulfonium hydroxide and its salts. J. Chem. Soc. 3:1591-1597.
24. Charlson, R. J. 1993. Gas-to-particle conversion and CNN production, p. 275-286. In G. Restelli and G. Angeleitti (ed.), Dimethylsulfide: oceans, atmosphere and climate. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
25. Charlson, R. J., J. E. Lovelock, M. O. Andreae, and S. G. Warren. 1987. Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326:655-661.
26. Christaki, U., S. Belviso, J. R. Dolan, and M. Corn. 1996. Assessment of the role of copepods and ciliates in the release to solution of particulate DMSP. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 141:119-127.
27. Dacey, J. W. H., and N. V. Blough. 1987. Hydroxide decomposition of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to form dimethylsulfide. Geophys. Res. Lett. 14:1246-1249.
28. Dacey, J. W. H., F. A. Howse, A. F. Michaels, and S. G. Wakeham. 1998. Temporal variability of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 145:2085-2104.
29. Dacey, J. W. H., G. M. King, and P. S. Lobel. 1994. Herbivory by reef fishes and the production of dimethylsulfide and acrylic acid. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 112:67-74.
30. Dacey. J. W. H., G. M. King, and S. G. Wakeham. 1987. Factors controlling emission of dimethylsulfide from salt marshes. Nature 330:643-645.
31. Dacey, J. W. H., and S. G. Wakeham. 1986. Oceanic dimethyl sulfide: production during zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton. Science 233:13141.316.
32. Daly, K. L., and G. R. DiTullio. 1996. Particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate removal and dimethylsulfide production by zooplankton in the southern ocean, p. 238-243. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
33. Dang, H., and C. R. Lovell. 2002. Numerical dominance and phylotype of marine Roseobacter species during early colonization of submerged surface in coastal marine waters as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:496-504.
34. Delille, D., and S. Razouls. 1996. Community structures of heterotrophic bacteria of copepod fecal pellets. J. Plank. Res. 16:603-615.
35. de Souza, M. P., Y. P. Chen, and D. C. Yoch. 1996. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase from the marine macrolaga Ulva curvata: purification and characterization of the enzyme. Planta 199:433-438.
36. de Souza, M. P., and D. C. Yoch. 1995. Comparative physiology of dimethyl sulfide production by dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase in Pseudomonas doudoroffii and Alcaligenes sp. strain M3A. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3986-3991.
37. de Souza, M. P., and D. C. Yoch. 1996. Differential metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and acrylate in saline and brackish intertidal sediments. Microb. Ecol. 31:319-330.
38. de Souza, M. P., and D. C. Yoch. 1996. N-terminal amino acid sequences and comparison of DMSP lyases from Pseudomonas doudoroffii and Alcaligenes strain M3A, p. 293-304. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
39. de Souza, M. P., and D. C. Yoch. 1995. Purification and characterization of dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase from an Alcaligenes-like dimethyl sulfide-producing marine isolate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:21-26.
40. Diaz, M. R., P. T. Visscher, and B. F. Taylor. 1992. Metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and glycine betaine by a marine bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 96:61-66.
41. Dickson, D. M. J., and G. O. Kirst. 1986. The role of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, glycine betaine and homarine in the osmoacclimation of Platymonas subcordiformis. Planta 167:536-543.
42. Dickson, D. M., R. G. Wyn Jones, and J. Davenport. 1980. Steady state osmotic adaptation in Ulva lactuca. Planta 150:158-165.
43. Gage, D. A., D. Rhodes, K. D. Nolte, W. A. Hicks, T. Leustek, A. J. L. Cooper, and A. D. Hanson. 1997. A new route for synthesis of dimethylsulphoniopropionate in marine algae. Nature 387:891-894.
44. González, J. M., R. P. Kiene, and M. A. Moran. 1999. Transformation of sulfur compounds by an abundant lineage of marine bacteria in the α-subclass of the class Proteobacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3810-3819.
45. González, J. M., and M. A. Moran. 1997. Numerical dominance of a group of marine bacteria in the α-subclass of the class Proteobacteria in coastal waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:4237-4242.
46. González, J. M., and R. Simó, R. Massana, J. S. Covert, E. O. Casamayor, C. Pedrós-Alio, and M. A. Moran. 2000. Bacterial community structure associated with a dimethylsulfoniopropionate-producing North Atlantic algal bloom. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4237-4246.
47. González, J. M., W. B. Whitman, R. E. Hudson, and M. A. Moran. 1996. Identifying numerically culturable bacteria from complex communities: an example from a lignin enrichment culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:4433-4440.
48. Ishida, Y. 1996. 30 years of research on dimethylsulfoniopropionate p. 1-12. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
49. Ishida, Y., and H. Kodota. 1967. Production of dimethyl sulfide from unicellular algae. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 33:782-787.
50. Iverson, R. L., F. L. Nearhoof, and M. O. Andreae. 1989. Production of DMSP and DMS by phytoplankton in estuarine and coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34:53-67.
51. Jansen, M., and T. A. Hansen. 1998. Tetrahydrofolate serves as a methyl acceptor in the demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in cell extracts of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 169:84-87.
52. Jansen, M., and T. A. Hansen. 2000. DMSP:tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase from the marine sulfate-reducing strain WN. J. Sea Res. 43:225-231.
53. Jacobsen, T. R., and F. Azam. 1984. Role of bacteria in copepod fecal pellet decomposition: colonization, growth rates and mineralization. Bull. Mar. Sci. 35:495-502.
54. Jonkers, H. M., G. F. Koopmans, and H. van Gererden. 1998. Dynamics of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in a marine microbial. Microb. Ecol. 36:93-100.
55. Karsten, U., C. Wiencke, and G. O. Kirst. 1990. The β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) content of macroalgae from Antarctica and southern Chile. Bot. Mar. 33:143-146.
56. Keller, M. D., W. K. Bellows, and R. R. L. Guillard. 1989. Dimethyl sulfide production in marine phytoplankton, p.167-182. In E. S. Saltzman and W. J. Cooper (ed.), Biogenic sulfur in the environment. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
57. Kelly, D. P., and N. A. Smith. 1990. Organic sulfur compounds in the environment. Biogeochemistry, microbiology and ecological aspects. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 11:345-385.
58. Kettle, A. J., and M. O. Andreae. 2000. Flux of dimethylsulfide from the oceans: a comparison of updated data sets and flux models. J. Geophys. Res. 26:26793-26808.
59. Kiene, R. P. 1988. Dimethyl sulfide metabolism in salt marsh sediments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 53:71-78.
60. Kiene, R. P. 1990. Dimethyl sulfide production from dimethylsulfoniopropionate in coastal seawater samples and bacterial cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:3292-3297.
61. Kiene, R. P. 1992. Dynamics of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in oceanic waters. Mar. Chem. 37:29-52.
62. Kiene, R. P. 1996. Microbial cycling of organosulfur gases in marine and freshwater environments, p. 137-151. In D. Adams, S. Seitzinger, and P. Crill (ed.), Cycling of reduced gases in the hydrosphere, vol. 23E. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Nagele U. Obermiller, Stuttgart, Germany.
63. Kiene, R. P. 1996. Production of methanethiol from dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine surface waters. Mar. Chem. 54:69-83.
64. Kiene, R. P. 1996. Turnover of dissolved DMSP in estuarine and shelf waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico, p. 337-349. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
65. Kiene, R. P., and T. S. Bates. 1990. Biological removal of dimethyl sulfide from seawater. Nature 345:702-705.
66. Kiene, R. P., and D. G. Capone. 1988. Microbial transformations of methylated sulfur compounds in anoxic salt marsh sediments. Microb. Ecol. 15:275-291.
67. Kiene, R. P., L. P. Hoffman Williams, and J. E. Walker. 1998. Seawater microorganisms have a high affinity glycine betaine uptake system which also recognizes dimethytsulfoniopropionate. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 15:39-51.
68. Kiene, R. P., and L. J. Linn. 2000. Distribution and turnover of dissolved DMSP and its relationship with bacterial production and dimethylsulfide in the Gulf of Mexico. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45:848-861.
69. Kiene, R. P., L. J. Linn, and J. A. Bruton. 2000. New and important roles for DMSP in marine microbial communities. J. Sea Res. 43:209-224.
70. Kiene, R. P., L. J. Linn, J. González, M. A. Moran, and J. A. Burton. 1999. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and methanethiol are important precursors of methionine and protein-sulfur in marine bacterioplankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:45-49.
71. Kiene, R. P., R. S. Oremland, A. Catena, L. G. Miller, and D. G. Capone. 1986. Metabolism of reduced methylated sulfur compounds in anaerobic sediments and by a pure culture of an estuarine methanogen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:1037-1045.
72. Kiene, R. P., and S. K. Service. 1991. Decomposition of dissolved DMSP and DMS estuarine waters: dependence on temperature and substrate concentration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 76:1-11.
73. Kiene, R. P., and B. F. Taylor. 1988. Demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and production of thiols in anoxic marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2208-2212.
74. Kiene, R. P., and B. F. Taylor. 1989. Metabolism of acrylate and 3-mercaptopropionate: decomposition products of (dimethylsulfonio)propionate in anoxic marine sediments, p. 222-230. In E. S. Saltzman and W. J. Cooper (ed.), Biogenic sulfur in the environment. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
75. Kiene, R. P., and P. T. Visscher. 1987. Production and fate of methylated sulfur compounds from methionine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in anoxic salt marsh sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:2426-2434.
76. Kiene, R. P., P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.). 1996. Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
77. Kocsis, M. G., K. D. Nolte, D. Rhodes, T. L. Shen, D. A. Gage, and A. D. Hanson. 1998. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in Spartina alterniflora - evidence that S-methylmethionine and dimethylsulfoniopropylamine are intermediates. Plant Physiol. 117:273-281.
78. Kwint, R. L., J., X. Irigoien, and K. J. M. Kramer. 1996. Copepods and DMSP, p. 239-252. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
79. Kwint, R. L. J., and K. J. M. Kramer. 1995. Dimethylsulfide production by plankton communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 121:227-237.
80. Kwint, R. L. J., P. Quist, T. A. Hansen, L. Dijkhuizen, and K. J. M. Kramer. 1996. Turnover of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide in the marine environment: a mesocosm experiment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 145:223-232.
81. Lancelot, C., and G. Billen. 1985. Carbon-nitrogen relationships in nutrient metabolism of coastal marine ecosystems. Adv. Aquat. Microbiol. 3:263-321.
82. Larher, F., J. Hamelin, and G. R. Stewart. 1977. L'acide diméthylsulfonium-5 propanoique de Spartina anglica. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 16:2019-2020.
83. Leck, C., U. Larsson, L. E. Bågander, S. Johansson, and S. Hajdu. 1990. Dimethyl sulfide in the Baltic Sea: annual variability in relation to biological activity. J. Geophys. Res. 95:3353-3363.
84. Ledyard, K. M., and J. W. H. Dacey. 1994. Dimethylsulfide production from dimethylsulfoniopropionate by a marine bacterium. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 110:95-103.
85. Ledyard, K. M., and J. W. H. Dacey. 1996. Kinetics of DMSP-lyase activity in coastal waters, p. 325-335. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
86. Ledyard, K. M., and J. W. H. Dacey. 1996. Microbial cycling of DMSP and DMS in coastal and oligotrophic seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:33-40.
87. Ledyard, K. M., E. F. DeLong, and J. W. H. Dacey. 1993. Characterization of a DMSP-degrading bacterial isolate from the Sargasso Sea. Arch. Microbiol. 160:312-318.
88. Lovelock, J. E., R. J. Maggs, and R. A. Rasmussen. 1972. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and the natural sulfur cycle. Nature 237:452-453.
89. Malin, G. 1996. The role of DMSP and DMS in the global sulfur cycle and climate regulation, p. 177-189. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
90. Malin, G., P. S. Liss, and S. M. Turner. 1994. Dimethyl sulfide: production and atmospheric consequences, p. 303-320. In J. C. Green and B. S. C. Leadbeater (ed.), The haptophyte algae. Clarendon, London, UK.
91. Matrai, P., and M. D. Keller. 1993. DMS in a large scale coccolithophore bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Cont. Shelf Res. 13:831-843.
92. Matrai, P. A., and M. D. Keller. 1994. Total organic sulfur and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in marine phytoplankton: intracellular variations. Mar. Biol. 119:61-68.
93. Mechard, M. J., and W. R. Rayburn. 1979. Volatile organic sulfides from freshwater algae. J. Phycol. 15:379-383.
94. Middelboe, M. M. Sondergaard, Y. Letarte, and N. H. Borch. 1995. Attached and free-living bacteria: production and polymer hydrolysis during a diatom bloom. Microb. Ecol. 29:231-248.
95. Mopper, K., and B. F. Taylor. 1986. Biogeochemical cycling of sulfur-thiols in coastal marine sediments, p. 324-339. In M. Sohn (ed.), Organic marine geochemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
96. Mullins, T. D. T. B. Britschgi, R. L. Krest, and S. J. Giovannoni. 1995. Genetic comparisons reveal the same unknown bacterial lineages in Atlantic and Pacific bacterioplankton communities. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:148-158.
97. Nedwell, D. B., M. T. Shabbeer, and R. M. Harrison. 1994. Dimethyl sulfide in North Sea waters and sediments. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 39:209-217.
98. Nguyen, B. C., S. Belviso, N. Mihalopoulos, J. Gostan, and P. Nival. 1988. Dimethyl sulfide production during natural phytoplanktonic blooms. Mar. Chem. 24:133-142.
99. Niki, T., M. Kunugi, K. Kohata, and A. Otsuki. 1997. Annual monitoring of DMS-producing bacteria in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in relation to DMSP, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 156:17-24.
100. Niki, T., M. Kunugi, and A. Otsuki. 2000. DMSP-lyase activity in five marine phytoplankton species: its potential importance in DMS production. Mar. Biol. 136:759-764.
101. Nishiguchi, M. K., and L. J. Golf. 1995. Isolation, purification, and characterization DMSP lyase (dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase (4.4.1.3) from the red alga Polysiphonia paniculata. J. Phycol. 31:567-574.
102. Otte, M. L., and J. T. Morris. 1994. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Aquat. Bot. 48:239-259.
103. Pakulski, J. D., and R. P. Kiene. 1992. Foliar release of dimethylsulfoniopropionate from Spartina alterniflora. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 81:277-287.
104. Paquet, L., B. Rathinasabapathi, H. Saini, L., Zamir, D. A. Gage, Z.-H. Huang, and A. D. Hanson. 1994. Accumulation of the compatible solute 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate in sugarcane and its relatives, but not other gramineous crops. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21:37-48.
105. Pomeroy, L. R., and W. J. Wiebe. 1993. Energy sources from microbial food webs. Mar. Microb. Food Webs 7:101-118.
106. Scarratt, M., G. Cantin, M. Levasseur, and S. Michaud. 2000. Particle size-fractioned kinetics of DMS production: where does DMSP cleavage occur in the microscale. J. Sea Res. 43:245-252.
107. Simó, R., S. D. Archer, C. Pedró-Alió, L. Gilpin, and C. E. Stelfox-Widdicombe. 2002. Coupled dynamics of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide cycling and the microbial food web in surface waters of the North Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47:53-61.
108. Smith, D. C., G. F. Steward, R. A. Long, and F. Azam. 1995. Bacterial mediation of carbon fluxes during a diatom bloom in a mesocosm. Deep Sea Res. 42:75-97.
109. Stefels, J., and L. Dijkhuizen. 1996. Characteristics of DMSP-lyase in Phaeocystis sp. (Prymnesiophyceae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Set. 131:307-313.
110. Stefels, J., and W. H. M. van Boekel. 1993. Production of DMS from dissolved DMSP in axenic cultures of the marine phytoplankton species Phaeocystis sp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 97:11-18.
111. Steinke, M., G. Malin, S. D. Archer, P. H. Burkill, and P. S. Liss. 2002. DMS production in a cocclithophorid bloom: evidence for the importance of dinoflagellate DMSP lyases. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 26:259-270.
112. Steinke, M., G. V. Wolfe, and G. O. Kirst. 1998. Partial characterization of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase isozymes in 6 strains of Emiliania huxleyi. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Set. 175:215-225.
113. Steudler, P. A., and B. J. Peterson. 1984. Contribution of gaseous sulphur from salt marshes to the global sulphur cycle. Nature (London) 311:455-457.
114. Storey, R., J. Gorham, M. G. Pitman, A. D. Hanson, and D. Gage. 1993. Response of Melanthera biflora to salinity and water stress. J. Exp. Bot. 44:1551-1560.
115. Tackx, M. L. M., C. Bakker, and P. Van Rijswijk. 1990. Zooplankton grazing pressure in the Oosterschelde (the Netherlands). Neth. J. Sea Res. 25:405-415.
116. Tang, K. W. 2001. Defecation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by the copepod Acartia tonsa as functions of ambient food concentration and body DMSP content. J. Plankton Res. 23:549-553.
117. Tang, K. W., D. R. Rogers, H. G. Dam, and P. T. Visscher. 2000. Seasonal distribution of DMSP among seston, dissolved matter and zooplankton along a transect in the Long Island Sound estuary. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 206:1-11.
118. Tang, W., P. T. Visscher, and H. G. Dam. 2001. DMSP-consuming bacteria associated with the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 256:185-198.
119. Taylor, B. F., and D. C. Gilchrist. 1991. New routes of aerobic biodegradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:3581-3584.
120. Turner, S. M., G. Malin, P. S. Liss, D. S. Harbour, and P. M. Holligan. 1998. The seasonal variation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations in nearshore waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 33:364-375.
121. Vairavamurthy, A., M. O. Andreae, and R. L. Iverson. 1985. Biosynthesis of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylpropiothetin by Hymenomonas carterae in relation to sulfur sources and salinity variations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30:59-70.
122. Van Bergeijk, S. A., and L. J. Stal. 2001. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide in the marine flatworm Convoluta roscoffensis and its algal symbiont. Mar. Biol. 138:209-216.
123. Van Bergeijk, S. A., and L. J. Stal. 1996. The role of oxygenic phototrophic microorganisms in production and conversion of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and dimethylsulfide in microbial mats, p. 369-379. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
124. van Boekel, W. H. M., F. C. Hansen, R. Riegman, and R. P. M. Bak. 1992. Lysis-induced decline of a Phaeocystis spring bloom and coupling with the microbial foodweb. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Set. 81:269-276.
125. van der Maarel, M. J. E. C., W. Aukema, and T. A. Hansen. 1996. Purification and characterization of a dimethylsulfoniopropionate cleavage enzyme from Desulfovibrio acrylicus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 143:241-245.
126. van der Maarel, M. J. E. C., and T. A. Hansen. 1996. Anaerobic microorganisms involved in the degradation of DMS(P), p. 351-360. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
127. van der Maarel, M. J. E. C., P. Quist, L. Dijkhuizen, and T. A. Hansen. 1993. Anaerobic degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to 3-S-methylmercaptopropionate by a marine Desulfobacterium strain. Arch. Microbiol. 160:411-412.
128. van der Maarel, M. J. E. C., S. van Bergeijk, A. F. van werkhoven, A. M. Laverman, W. G. Meijer, W. T. Stam, and T. A. Han. 1996. Cleavage of dimethytsulfoniopropionate and reduction of acrylate by Desulfovibrio acrylicus sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 166:109-115.
129. van der Maarel, M. J. E. C., M. Jansen, and T. A. Hansen. 1995. Methanogenic conversion of 3-S-methylmercaptopropionate to 3-mercaptopropionate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:48-51.
130. van Duyl, F. C., W. W. C. Gieskes, A. J. Kop, and W. E. Lewis. 1998. Biological control of short-term variations in the concentration of DMSP and DMS during a Phaecystis spring bloom. J. Sea Res. 40:221-231.
131. Visscher, P. T., M. R. Diaz, and B. F. Taylor. 1992. Enumeration of bacteria which cleave or demethylate dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Caribbean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89:293-296.
132. Visscher, P. T., R. P. Kiene, and B. F. Taylor. 1994. Demethylation and cleavage of demethylsulfoniopropionate in marine intertidal sediments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14:179-190.
133. Wagner, C., and E. R. Stadtman. 1962. Bacterial fermentation of dimethyl-β-propiothetin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 98:331-336.
134. Wakeham, S. G., B. L. Howes, J. W. H. Dacey, R. P. Schwarzenbach, and J. Zeyer. 1987. Biogeochemistry of dimethylsulfide in a seasonaily stratified coastal salt pond. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51:1675-1684.
135. Wolfe, G. V. 1996. Accumulation of dissolved DMSP by marine bacteria and its degradation via bacterivory, p. 277-291. In R. P. Kiene, P. T. Visscher, M. D. Keller, and G. O. Kirst (ed.), Biological and environmental chemistry of DMSP and related sulfonium compounds. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
136. Wolfe, G. V., E. B. Sherr, and B. F. Sherr. 1994. Release and consumption of DMSP from Emiliania huxleyi during grazing by Oxyrrhis marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111:111-119.
137. Wolfe, G. V., and M. Steinke. 1996. Grazing-activated production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by two clones of Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:1151-1160.
138. Yoch, D. C., J. H. Ansede, and K. S. Rabinowitz. 1997. Evidence for intracellular and extracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyases and DMSP uptake sites on two species of marine bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3182-3188.
139. Yoch, D. C., R. H. Carraway, R. Friedman, and N. Kulkarni. 2001. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production from dimethylsulfoniopropionate by fresh-water river sediments: phylogeny of gram-positive DMS-producing isolates. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 37:31-37.
140. Zimmer-Faust, R., M. P. de Souza, and D. C. Yoch. 1996. Bacterial chemotaxis and its potential in marine dimethylsulfide production and biogeochemical sulfur cycling. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:1330-1334.
141. Zubkov, M. V., B. M. Fuchs, S. D. Archer, R. P. Kiene, R. Amann, and P. H. Burkill. 2001, Linking the composition of bacterioplankton to rapid turnover of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate in an algal bloom in the North Sea. Environ. Microbiol. 3:304-311.