Vegetarian nutrition: Past, present, future

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 100, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2014, Pages

  Leitzmann, Claus ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; CONFERENCE PAPER; EUROPE; HUMAN; MALNUTRITION; MIDDLE AGES; NUTRITION; PERSONALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOCIETY; VEGAN; VEGETARIAN; VEGETARIAN DIET; WELLBEING; ANIMAL; ANIMAL WELFARE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HISTORY; PUBLIC OPINION;

ANIMAL WELFARE; ANIMALS; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DIET, VEGETARIAN; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HISTORY, MEDIEVAL; HUMANS; PUBLIC OPINION;

EID: 84903848442     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071365     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (52)

1. Milton K. The critical role played by animal source foods in human (Homo) evolution. J Nutr 2003;133 (suppl):3886S-92S. (Pubitemid 37392568)
2. Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Müller MJ, Oberritter H, Schulze M, et al. Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2012;51:637-63.
3. Gil A, Ortega RM, Maldonado J. Wholegrain cereals and bread: a duet of the Mediterranean diet for the prevention of chronic diseases. Public Health Nutr 2011;14:2316-22.
4. Hu FB. Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78 (suppl):544S-51S. (Pubitemid 40012548)
5. Martin C, Zhang Y, Tonelli C, Petroni K. Plants, diet, and health. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2013;64:19-46.
6. Spencer C. Vegetarianism: a history. Hanover, NH: Grub Street, 2001.
7. Burkitt DP, Trowell HC. Dietary fibre and Western diseases. Ir Med J 1977;70:272-7. (Pubitemid 8126842)
8. Keys A. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.
9. Trowell HC, Burkitt DP. Western diseases: their emergence and prevention. London, United Kingdom: Edward Arnold, 1981.
10. Sabaté J. The public health risk-to-benefit ratio of vegetarian diets: changing paradigms. In: Sabaté J, ed. Vegetarian nutrition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001:19-30.
11. Sabaté J. The contribution of vegetarian diets to health and disease: a paradigm shift? Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78 (suppl):502S-7S. (Pubitemid 40012540)
12. Leitzmann C, Oltersdorf U. Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Ernährungssituation in Entwicklungsländern. [Possibilities to improve the nutrition situation in developing countries.] Cologne, Germany: Weltforum, 1981 (in German).
13. Glasauer P, Leitzmann C. Food aid in disasters. Stuttgart, Germany: Diakonisches Werk, 1982.
14. Dagnelie PC, van Staveren WA. Macrobiotic nutrition and child health: results of a population-based, mixed-longitudinal cohort study in The Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59 (suppl):1187S-96S. (Pubitemid 24144899)
15. MacLean WC, Graham GG. Vegetarianism in children. Am J Dis Child 1980;134:513-9. (Pubitemid 10068673)
16. Appleby PN, Thorogood M, Mann JI, Key T. Low body mass index in non-meat-eaters: the possible roles of animal fat, dietary fibre and alcohol. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:454-60. (Pubitemid 28211974)
17. Fraser GE. Association between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventhday Adventist. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70 (suppl):532S-8S. (Pubitemid 29407133)
18. Key TJ, Appleby PN, Spencer EA, Travis RC, Roddam AW, Allen NE. Mortality in British vegetarians: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89 (suppl):1613S-9S.
19. Tonstad S, Stewart K, Oda K, Batech M, Herring RP, Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013;23:292-9.
20. Ezzati M, Riboli E. Behavioral and dietary risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. N Engl J Med 2013;369:954-64.
21. Marsh K, Zeuschner C, Saunders A. Health implications of a vegetarian diet: a review. Am J Lifestyle Med 2012;6:250-67.
22. Watzl B, Leitzmann C. Bioaktive Substanzen in Lebensmitteln. [Phytochemicals in food.] 3rd ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Hippokrates, 2005 (in German).
23. González-Vallinas M, González-Castejón M, Rodríguez-Casado A, Ramírez de Molina A. Dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention and therapy: a complementary approach with promising perspectives. Nutr Rev 2013;71:585-99.
24. Nile SH, Park SW. Edible berries: review on bioactive components and their effect on human health. Nutrition 2014;30:134-44.
25. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR, 2007.
26. Pan A, Schulze MB, Stampfer MJ, Sun Q, Willett WC, Bernstein AM, Manson JE, Hu FB. Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies. Arch Intern Med 2012;172: 555-63.
27. Leitzmann C. Vegetarian diets: what are the advantages? In: Elmadfa I, ed. Forum nutrition 57: diet diversification and health promotion. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 2005:147-56. (Pubitemid 43265044)
28. Craig WJ. Health effects of vegan diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89 (suppl):1627S-33S.
29. Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Travis RC, Key TJ. Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97:597-603.
30. Orlich MJ, Singh PN, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Knutsen S, Beeson WL, Fraser GE. Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:1230-8.
31. Pettersen BJ, Anousheh R, Fan J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: results from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). Public Health Nutr 2012;15: 1909-16.
32. Tantamango-Bartley Y, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Fraser G. Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013;22:286-94.
33. Leitzmann C, Keller M. Vegetarische Ernährung. [Vegetarian nutrition.] 3rd ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Ulmer, 2013 (in German).
34. The Vegetarian Resource Group. How many vegetarians are there? Available from: http://www.vrg.org/press/2009poll.htm (cited 27 September 2011).
35. Deutscher Fleischer-Verband (German Butcher's Association). Geschäftsbericht. [Annual report.] Frankfurt, Germany: Deutscher Fleischer-Verband, 2012:41 (in German).
36. Daniel CR, Cross AJ, Koebnick C, Sinha R. Trends in meat consumption in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2011;14:575-83.
37. Delgado CL. Rising consumption of meat and milk in developing countries has created a new food revolution. J Nutr 2003;133 (suppl): 3907S-10S. (Pubitemid 37392570)
38. Waldmann A, Koschizke JW, Leitzmann C, Hahn A. Dietary intakes and lifestyle factors of a vegan population in Germany: results from the German Vegan Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57:947-55. (Pubitemid 36987242)
39. Souci SW, FachmannW, Kraut H. Die Zusammensetzung der Lebensmittel. Nährwert-Tabellen. [The composition of foods. Nutrition tables.] Stuttgart, Germany: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 7th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008 (in German).
40. Koebnick C, Garcia AL, Dagnelie PC, Strassner C, Lindemans J, Katz N, Leitzmann C, Hoffmann I. Long-term consumption of a raw food diet is associated with favorable serum LDL cholesterol and triglycerides but also with elevated plasma homocysteine and low serum HDL cholesterol in humans. J Nutr 2005;135:2372-8. (Pubitemid 41429593)
41. Oberritter H, Schäbethal K, von Ruesten A, Boeing H. The DGE Nutrition Circle-presentation and basis of the food-related recommendations from the German Nutrition Society (DGE). Ernaehrungs-Umschau International 2013;2:24-29.
42. Koerber KV, Maennle T, Leitzmann C. Vollwert-Ernährung. [Wholesome nutrition.] 11th ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Haug, 2012 (in German).
43. Department of Health. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. No. 41. London, United Kingdom: Department of Health UK 2006.
44. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008.
45. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Ernährungsforschung, Schweizerische Vereinigung für Ernährung, eds. Reference values for nutrient intake. Frankfurt, Germany: Umschau Braus, 2002 (in German).
46. Leitzmann C. Nutrition ecology: the contributions of vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78 (suppl):657S-9S. (Pubitemid 40012562)
47. Hoffmann I, Schneider K, Leitzmann C, eds. Ernährungsökologie. [Nutrition ecology.] Munich, Germany: Oekom, 2011 (in German).
48. Leitzmann C, Cannon G, eds. The new nutrition science. Publ Health Nutr 2005;8 (6A):667-804.
49. The Giessen Declaration. Public Health Nutr 2005;8 (6A):783-6.
50. FAO. Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options. Rome, Italy: FAO, 2006.
51. Marlow HJ, Hayes WK, Soret S, Carter RL, Schwab ER, Sabaté J. Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter? Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89 (suppl):1699S-703S.
52. Macdiarmid JI, Kyle J, Horgan GW, Loe J, Fyfe C, Johnstone A, McNeill G. Sustainable diets for the future: can we contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eating a healthy diet? Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:632-9.