Pseudomonas biofilms: Possibilities of their control

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

Volumn 89, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-14

  Masák, Jan ^a   Čejková, Alena ^a   Schreiberová, Olga ^a   Řezanka, Tomáš ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

^b INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Biofilm control; Natural compounds; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum sensing

Indexed keywords

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; BACTERIUM; BIOFILM; INHIBITION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; PHENOTYPE; SIGNALING;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BIOFILM; BIOFILM CONTROL; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; NATURAL COMPOUNDS; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT DISEASE; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION; QUORUM SENSING;

BIOFILM CONTROL; NATURAL COMPOUNDS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; QUORUM SENSING;

ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BIOFILMS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; PHENOTYPE; PLANT DISEASES; PSEUDOMONAS; PSEUDOMONAS INFECTIONS; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY;

EID: 84903569950     PISSN: 01686496     EISSN: 15746941     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12344     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Adonizio A, Kong KF & Mathee K (2008) Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factor production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by south Florida plant extracts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 198-203.
2. Alkawash MA, Soothill JS & Schiller NL (2006) Alginate lyase enhances antibiotic killing of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms. APMIS 114: 131-138.
3. Allesen-Holm M, Barken KB, Yang L, Klausen M, Webb JS, Kjelleberg S, Molin S, Givskov M & Tolker-Nielsen T (2006) A characterization of DNA release in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures and biofilms. Mol Microbiol 59: 1114-1128.
4. Antoniani D, Bocci P, MacIa̧g A, Raffaelli N & Landini P (2010) Monitoring of diguanylate cyclase activity and of cyclic-di-GMP biosynthesis by whole-cell assays suitable for high-throughput screening of biofilm inhibitors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85: 1095-1104.
5. Antoniani D, Rossi E, Rinaldo S, Bocci P, Lolicato M, Paiardini A, Raffaelli N, Cutruzzolà F & Landini P (2013) The immunosuppressive drug azathioprine inhibits biosynthesis of the bacterial signal molecule cyclic-di-GMP by interfering with intracellular nucleotide pool availability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97: 7325-7336.
6. Badireddy AR, Marinakos SM, Wiesner MR & Chellam S (2013) Lipophilic nano-bismuth inhibits bacterial growth, attachment, and biofilm formation. Surf Innovations 1: 181-189.
7. Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PØ, Rasmussen TB et al. (2005) Garlic blocks quorum sensing and promotes rapid clearing of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Microbiology 151: 3873-3880.
8. Bjerkan G, Witso E & Bergh K (2009) Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro. Acta Orthop 80: 245-250.
9. Borlee BR, Goldman AD, Murakami K, Samudrala R, Wozniak DJ & Parsek MR (2010) Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a cyclic-di-GMP-regulated adhesin to reinforce the biofilm extracellular matrix. Mol Microbiol 75: 827-842.
10. Castillo-Juárez I, García-Contreras R, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Soto-Hernández M & Martínez-Vázquez M (2013) Amphypterygium adstringens anacardic acid mixture inhibits quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch Med Res 44: 488-494.
11. Cernohorska L & Votava M (2008) Antibiotic synergy against biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Folia Microbiol 53: 57-60.
12. Chen X & Stewart PS (2000) Biofilm removal caused by chemical treatments. Water Res 34: 4229-4233.
13. Cheow WS, Chang MW & Hadinoto K (2011) The roles of lipid in anti-biofilm efficacy of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating antibiotics. Colloids Surf A 389: 158-165.
14. Cho HS, Lee J-H, Ryu SY, Joo SW, Cho MH & Lee J (2013) Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formation by plant metabolite ε-viniferin. J Agric Food Chem 61: 7120-7126.
15. Chu W, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Zhu W, Zhuang X & Fu J (2013) Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine with antiquorum sensing activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2013: 648257.
16. Chusri S, Jittanon W, Maneenoon K & Voravuthikunchai SP (2013) An effective antibiofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm from traditional Thai herbal recipes used for wound treatments. Microb Drug Resist 19: 337-343.
17. Coelho FL & Pereira MO (2013) Exploring new treatment strategies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infections based on plant essential oils. Microbial Pathogens and Strategies for Combating them: Science, Technology and Education, Vol. 1 (Méndez-Vilas A, ed), pp. 83-89. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz.
18. Consoli GML, Granata G, Cafiso V, Stefani S & Geraci C (2011) Multivalent calixarene-based C-fucosyl derivative: a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibitor. Tetrahedron Lett 52: 5831-5834.
19. Cornelissen A, Ceyssens P-J, Krylov VN, Noben J-P, Volckaert G & Lavigne R (2012) Identification of EPS-degrading activity within the tail spikes of the novel Pseudomonas putida phage AF. Virology 434: 251-256.
20. D'Abrosca B, Buommino E, D'Angelo G, Coretti L, Scognamiglio M, Severino V, Pacifico S, Donnarumma G & Fiorentino A (2013) Spectroscopic identification and anti-biofilm properties of polar metabolites from the medicinal plant Helichrysum italicum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioorg Med Chem 21: 7038-7046.
21. Dane EL, Ballok AE, O'Toole GA & Grinstaff MW (2014) Synthesis of bioinspired carbohydrate amphiphiles that promote and inhibit biofilms. Chem Sci 5: 551-557.
22. Davey ME, Caiazza NC & O'Toole GA (2003) Rhamnolipid surfactant production affects biofilm architecture in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J Bacteriol 185: 1027-1036.
23. Davies DG, Parsek MR, Pearson JP, Iglewski BH, Costerton JW & Greenberg EP (1998) The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm. Science 280: 295-298.
24. de Faria AF, Martinez DST, Meira SMM, de Moraes ACM, Brandelli A, Filho AGS & Alves OL (2014) Anti-adhesion and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide sheets. Colloids Surf B 113: 115-124.
25. de Kievit TR (2009) Quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Environ Microbiol 11: 279-288.
26. Deng Y, Boon C, Chen S, Lim A & Zhang LH (2013) Cis-2-dodecenoic acid signal modulates virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through interference with quorum sensing systems and T3SS. BMC Microbiol 13: 231.
27. Diggikar R, Patil R, Kale S, Thombre D, Gade W, Kulkarni M & Kale B (2013) Silver-decorated orthorhombic nanotubes of lithium vanadium oxide: an impeder of bacterial growth and biofilm. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97: 8283-8290.
28. Ding X, Yin B, Qian L, Zeng Z, Yang Z, Li H, Lu Y & Zhou S (2011) Screening for novel quorum-sensing inhibitors to interfere with the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. J Med Microbiol 60: 1827-1834.
29. Donnelly RF, McCarron PA, Cassidy CM, Elborn JS & Tunney MM (2007) Delivery of photosensitisers and light through mucus: investigations into the potential use of photodynamic therapy for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis pulmonary infection. J Control Release 117: 217-226.
30. Dynes JJ, Lawrence JR, Korber DR, Swerhone GDW, Leppard GG & Hitchcock AP (2009) Morphological and biochemical changes in Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms induced by sub-inhibitory exposure to antimicrobial agents. Can J Microbiol 55: 163-178.
31. Elias S & Banin E (2012) Multi-species biofilms: living with friendly neighbors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 36: 990-1004.
32. Friedman L & Kolter R (2004) Genes involved in matrix formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 biofilms. Mol Microbiol 51: 675-690.
33. Fulghesu L, Giallorenzo C & Savoia D (2007) Evaluation of different compounds as quorum sensing inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Chemother 19: 388-390.
34. Gambello MJ & Iglewski BH (1991) Cloning and characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasR gene, a transcriptional activator of elastase expression. J Bacteriol 173: 3000-3009.
35. Hentzer M, Riedel K, Rasmussen TB et al. (2002) Inhibition of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria by a halogenated furanone compound. Microbiology 148: 87-102.
36. Heydorn A, Ersbøll BK, Hentzer M, Parsek MR, Givskov M & Molin S (2000) Experimental reproducibility in flow-chamber biofilms. Microbiology 146: 2409-2415.
37. Hoffman LR, D'Argenio DA, MacCoss MJ, Zhang Z, Jones RA & Miller SI (2005) Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce bacterial biofilm formation. Nature 436: 1171-1175.
38. Hübner NO, Matthes R, Koban I, Rändler C, Müller G, Bender C, Kindel E, Kocher T & Kramer A (2010) Efficacy of chlorhexidine, polihexanide and tissue-tolerable plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on polystyrene and silicone materials. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 23: 28-34.
39. Husain FM, Ahmad I, Asif M & Tahseen Q (2013) Influence of clove oil on certain quorum-sensing-regulated functions and biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. J Biosci 38: 835-844.
40. Jagani S, Chelikani R & Kim DS (2009) Effects of phenol and natural phenolic compounds on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofouling 25: 321-324.
41. Jakobsen TH, Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PO, Givskov M & Høiby N (2013) Targeting quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: current and emerging inhibitors. Future Microbiol 8: 901-921.
42. Janek T, Łukaszewicz M & Krasowska A (2012) Antiadhesive activity of the biosurfactant pseudofactin II secreted by the Arctic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5. BMC Microbiol 12: 24.
43. Jaramillo-Colorado B, Olivero-Verbel J, Stashenko EE, Wagner-Döbler I & Kunze B (2012) Anti-quorum sensing activity of essential oils from Colombian plants. Nat Prod Res 26: 1075-1086.
44. Kjelleberg S, Steinberg P, Givskov M, Gram L, Manefield M & De Nys R (1997) Do marine natural products interfere with prokaryotic AHL regulatory systems? Aquat Microb Ecol 13: 85-93.
45. Kolodkin-Gal I, Romero D, Cao S, Clardy J, Kolter R & Losick R (2010) D-Amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly. Science 328: 627-629.
46. Kolodkin-Gal I, Cao S, Chai L, Böttcher T, Kolter R, Clardy J & Losick R (2012) A self-produced trigger for biofilm disassembly that targets exopolysaccharide. Cell 149: 684-692.
47. Kreft JU & Wimpenny JWT (2001) Effect of EPS on biofilm structure and function as revealed by an individual-based model of biofilm growth. Water Sci Technol 43: 135-141.
48. Kumar A & Ting YP (2013) Effect of sub-inhibitory antibacterial stress on bacterial surface properties and biofilm formation. Colloids Surf B 111: 747-754.
49. Kumar L, Chhibber S & Harjai K (2013) Zingerone inhibit biofilm formation and improve antibiofilm efficacy of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Fitoterapia 90: 73-78.
50. Lampp JW & Griswold KE (2013) Alginate lyase exhibits catalysis-independent biofilm dispersion and antibiotic synergy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57: 137-145.
51. Lee J-H, Cho MH & Lee J (2011) 3-Indolylacetonitrile decreases Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formation and Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. Environ Microbiol 13: 62-73.
52. Lee J-H, Kim Y-G, Ryu SY, Cho MH & Lee J (2013) Resveratrol oligomers inhibit biofilm formation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Nat Prod 77: 168-172.
53. Li F, Yu J, Yang H, Wan Z & Bai D (2008) Effects of ambroxol on alginate of mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Curr Microbiol 57: 1-7.
54. Li Y, Xie YY, Chen RX, Xu HZ, Zhang GJ, Li JZ & Li XM (2009) Effects of combined treatment with sansanmycin and macrolides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and formation of biofilm. Biomed Environ Sci 22: 170-177.
55. Lieleg O, Caldara M, Baumgärtel R & Ribbeck K (2011) Mechanical robustness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Soft Matter 7: 3307-3314.
56. Linares JF, Gustafsson I, Baquero F & Martinez JL (2006) Antibiotics as intermicrobial signaling agents instead of weapons. P Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 19484-19489.
57. Liu HB, Lee JH, Kim JS & Park S (2010) Inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing regulator, QscR. Biotechnol Bioeng 106: 119-126.
58. Lu Q, Yu J, Yang X, Wang J, Wang L, Lin Y & Lin L (2010) Ambroxol interferes with Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing. Int J Antimicrob Agents 36: 211-215.
59. Lungu M, Gavriliu Ş, Enescu E, Ion I, Brǎtulescu A, Mihǎescu G, Mǎruţescu L & Chifiriuc M (2013) Silver-titanium dioxide nanocomposites as effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. J Nanopart Res 16: 1-15.
60. Mandlik A, Swierczynski A, Das A & Ton-That H (2008) Pili in Gram-positive bacteria: assembly, involvement in colonization and biofilm development. Trends Microbiol 16: 33-40.
61. Mattmann ME, Shipway PM, Heth NJ & Blackwell HE (2011) Potent and selective synthetic modulators of a quorum sensing repressor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified from second-generation libraries of N-acylated L-homoserine lactones. ChemBioChem 12: 942-949.
62. Merighi M, Lee VT, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y & Lory S (2007) The second messenger bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic-GMP and its PilZ domain-containing receptor Alg44 are required for alginate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 65: 876-895.
63. Mikkelsen H, Sivaneson M & Filloux A (2011) Key two-component regulatory systems that control biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 13: 1666-1681.
64. Morales DK, Grahl N, Okegbe C, Dietrich LE, Jacobs NJ & Hogan DA (2013) Control of Candida albicans metabolism and biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenazines. MBio 4: e00526-12.
65. Murugan K, Sangeetha S, Kalyanasundaram VB & Al-sohaibani S (2013) In vitro and in silico screening for Andrographis paniculata quorum sensing mimics: new therapeutic leads for cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Plant Omics 6: 340-346.
66. Musk DJ, Banko DA & Hergenrother PJ (2005) Iron salts perturb biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chem Biol 12: 789-796.
67. Naik K & Kowshik M (2014) Anti-biofilm efficacy of low temperature processed AgCl-TiO2 nanocomposite coating. Mater Sci Eng, C 34: 62-68.
68. Nikolaev YA & Plakunov VK (2007) Biofilm-"City of microbes" or an analogue of multicellular organisms? Microbiology 76: 125-138.
69. Ochsner UA, Koch AK, Fiechter A & Reiser J (1994) Isolation and characterization of a regulatory gene affecting rhamnolipid biosurfactant synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 176: 2044-2054.
70. Ohana P, Delmer DP, Carlson RW, Glushka J, Azadi P, Bacic T & Benziman M (1998) Identification of a novel triterpenoid saponin from Pisum sativum as a specific inhibitor of the diguanylate cyclase of Acetobacter xylinum. Plant Cell Physiol 39: 144-152.
71. Øiseth SK, Krozer A, Kasemo B & Lausmaa J (2002) Surface modification of spin-coated high-density polyethylene films by argon and oxygen glow discharge plasma treatments. Appl Surf Sci 202: 92-103.
72. O'Loughlin CT, Miller LC, Siryaporn A, Drescher K, Semmelhack MF & Bassler BL (2013) A quorum-sensing inhibitor blocks Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation. P Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 17981-17986.
73. Orgaz B, Kives J, Pedregosa AM, Monistrol IF, Laborda F & SanJosé C (2006) Bacterial biofilm removal using fungal enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 40: 51-56.
74. Parellada EA, Ramos AN, Ferrero M, Cartagena E, Bardón A & Neske A (2012) Effect of the annonaceous acetogenins, squamocin and laherradurin, on the degradation of naphthalene mediated by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida J26. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 72: 82-87.
75. Parellada EA, Ferrero M, Cartagena E, Bardón A & Neske A (2013) Laherradurin, a natural stressor, stimulates QS mechanism involved in biofilm formation of a PAHs degrading bacterium. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 85: 78-84.
76. Pearson JP, Pesci EC & Iglewski BH (1997) Roles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa las and rhl quorum-sensing systems in control of elastase and rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes. J Bacteriol 179: 5756-5767.
77. Persson T, Hansen TH, Rasmussen TB, Skindersø ME, Givskov M & Nielsen J (2005) Rational design and synthesis of new quorum-sensing inhibitors derived from acylated homoserine lactones and natural products from garlic. Org Biomol Chem 3: 253-262.
78. Pesci EC, Milbank JBJ, Pearson JP, McKnight S, Kende AS, Greenberg EP & Iglewski BH (1999) Quinolone signaling in the cell-to-cell communication system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 11229-11234.
79. Plyuta V, Zaitseva J, Lobakova E, Zagoskina N, Kuznetsov A & Khmel I (2013a) Effect of plant phenolic compounds on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. APMIS 121: 1073-1081.
80. Plyuta VA, Lipasova VA, Kuznetsov AE & Khmel IA (2013b) Effect of salicylic, indole-3-acetic, gibberellic, and abscisic acids on biofilm formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl Biochem Microbiol 49: 706-710.
81. Puckett SD, Taylor E, Raimondo T & Webster TJ (2010) The relationship between the nanostructure of titanium surfaces and bacterial attachment. Biomaterials 31: 706-713.
82. Qian Z, Sagers RD & Pitt WG (1997) The effect of ultrasonic frequency upon enhanced killing of P. aeruginosa biofilms. Ann Biomed Eng 25: 69-76.
83. Ramos I, Dietrich LEP, Price-Whelan A & Newman DK (2010) Phenazines affect biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in similar ways at various scales. Res Microbiol 161: 187-191.
84. Rasmussen TB, Bjarnsholt T, Skindersoe ME, Hentzer M, Kristoffersen P, Köte M, Nielsen J, Eberl L & Givskov M (2005) Screening for quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI) by use of a novel genetic system, the QSI selector. J Bacteriol 187: 1799-1814.
85. Rendueles O & Ghigo JM (2012) Multi-species biofilms: how to avoid unfriendly neighbors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 36: 972-989.
86. Rodrigue A, Quentin Y, Lazdunski A, Mejean V & Foglino M (2000) Two-component systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: why so many? Trends Microbiol 8: 498-504.
87. Sadovskaya I, Vinogradov E, Li J, Hachani A, Kowalska K & Filloux A (2010) High-level antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: the ndvB gene is involved in the production of highly glycerol-phosphorylated β(1→3)-glucans, which bind aminoglycosides. Glycobiology 20: 895-904.
88. Sambanthamoorthy K, Sloup RE, Parashar V, Smith JM, Kim EE, Semmelhack MF, Neiditch MB & Waters CM (2012) Identification of small molecules that antagonize diguanylate cyclase enzymes to inhibit biofilm formation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56: 5202-5211.
89. Sambanthamoorthy K, Luo C, Pattabiraman N, Feng X, Koestler B, Waters CM & Palys TJ (2014) Identification of small molecules inhibiting diguanylate cyclases to control bacterial biofilm development. Biofouling 30: 17-28.
90. Sharma G, Rao S, Bansal A, Dang S, Gupta S & Gabrani R (2014) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: potential therapeutic targets. Biologicals 42: 1-7.
91. Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP & Welsh MJ (2002) A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development. Nature 417: 552-555.
92. Soumya EA, Saad IK, Hassan L, Ghizlane Z, Hind M & Adnane R (2011) Carvacrol and thymol components inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence and biofilm formation. Afr J Microbiol Res 5: 3229-3232.
93. Stetinova V, Herout V & Kvetina J (2004) In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of ambroxol. Clin Exp Med 4: 152-158.
94. Suh S-J, Silo-Suh L, Woods DE, Hassett DJ, West SEH & Ohman DE (1999) Effect of rpoS mutation on the stress response and expression of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 181: 3890-3897.
95. Sullivan M, Kia AF-A, Long M, Walsh M, Kavanagh K, McClean S & Creaven BS (2014) Isolation and characterisation of silver(I) complexes of substituted coumarin-4-carboxylates which are effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Polyhedron 67: 549-559.
96. Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy IA, Agilandeswari P, Musthafa KS, Karutha Pandian S & Veera Ravi A (2012) Antibiofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory potential of Cuminum cyminum and its secondary metabolite methyl eugenol against Gram negative bacterial pathogens. Food Res Int 45: 85-92.
97. Taylor EN, Kummer KM, Dyondi D, Webster TJ & Banerjee R (2014) Multi-scale strategy to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa on surfaces using solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with free fatty acids. Nanoscale 6: 825-832.
98. Toté K, Berghe DV, Deschacht M, de Wit K, Maes L & Cos P (2009) Inhibitory efficacy of various antibiotics on matrix and viable mass of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 33: 525-531.
99. Triandafillu K, Balazs DJ, Aronsson BO, Descouts P, Tu Quoc P, van Delden C, Mathieu HJ & Harms H (2003) Adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to untreated and oxygen-plasma treated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) from endotracheal intubation devices. Biomaterials 24: 1507-1518.
100. Tseng LP, Juan CY, Lin SL, Doran MR, Lin JJ, Hsu SH, Liao JW, Shen CI & Su HL (2013) Nanohybrids of silver particles on clay platelets delaminate Pseudomonas biofilms. Nanomedicine: 1-14.
101. Ueda A & Wood TK (2009) Connecting quorum sensing, c-di-GMP, Pel polysaccharide, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa through tyrosine phosphatase TpbA (PA3885). PLoS Pathog 5: e1000483.
102. Ueda A, Attila C, Whiteley M & Wood TK (2009) Uracil influences quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluorouracil is an antagonist. Microb Biotechnol 2: 62-74.
103. Vallet I, Diggle SP, Stacey RE, Cámara M, Ventre I, Lory S, Lazdunski A, Williams P & Filloux A (2004) Biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: fimbrial cup gene clusters are controlled by the transcriptional regulator MvaT. J Bacteriol 186: 2880-2890.
104. Varposhti M, Abdi Ali A, Mohammadi P & Saboora A (2013) Effects of extracts and an essential oil from some medicinal plants against biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 1: 36-40.
105. Vattem DA, Mihalik K, Crixell SH & McLean RJC (2007) Dietary phytochemicals as quorum sensing inhibitors. Fitoterapia 78: 302-310.
106. Watnick P & Kolter R (2000) Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 182: 2675-2679.
107. Wenderska IB, Chong M, McNulty J, Wright GD & Burrows LL (2011) Palmitoyl-dl-Carnitine is a multitarget inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development. ChemBioChem 12: 2759-2766.
108. Whitchurch CB, Tolker-Nielsen T, Ragas PC & Mattick JS (2002) Extracellular DNA required for bacterial biofilm formation. Science 295: 1487.
109. Wood P, Caldwell DE, Evans E, Jones M, Korber DR, Wolfhaardt GM, Wilson M & Gilbert P (1998) Surface-catalysed disinfection of thick Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 84: 1092-1098.
110. Wu H, Lee B, Yang L, Wang H, Givskov M, Molin S, Høiby N & Song Z (2011) Effects of ginseng on Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility and biofilm formation. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 62: 49-56.
111. Xu KD, Franklin MJ, Park CH, McFeters GA & Stewart PS (2001) Gene expression and protein levels of the stationary phase sigma factor, RpoS, in continuously-fed Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 199: 67-71.
112. Yamada T, Takemura Y, Niisato N, Mitsuyama E, Iwasaki Y & Marunaka Y (2009) Action of N-acylated ambroxol derivatives on secretion of chloride ions in human airway epithelia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 380: 586-590.
113. Zahin M, Hasan S, Aqil F, Khan MSA, Husain FM & Ahmad I (2010) Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity. Indian J Exp Biol 48: 1219-1224.
114. Zaitseva J, Granik V, Belik A, Koksharova O & Khmel I (2009) Effect of nitrofurans and NO generators on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Burkholderia cenocepacia 370. Res Microbiol 160: 353-357.
115. Zeng Z, Qian L, Cao L, Tan H, Huang Y, Xue X, Shen Y & Zhou S (2008) Virtual screening for novel quorum sensing inhibitors to eradicate biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79: 119-126.
116. Zeng X, Liu X, Bian J, Pei G, Dai H, Polyak SW, Song F, Ma L, Wang Y & Zhang L (2011) Synergistic effect of 14-alpha-lipoyl andrographolide and various antibiotics on the formation of biofilms and production of exopolysaccharide and pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 3015-3017.