Reactivation of multiple viruses in patients with sepsis

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2014, Pages

  Walton, Andrew H ^a   Muenzer, Jared T ^a   Rasche, David ^a   Boomer, Jonathan S ^a   Sato, Bryan ^a   Brownstein, Bernard H ^a   Pachot, Alexandre ^b   Brooks, Terrence L ^a   Deych, Elena ^a   Shannon, William D ^a   Green, Jonathan M ^a   Storch, Gregory A ^a   Hotchkiss, Richard S ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b BIOMÉRIEUX   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

VIRUS DNA;

ADULT; AGED; ANELLOVIRUS; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BK VIRUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; FEMALE; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6; INTENSIVE CARE; JC VIRUS; LATENT VIRUS INFECTION; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; POLYOMA VIRUS; SECONDARY INFECTION; SEPSIS; TORQUE TENO VIRUS; VIREMIA; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REACTIVATION;

EID: 84903384937     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098819     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Vincent JL, Opal SM, Marshall JC, Tracey KJ (2013) Sepsis definitions: time for change. Lancet 381: 774-775.
2. Angus DC, van der Poll T (2013) Severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 369: 840-851.
3. Munford RS, Pugin J (2001) Normal responses to injury prevent systemic inflammation and can be immunosuppressive. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163: 316-321. (Pubitemid 32158505)
4. Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE (2003) The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 348: 138-150. (Pubitemid 36056721)
5. Cohen J, Opal S, Calandra T (2012) Sepsis studies need new direction. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 503-505.
6. Xiao W, Mindrinos MN, Seok J, Cuschieri J, Cuenca AG, et al. (2011) A genomic storm in critically injured humans. J Exp Med 208: 2581-2590.
7. Hotchkiss RS, Monneret G, Payen D (2013) Immunosuppression in sepsis: a novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach. Lancet Infect Dis 13: 260-268.
8. Angus DC (2011) The search for effective therapy for sepsis: back to the drawing board? JAMA 306: 2614-2615.
9. Dolgin E (2012) Trial failure prompts soul-searching for critical-care specialists. Nat Med 18: 1000.
10. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, et al. (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101: 1644-1655.
11. Meisel C, Schefold JC, Pschowski R, Baumann T, Hetzger K, et al. (2009) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180: 640-648.
12. Hall MW, Knatz NL, Vetterly C, Tomarello S, Wewers MD, et al. (2011) Immunoparalysis and nosocomial infection in children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intensive Care Med 37: 525-532.
13. Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, Mindrinos MN, Baker HV, et al. (2013) Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110: 3507-3512.
14. Venet F, Lukaszewicz AC, Payen D, Hotchkiss R, Monneret G (2013) Monitoring the immune response in sepsis: a rational approach to administration of immunoadjuvant therapies. Curr Opin Immunol.
15. Cook CH, Martin LC, Yenchar JK, Lahm MC, McGuinness B, et al. (2003) Occult herpes family viral infections are endemic in critically ill surgical patients. Crit Care Med 31: 1923-1929. (Pubitemid 36900745)
16. Dockrell DH (2003) Human herpesvirus 6: molecular biology and clinical features. J Med Microbiol 52: 5-18.
17. Chen Y, Bord E, Tompkins T, Miller J, Tan CS, et al. (2009) Asymptomatic reactivation of JC virus in patients treated with natalizumab. N Engl J Med 361: 1067-1074.
18. Chiche L, Forel JM, Papazian L (2011) The role of viruses in nosocomial pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis 24: 152-156.
19. Boothpur R, Brennan DC (2010) Human polyoma viruses and disease with emphasis on clinical BK and JC. J Clin Virol 47: 306-312.
20. Bruynseels P, Jorens PG, Demey HE, Goossens H, Pattyn SR, et al. (2003) Herpes simplex virus in the respiratory tract of critical care patients: a prospective study. Lancet 362: 1536-1541. (Pubitemid 37410191)
21. Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Freeman BD, Tinsley KW, Cobb JP, et al. (1999) Apoptotic cell death in patients with sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 27: 1230-1251. (Pubitemid 29379358)
22. Hotchkiss RS, Tinsley KW, Swanson PE, Schmieg RE Jr., Hui JJ, et al. (2001) Sepsis-induced apoptosis causes progressive profound depletion of B and CD4+ T lymphocytes in humans. J Immunol 166: 6952-6963. (Pubitemid 32467243)
23. Boomer JS, To K, Chang KC, Takasu O, Osborne DF, et al. (2011) Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. JAMA 306: 2594-2605.
24. Limaye AP, Kirby KA, Rubenfeld GD, Leisenring WM, Bulger EM, et al. (2008) Cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill immunocompetent patients. JAMA 300: 413-422. (Pubitemid 352040253)
25. Kalil AC, Florescu DF (2009) Prevalence and mortality associated with cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 37: 2350-2358.
26. Heininger A, Jahn G, Engel C, Notheisen T, Unertl K, et al. (2001) Human cytomegalovirus infections in nonimmunosuppressed critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 29: 541-547. (Pubitemid 32225295)
27. Linssen CF, Jacobs JA, Stelma FF, van Mook WN, Terporten P, et al. (2008) Herpes simplex virus load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is related to poor outcome in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 34: 2202-2209.
28. Luyt CE, Combes A, Deback C, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Nieszkowska A, et al. (2007) Herpes simplex virus lung infection in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175: 935-942. (Pubitemid 46684704)
29. Touinssi M, Gallian P, Biagini P, Attoui H, Vialettes B, et al. (2001) TT virus infection: prevalence of elevated viraemia and arguments for the immune control of viral load. J Clin Virol 21: 135-141. (Pubitemid 32506924)
30. Shibayama T, Masuda G, Ajisawa A, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, et al. (2001) Inverse relationship between the titre of TT virus DNA and the CD4 cell count in patients infected with HIV. AIDS 15: 563-570. (Pubitemid 32281350)
31. Focosi D, Maggi F, Albani M, Macera L, Ricci V, et al. (2010) Torquetenovirus viremia kinetics after autologous stem cell transplantation are predictable and may serve as a surrogate marker of functional immune reconstitution. J Clin Virol 47: 189-192.
32. Béland K, Dore-Nguyen M, Gagné MJ, Patey N, Brassard J, et al. (2014) Torque teno virus in children who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights about a common pathogen. J Infect Dis 209: 247-254.
33. De Vlaminck I, Khush KK, Strehl C, Kohli B, Luikart H, et al. (2013) Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy. Cell 155: 1178-1187.
34. Sanchez JL, Storch GA (2002) Multiplex, quantitative, real-time PCR assay for cytomegalovirus and human DNA. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40: 2381-2386. (Pubitemid 34747336)
35. Wandinger K, Jabs W, Siekhaus A, Bubel S, Trillenberg P, et al. (2000) Association between clinical disease activity and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in MS. Neurology 55: 178-184. (Pubitemid 30604615)
36. Espy MJ, Uhl JR, Mitchell PS, Thorvilson JN, Svien KA, et al. (2000) Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infections in the clinical laboratory by LightCycler PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 795-799. (Pubitemid 30082683)
37. Maggi F, Pifferi M, Fornai C, Andreoli E, Tempestini E, et al. (2003) TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity. Journal of Virology 77: 2418-2425. (Pubitemid 36222765)
38. Cheng XS, Bohl DL, Storch GA, Ryschkewitsch C, Gaudreault-Keener M, et al. (2011) Inhibitory interactions between BK and JC virus among kidney transplant recipients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 22: 825-831.
39. Brennan DC, Agha I, Bohl DL, Schnitzler MA, Hardinger KL, et al. (2005) Incidence of BK with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine and impact of preemptive immunosuppression reduction. Am J Transplant 5: 582-594. (Pubitemid 40313351)
40. Otto GP, Sossdorf M, Claus RA, Rodel J, Menge K, et al. (2011) The late phase of sepsis is characterized by an increased microbiological burden and death rate. Crit Care 15: R183.
41. Micek ST, Welch EC, Khan J, Pervez M, Doherty JA, et al. (2010) Empiric combination antibiotic therapy is associated with improved outcome against sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria: a retrospective analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1742-1748.
42. De Vlieger G, Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Wouters P, Wilmer A, et al. (2012) Cytomegalovirus serostatus and outcome in nonimmunocompromised critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 40: 36-42.
43. Heininger A, Haeberle H, Fischer I, Beck R, Riessen R, et al. (2011) Cytomegalovirus reactivation and associated outcome of critically ill patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care 15: R77.
44. Kalil AC, Florescu DF (2011) Is cytomegalovirus reactivation increasing the mortality of patients with severe sepsis? Crit Care 15: 138.
45. Venet F, Chung CS, Kherouf H, Geeraert A, Malcus C, et al. (2009) Increased circulating regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25 (+)CD127 (2)) contribute to lymphocyte anergy in septic shock patients. Intensive Care Med 35: 678-686.
46. Delano MJ, Scumpia PO, Weinstein JS, Coco D, Nagaraj S, et al. (2007) MyD88-dependent expansion of an immature GR-1(+)CD11b(+) population induces T cell suppression and Th2 polarization in sepsis. J Exp Med 204: 1463-1474. (Pubitemid 46919883)
47. Humar A (2006) Reactivation of viruses in solid organ transplant patients receiving cytomegalovirus prophylaxis. Transplantation 82: S9-S14.
48. Juvonen E, Aalto S, Tarkkanen J, Volin L, Hedman K, et al. (2007) Retrospective evaluation of serum Epstein Barr virus DNA levels in 406 allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Haematologica 92: 819-825. (Pubitemid 350155308)
49. Gartner B, Preiksaitis JK (2010) EBV viral load detection in clinical virology. J Clin Virol 48: 82-90.
50. Wada K, Kubota N, Ito Y, Yagasaki H, Kato K, et al. (2007) Simultaneous quantification of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6 DNA in samples from transplant recipients by multiplex real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 45: 1426-1432. (Pubitemid 46762394)
51. Kutza AS, Muhl E, Hackstein H, Kirchner H, Bein G (1998) High incidence of active cytomegalovirus infection among septic patients. Clin Infect Dis 26: 1076-1082. (Pubitemid 128751524)
52. Berrington WR, Jerome KR, Cook L, Wald A, Corey L, et al. (2009) Clinical correlates of herpes simplex virus viremia among hospitalized adults. Clin Infect Dis 49: 1295-1301.
53. Razonable RR, Fanning C, Brown RA, Espy MJ, Rivero A, et al. (2002) Selective reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 variant a occurs in critically ill immunocompetent hosts. J Infect Dis 185: 110-113. (Pubitemid 34043024)
54. Xu F, Sternberg MR, Kottiri BJ, McQuillan GM, Lee FK, et al. (2006) Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States. JAMA 296: 964-973. (Pubitemid 44285373)
55. Babel N, Volk HD, Reinke P (2011) BK polyomavirus infection and nephropathy: the virus-immune system interplay. Nat Rev Nephrol 7: 399-406.
56. Pollock JL, Presti RM, Paetzold S, Virgin HWt (1997) Latent murine cytomegalovirus infection in macrophages. Virology 227: 168-179.
57. Prosch S, Wendt CE, Reinke P, Priemer C, Oppert M, et al. (2000) A novel link between stress and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection: sympathetic hyperactivity stimulates HCMV activation. Virology 272: 357-365. (Pubitemid 30480195)
58. Hamprecht K, Steinmassl M, Einsele H, Jahn G (1998) Discordant detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, granulocytes and plasma: correlation to viremia and HCMV infection. J Clin Virol 11: 125-136. (Pubitemid 28462064)
59. Humar A, Michaels M, Monitoring AIWGoID (2006) American Society of Transplantation recommendations for screening, monitoring and reporting of infectious complications in immunosuppression trials in recipients of organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 6: 262-274. (Pubitemid 43382161)
60. Bakker NA, Verschuuren EA, Erasmus ME, Hepkema BG, Veeger NJ, et al. (2007) Epstein-Barr virus-DNA load monitoring late after lung transplantation: a surrogate marker of the degree of immunosuppression and a safe guide to reduce immunosuppression. Transplantation 83: 433-438. (Pubitemid 46667847)
61. Beland K, Dore-Nguyen M, Gagne MJ, Patey N, Brassard J, et al. (2013) Torque Teno Virus in Children with Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: New Insights About a Common Pathogen. J Infect Dis.
62. Cook CH, Trgovcich J (2011) Cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill immunocompetent hosts: a decade of progress and remaining challenges. Antiviral Res 90: 151-159.
63. Wherry EJ, Day CL, Draenert R, Miller JD, Kiepiela P, et al. (2006) HIV-specific CD8 T cells express low levels of IL-7Ralpha: implications for HIV-specific T cell memory. Virology 353: 366-373. (Pubitemid 44397137)
64. Barton ES, White DW, Cathelyn JS, Brett-McClellan KA, Engle M, et al. (2007) Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection. Nature 447: 326-329. (Pubitemid 46788830)
65. Razonable RR (2013) Human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 13 Suppl 3: 67-77; quiz 77-68.
66. Lee YJ, Chung D, Xiao K, Papadopoulos EB, Barker JN, et al. (2013) Adenovirus viremia and disease: comparison of T cell-depleted and conventional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients from a single institution. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19: 387-392.