Industrial enzyme production for the food and beverage industries: Process scale up and scale down

Microbial Production of Food Ingredients, Enzymes and Nutraceuticals

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 144-172

  Stocks, S M ^a  

^a NOVOZYMES A S   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Enzyme production; Fermentation; Mass transfer; Mixing; Scale down; Scale up; Stirred tank reactor

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902947920     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1533/9780857093547.1.144     Document Type: Chapter

References (57)

1. Albaek M.O., Stocks S., Gernaey K.V. Gassed and ungassed power draw in a pilot scale 550 litrefermentor retrofitted with up-pumping hydrofoil B2 impellers in media of different viscosity and with very high power draw. Chem Eng Sci 2008, 63:5813-5820.
2. Albaek M.O., Gernaey K.V., Hansen M.S., Stocks S.M. Evaluation of the energy efficiency of enzyme fermentation by mechanistic modeling. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012, 109:950-961.
3. Amanullah A., Serranocarreon L., Castro B., Galindo E., Nienow A.W. The infl uence of impeller type in pilot-scale xanthan fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998, 57:95-108.
4. Amanullah A., Hjorth S.A., Nienow A.W. A new mathematical-model to predict cavern diameters in highly shear thinning, power-law liquids using axialflow impellers. Chem Eng Sci 1998, 53:455-469.
5. Amanullah A., Blair R., Nienow A.W., Thomas C.R. Effects of agitation intensity on mycelial morphology and protein production in chemostat cultures of recombinant Aspergillus oryzae. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999, 62:434-446.
6. Amanullah A., Justen P., Davies A., Paul G.C., Nienow A.W., Thomas C.R. Agitation induced mycelial fragmentation of Aspergillus oryzae and Penicillium chrysogenum. Biochem Eng J 2000, 5:109-114.
7. Amanullah A., Christensen L.H., Hansen K., Nienow A.W., Thomas C.R. Dependence of morphology on agitation intensity in fed-batch cultures of Aspergillus oryzae and its implications for recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002, 77:815-826.
8. Amanullah A., Buckland B.C., Nienow A. Mixing in the fermentation and cell culture industries. Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice 2003, 1071-1170. Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey. E.L. Paul, S.M. Kresta, A.A. Atiemo-Obeng (Eds.).
9. Atkinson B., Mavituna F. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Handbook 1991, Macmillan Publishers, New York.
10. Aunstrup K. Production, isolation, and economics of extracellular enzymes. Appl Biochem Bioeng 1979, 2:27-69.
11. Barnes H.A., Hutton J.F., Walters K. An Introduction to Rheology 1989, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
12. Bates R.L., Fondy P.L., Corpstein R.R. Examination of some geometric parameters of impeller power. Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 1963, 2:310-314.
13. Berovic M., Nienow A.W. Biochemical Engineering Principles. European Federation of Biotechnology 2005, Kemijsko Inzenirstvo.
14. Bhargava S., Wenger K.S., Marten M.R. Pulsed feeding during fed-batch Aspergillus oryzae fermentation leads to improved oxygen mass transfer. Biotech Progr 2003, 19:1091-1094.
15. Bhargava S., Wenger K.S., Marten M.R. Pulsed feeding during fed-batch Aspergillus oryzae fermentation leads to improved oxygen mass transfer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003, 82:111-117.
16. Bhargava S., Wenger K.S., Rane K., Rising V., Marten M.R. Effect of cycle time on fungal morphology, broth rheology, and recombinant enzyme productivity during pulsed addition of limiting carbon source. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005, 89:524-529.
17. Cooke M., Middleton J.C., Bush J.R. Mixing and mass transfer in filamentous fermentations. Proceedings 2nd International Conference Bioreactors, BHRA, Cambridge, UK 1988, 37-64.
18. Covey S.R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People 1989, Free Press, New York.
19. Elson T.P., Cheeseman D., Nienow A.W. X-ray studies of cavern sizes and mixing performance with fluids possessing a yield stress. Chem Eng Sci 1986, 41:2555.
20. Enfors S.O., Jahic M., Rozkov A., Xu B., Hecker M., Jurgen B., Kruger E., Schweder T., Hamer G., O'Beirne D., Noisommit-Rizzi N., Reuss M., Boone L., Hewitt C., Mcfarlane C., Nienow A., Kovacs T., Tragardh C., Fuchs L., Revstedt J., Friberg P.C., Hjertager B., Blomsten G., Skogman H., Hjort S., Hoeks F., Lin H.Y., Neubauer P., Van Der L., Luyben K., Vrabel P., Manelius A. Physiological responses to mixing in large scale bioreactors. J Biotechnol 2001, 85:175-185.
21. Garcia-Ochoa F. Bioreactor scale-up and oxygen transfer rate in microbial processes: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2009, 27:153-176.
22. Harnby N., Edwards M.F., Nienow A.N. Mixing in the ProcessIndustries. Butterworth-Heinemann 1992, Oxford UK.
23. Hewitt C.J., Boon L.A., Mcfarlane C.M., Nienow A.W. The use of flow cytometry to study the impact of fluid mechanical stress on Escherichia coli W3110 during continuous cultivation in an agitated bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998, 59:612-620.
24. Hewitt C.J., Nebe-Von-Caron G., Axelsson B., Mcfarlane C.M., Nienow A.W. Studies related to the scale-up of high-cell-density E. coli fed-batch fermentations using multiparameter fl ow cytometry: Effect of a changing microenvironment with respect to glucose and dissolved oxygen concentration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000, 70:381-390.
25. Heydarian S.M., Mirjalili N., Ison A.P. Effect of shear on morphology and erythromycin production in Saccharopolyspora erythraea fermentations. Bioprocess Eng 1999, 21:31-39.
26. Hudcova V. Gas-liquid dispersion with dual Rushton turbine impellers. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989, 34:617-628.
27. Humphrey A. Shake fl ask to fermenter - what have we learned. Biotech Progr 1998, 14:3-7.
28. Justen P., Paul G.C., Nienow A.W., Thomas C.R. Dependence of mycelia morphology on impeller type and agitation intensity. Biotechnol Bioeng 1996, 52:672-684.
29. Justen P., Paul G.C., Nienow A.W., Thomas C.R. Dependence of Penicillium chrysogenum growth, morphology, vacuolation, and productivity in fed-batch fermentations on impeller type and agitation intensity. Biotechnol Bioeng 1998, 59:762-775.
30. Larsson G., Tornkvist M., Stahl-Wernersson E., Tragardh C., Noorman H., Enfors S.O. Substrate gradients in bioreactors: Origin and consequences. Bioprocess Eng 1996, 14:281-289.
31. Marten M.R., Wenger K.S., Khan S.A. Rheology, mixing time, and regime analysis for a production-scale Aspergillus oryzae fermentation 1997, 295-313. Mechanical Engineering Publications. A.W. Nienow (Ed.).
32. Marten M.R., Wenger K.S., Stocks S.M. Cyclic Pulse-pause Feeding. Patent 2002, WO1028.
33. Mcintyre M., Mcneil B. Dissolved carbon dioxide effects on morphology, growth, and citrate production in Aspergillus niger A60. Enzyme Microb Technol 1997, 20:135-142.
34. Mezger T.G. The Rheology Handbook: For users of rotational and oscillatory rheometers 2006, Vincentz Network GmbH, Hanover.
35. Mollet M., Nn M.A., Zhao Y., Brodkey R., Taticek R., Chalmers J.J. Bioprocess equipment: Characterization of energy dissipation rate and its potential to damage cells. Biotech Progr 2004, 20:1437-1448.
36. Nielsen J. Microbial process kinetics. Basic Biotechnology 2006, 155-180. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. C. Ratledge, B. Kristiansen (Eds.).
37. Nielsen J., Villadsen J., Liden G. Bioreaction Engineering Principles 2003, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, London.
38. Nienow A.W., Bujalski W. The versatility of up-pumping hydrofoil agitators. Chem Eng R 2004, 82:1073-1081.
39. Olsen H.S. Enzymes at Work 2004, Novozymes A/S, Denmark, available from. http://www.novozymes.com.
40. Oh S.k.w., Nienow A.W., Al Rubeai M., Emery A.N. The effects of agitation intensity with and without continuous sparging on the growth and antibody production of hybridoma cells. J Biotechnol 1989, 12:45-61.
41. Oh S.k.w., Nienow A.W., Al Rubeai M., Emery A.N. Further studies of the culture of mouse hybridomas in an agitated bioreactor with and without continuous sparging. J Biotechnol 1992, 22:245-270.
42. Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice 2004, 1071-1072. Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey. E.L. Paul, S.M. Kresta, A.A. Atiemo-Obeng (Eds.).
43. Petersen N., Stocks S., Gernaey K.V. Multivariate models for prediction of rheological characteristics of filamentous fermentation broth from the size distribution. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008, 100:61-71.
44. Purcell E.M. Life at low Reynolds number. Am J Phys 1977, 45:1-11.
45. Schugerl K. Bioreaction Engineering, Volume 2: Characteristic Features of Bioreactors 1990, 2. John Wiley & Sons.
46. Smith S. Single cell protein. Philo Transa Ro Soc: Biol Sci 1980, 290(34):341-354.
47. Smith J.J., Lilly M.D., Fox R.I. The effect of agitation on the morphology and penicillin production of Penicillium chrysogenum. Biotechnol Bioeng 1990, 35:1011-1023.
48. Stanbury P.F., Whittaker A., Hall S.J. Principles of Fermentation Technology 1995, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK.
49. Stocks S.M. Traditional Rushton disc turbines vs. up-pumping axial flow impellers in 550 litre pilot scale aerobic submerged fermentations 2005, 7th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Glasgow UK, IChemE, London, UK.
50. Stocks S.M., Thomas C.R. Strength of mid-logarithmic and stationary phase Saccharopolyspora erythraea hyphae during a batch fermentation in defi ned nitrate-limited medium. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001, 73:370-378.
51. Tatterson G.B. Fluid Mixing and Gas Dispersion in Agitated Tanks 1991, Library of Congress, USA.
52. Thomas C.R., Geer D. Effects of shear on proteins in solution. Biotechnol Lett 2011, 33:443-456.
53. Thomas C.R., Zhang Z. The effect of hydrodynamics on biological materials. Advances in Bioprocess Engineering II 1998, 137-170. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/London. E. Galindo, O.T. Ramirez (Eds.).
54. Van't Riet K., Tramper H. Basic Bioreactor Design 1991, Marcel Dekker, New York.
55. Yang H., Allen D.G. Model-based scale-up strategy for mycelia fermentation processes. Can J Chem Eng 1999, 77:844-854.
56. Yang H., King R., Reichl U., Gilles E.D. Mathematical model for apical growth, septation, and branching of mycelial microorganisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 1992, 39:49-58.
57. Zhu Y.G., Bandopadhyay P.C., Wu J. Measurement of gas-liquid mass transfer in an agitated vessel-A comparison between different impellers. J Chem En J 2001, 34:579-584.