메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 1069-1076

Herbs and liver injury: A clinical perspective

Author keywords

Causality assessment in drug induced liver injury; Dietary supplements induced liver injury; Herbal and induced liver injury

Indexed keywords

ANABOLIC AGENT; CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA EXTRACT; GLUCOSAMINE; GREEN TEA EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; KAVA; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID; USNIC ACID;

EID: 84902549406     PISSN: 15423565     EISSN: 15427714     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.030     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 77957911710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of complementary and alternative medicine by those with a chronic disease and the general population: results of a national population based survey
    • Metcalfe A., Williams J., McChesney J., et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by those with a chronic disease and the general population: results of a national population based survey. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010, 10:58.
    • (2010) BMC Complement Altern Med , vol.10 , pp. 58
    • Metcalfe, A.1    Williams, J.2    McChesney, J.3
  • 2
    • 39549094030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial
    • Seeff L.B., Curto T.M., Szabo G., et al. Herbal product use by persons enrolled in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. Hepatology 2008, 47:605-612.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , pp. 605-612
    • Seeff, L.B.1    Curto, T.M.2    Szabo, G.3
  • 3
    • 0035953135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americans' views on the use and regulation of dietary supplements
    • Blendon R.J., DesRoches C.M., Benson J.M., et al. Americans' views on the use and regulation of dietary supplements. Arch Intern Med 2001, 161:805-810.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 805-810
    • Blendon, R.J.1    DesRoches, C.M.2    Benson, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 3843119124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary supplement use by US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000
    • Radimer K., Bindewald B., Hughes J., et al. Dietary supplement use by US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 160:339-349.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , pp. 339-349
    • Radimer, K.1    Bindewald, B.2    Hughes, J.3
  • 5
    • 33751161888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary supplements in a national survey: prevalence of use and reports of adverse events
    • Timbo B.B., Ross M.O.P.P., McCarthy P.V., et al. Dietary supplements in a national survey: prevalence of use and reports of adverse events. JAm Diet Assoc 2006, 106:1966-1974.
    • (2006) JAm Diet Assoc , vol.106 , pp. 1966-1974
    • Timbo, B.B.1    Ross, M.O.P.P.2    McCarthy, P.V.3
  • 6
    • 77956805316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal supplement sales rise in all channels in 2009
    • Cavaliere C., Rea P., Lynch M.E., et al. Herbal supplement sales rise in all channels in 2009. Herbal Gram 2010, 86:62-65.
    • (2010) Herbal Gram , vol.86 , pp. 62-65
    • Cavaliere, C.1    Rea, P.2    Lynch, M.E.3
  • 7
    • 84902541742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/.htm.
  • 8
    • 0036323793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study
    • Sgro C., Clinard F., Ouazir K., et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology 2002, 36:451-455.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.36 , pp. 451-455
    • Sgro, C.1    Clinard, F.2    Ouazir, K.3
  • 9
    • 33748909138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced liver injury in a Swedish University hospital out-patient hepatology clinic
    • De Valle M.B., Av Klinteberg V., Alem N., et al. Drug-induced liver injury in a Swedish University hospital out-patient hepatology clinic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006, 24:1187-1195.
    • (2006) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.24 , pp. 1187-1195
    • De Valle, M.B.1    Av Klinteberg, V.2    Alem, N.3
  • 10
    • 3142557936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and clinically relevant drug-induced liver injury: a population based case-control study
    • De Abajo F.J., Montero D., Madurga M., et al. Acute and clinically relevant drug-induced liver injury: a population based case-control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004, 58:71-80.
    • (2004) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.58 , pp. 71-80
    • De Abajo, F.J.1    Montero, D.2    Madurga, M.3
  • 11
    • 11144288739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of acute nonfulminant drug-induced hepatitis in a United States tertiary referral center [corrected]
    • Galan M.V., Potts J.A., Silverman A.L., et al. The burden of acute nonfulminant drug-induced hepatitis in a United States tertiary referral center [corrected]. JClin Gastroenterol 2005, 39:64-67.
    • (2005) JClin Gastroenterol , vol.39 , pp. 64-67
    • Galan, M.V.1    Potts, J.A.2    Silverman, A.L.3
  • 12
    • 33847251560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of new-onset jaundice: how often is it caused by idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in the United States?
    • Vuppalanchi R., Liangpunsakul S., Chalasani N. Etiology of new-onset jaundice: how often is it caused by idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury in the United States?. Am J Gastroenterol 2007, 102:558-562.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 558-562
    • Vuppalanchi, R.1    Liangpunsakul, S.2    Chalasani, N.3
  • 13
    • 18744376412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10 year period
    • Andrade R.J., Lucena M.I., Fernandez M.C., et al. Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10 year period. Gastroenterology 2005, 129:512-521.
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.129 , pp. 512-521
    • Andrade, R.J.1    Lucena, M.I.2    Fernandez, M.C.3
  • 14
    • 0036844835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grup d'Estudi Multicentric d'Hepatotoxicitat Aguda de Barcelona (GEM-HAB): prospective surveillance of acute serious liver disease unrelated to infectious, obstructive, or metabolic diseases; epidemiological and clinical features, and exposure to drugs
    • Ibanez I., Perez E., Vidal X., et al. Grup d'Estudi Multicentric d'Hepatotoxicitat Aguda de Barcelona (GEM-HAB): prospective surveillance of acute serious liver disease unrelated to infectious, obstructive, or metabolic diseases; epidemiological and clinical features, and exposure to drugs. JHepatol 2002, 37:592-600.
    • (2002) JHepatol , vol.37 , pp. 592-600
    • Ibanez, I.1    Perez, E.2    Vidal, X.3
  • 15
    • 31944444765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentation of drug-induced liver injury in Singapore
    • Wai C.T. Presentation of drug-induced liver injury in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2006, 47:116-120.
    • (2006) Singapore Med J , vol.47 , pp. 116-120
    • Wai, C.T.1
  • 16
    • 77950287576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity associated with the use of herbalife
    • Johannsson M., Ormarsdottir S., Olafsson S. Hepatotoxicity associated with the use of herbalife. Laeknabladid 2010, 96:167-172.
    • (2010) Laeknabladid , vol.96 , pp. 167-172
    • Johannsson, M.1    Ormarsdottir, S.2    Olafsson, S.3
  • 17
    • 84884968619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal and dietary supplement induced hepatotoxicity in the U.S
    • S1, S-41
    • Navarro V.J., Barnhart H.X., Bonkovsky H.L., et al. Herbal and dietary supplement induced hepatotoxicity in the U.S. Gastroenterology 2012, 142. S1, S-41.
    • (2012) Gastroenterology , vol.142
    • Navarro, V.J.1    Barnhart, H.X.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 18
    • 77956435501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dietary supplements. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/default.htm.
    • Dietary supplements
  • 19
    • 84902541743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary supplements guidance documents & regulatory information
    • U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Dietary supplements guidance documents & regulatory information. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/guidancedocumentsregulatoryinformation/dietarysupplements/default.htm.
  • 20
    • 84902541733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturer ofdietary supplements
    • Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • Department of Health and Human Services. Manufacturer ofdietary supplements. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.crnusa.org/FDAunity/FDAManufacturerDietarySupplements121510.pdf.
  • 21
    • 77955670653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardization of nomenclature and causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury: summary of a clinical research workshop
    • Fontana R.J., Seeff L.B., Andrade R.J., et al. Standardization of nomenclature and causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury: summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology 2010, 52:730-742.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.52 , pp. 730-742
    • Fontana, R.J.1    Seeff, L.B.2    Andrade, R.J.3
  • 22
    • 84876586663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and causality assessment in herbal hepatotoxicity
    • Teschke R., Schwarzenboeck A., Eickhoff A., et al. Clinical and causality assessment in herbal hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013, 12:339-366.
    • (2013) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.12 , pp. 339-366
    • Teschke, R.1    Schwarzenboeck, A.2    Eickhoff, A.3
  • 23
    • 0027362542 scopus 로고
    • Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs-I: a novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings; application to drug-induced liver injuries
    • Danan G., Benichou C. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs-I: a novel method based on the conclusions of international consensus meetings; application to drug-induced liver injuries. JClin Epidemiol 1993, 46:1323-1330.
    • (1993) JClin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1323-1330
    • Danan, G.1    Benichou, C.2
  • 24
    • 20044368498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agreement of expert judgment in causality assessment of adverse drug reactions
    • Arimone Y., Begaud B., Miremont-Salame G., et al. Agreement of expert judgment in causality assessment of adverse drug reactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005, 61:169-173.
    • (2005) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 169-173
    • Arimone, Y.1    Begaud, B.2    Miremont-Salame, G.3
  • 25
    • 0019799332 scopus 로고
    • Amethod for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions
    • Naranjo C.A., Busto U., Sellers E.M., et al. Amethod for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981, 30:239-245.
    • (1981) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.30 , pp. 239-245
    • Naranjo, C.A.1    Busto, U.2    Sellers, E.M.3
  • 26
    • 43749098059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of green tea extracts: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia
    • Sarma D.N., Barrett M.L., Chavez M.L., et al. Safety of green tea extracts: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia. Drug Saf 2008, 6:469-484.
    • (2008) Drug Saf , vol.6 , pp. 469-484
    • Sarma, D.N.1    Barrett, M.L.2    Chavez, M.L.3
  • 27
    • 79959400420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous reports of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity by black cohosh: is the liver-unspecific Naranjo scale precise enough to ascertain causality?
    • Teschke R., Schmidt-Taenzer W., Wolff A. Spontaneous reports of assumed herbal hepatotoxicity by black cohosh: is the liver-unspecific Naranjo scale precise enough to ascertain causality?. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011, 20:567-582.
    • (2011) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 567-582
    • Teschke, R.1    Schmidt-Taenzer, W.2    Wolff, A.3
  • 28
    • 84862015812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected herbal hepatotoxicity: requirements for appropriate causality assessment by the US Pharmacopeia
    • Teschke R., Schulze J. Suspected herbal hepatotoxicity: requirements for appropriate causality assessment by the US Pharmacopeia. Drug Saf 2012, 35:1091-1097.
    • (2012) Drug Saf , vol.35 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Teschke, R.1    Schulze, J.2
  • 29
    • 0027448634 scopus 로고
    • Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs-II: an original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods-case reports with positive rechallenge
    • Benichou C., Danan G., Flahault A. Causality assessment of adverse reactions to drugs-II: an original model for validation of drug causality assessment methods-case reports with positive rechallenge. JClin Epidemiol 1993, 46:1331-1336.
    • (1993) JClin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Benichou, C.1    Danan, G.2    Flahault, A.3
  • 30
    • 0030865914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug induced hepatitis
    • Maria V.A., Victorino R.M. Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug induced hepatitis. Hepatology 1997, 26:664-669.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 664-669
    • Maria, V.A.1    Victorino, R.M.2
  • 31
    • 58149347349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale, design and conduct of the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network prospective study
    • Fontana R.J., Watkins P.B., Bonkovsky H.L., et al. Rationale, design and conduct of the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network prospective study. Drug Saf 2009, 32:55-68.
    • (2009) Drug Saf , vol.32 , pp. 55-68
    • Fontana, R.J.1    Watkins, P.B.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 32
    • 77952702755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network: causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process-comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method
    • Rockey D.C., Seeff L.B., Rochon J., et al. US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network: causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process-comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method. Hepatology 2010, 51:2117-2126.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.51 , pp. 2117-2126
    • Rockey, D.C.1    Seeff, L.B.2    Rochon, J.3
  • 33
    • 57249086242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug induced liver injury in the United States
    • Chalasani N., Fontana R.J., Bonkovsky H.L., et al. Causes, clinical features, and outcomes from a prospective study of drug induced liver injury in the United States. Gastroenterology 2008, 135:1924-1934.
    • (2008) Gastroenterology , vol.135 , pp. 1924-1934
    • Chalasani, N.1    Fontana, R.J.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 34
    • 84870580882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing hepatotoxicity attributable to herbal & dietary supplements (HDS): test-retest reliability of a novel causality assessment tool
    • Navarro V.J., Barnhart H.X., Bonkovsky H.L., et al. Diagnosing hepatotoxicity attributable to herbal & dietary supplements (HDS): test-retest reliability of a novel causality assessment tool. JHepatol 2012, 56:S536.
    • (2012) JHepatol , vol.56
    • Navarro, V.J.1    Barnhart, H.X.2    Bonkovsky, H.L.3
  • 35
    • 41649104868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in commercial Ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations
    • Harkey M.R., Henderson G.L., Gershwin M.E., et al. Variability in commercial Ginseng products: an analysis of 25 preparations. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 75:600-601.
    • (2002) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.75 , pp. 600-601
    • Harkey, M.R.1    Henderson, G.L.2    Gershwin, M.E.3
  • 36
    • 0036902502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contents of four active components in different commercial crude drugs and preparations of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)
    • Zhang H., Yu C., Jia J.Y., et al. Contents of four active components in different commercial crude drugs and preparations of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). Acta Pharmacol Sin 2002, 23:1163-1168.
    • (2002) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.23 , pp. 1163-1168
    • Zhang, H.1    Yu, C.2    Jia, J.Y.3
  • 37
    • 0242606331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of catechin content of commercial green tea products
    • Manning J., Roberts J.C. Analysis of catechin content of commercial green tea products. JHerb Pharmacother 2003, 3:19-32.
    • (2003) JHerb Pharmacother , vol.3 , pp. 19-32
    • Manning, J.1    Roberts, J.C.2
  • 38
    • 0142212294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in product choices of frequently purchased herbs: caveat emptor
    • Garrara J., Hamrs S., Eberly L.E., et al. Variations in product choices of frequently purchased herbs: caveat emptor. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:2290-2295.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2290-2295
    • Garrara, J.1    Hamrs, S.2    Eberly, L.E.3
  • 39
    • 14844341365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut
    • Stevens T., Qadri A., Zein N.N. Two patients with acute liver injury associated with use of the herbal weight-loss supplement hydroxycut. Ann Intern Med 2005, 1426:477-478.
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.1426 , pp. 477-478
    • Stevens, T.1    Qadri, A.2    Zein, N.N.3
  • 40
    • 84902541734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed April 2,2013.
    • Available at: Accessed April 2,2013. http://fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108379.htm.
  • 41
    • 34848914033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver injury associated with the herbal supplement Hydroxycut in a soldier deployed to Iraq
    • Jones F.J., Andrews A.H. Acute liver injury associated with the herbal supplement Hydroxycut in a soldier deployed to Iraq. Am J Gastroenterol 2007, 102:2357-2358.
    • (2007) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.102 , pp. 2357-2358
    • Jones, F.J.1    Andrews, A.H.2
  • 42
    • 59449102961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity due to hydroxycut: a case report
    • Shim M., Saab S. Severe hepatotoxicity due to hydroxycut: a case report. Dig Dis Sci 2009, 54. 406-08.
    • (2009) Dig Dis Sci , vol.54 , pp. 406-408
    • Shim, M.1    Saab, S.2
  • 43
    • 63449092588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxycut hepatotoxicity: a case series and review of the liver toxicity from herbal weight loss supplements
    • Dara L., Hewett J., Kim J.K. Hydroxycut hepatotoxicity: a case series and review of the liver toxicity from herbal weight loss supplements. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:6999-7004.
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 6999-7004
    • Dara, L.1    Hewett, J.2    Kim, J.K.3
  • 44
    • 77954242791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity due to hydroxycut: a case series
    • Fong T.L., Klontz K.C., Canas-Coto A., et al. Hepatotoxicity due to hydroxycut: a case series. Am J Gastroenterol 2010, 105:1561-1566.
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , pp. 1561-1566
    • Fong, T.L.1    Klontz, K.C.2    Canas-Coto, A.3
  • 45
    • 84902541735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/hydroxycut/consumeradvisory.html.
  • 46
    • 84902541736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbalife. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • Herbalife. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.herbalife.com.
  • 47
    • 34548212844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between consumption of herbalife nutritional supplements and acute hepatotoxicity
    • Elinav E., Pinsker G., Safadi R., et al. Association between consumption of herbalife nutritional supplements and acute hepatotoxicity. JHepatol 2007, 47:514-520.
    • (2007) JHepatol , vol.47 , pp. 514-520
    • Elinav, E.1    Pinsker, G.2    Safadi, R.3
  • 48
    • 34548286038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbal does not mean innocuous: ten cases of severe hepatotoxicity associated with dietary supplements from Herbalife products
    • Schoepfer A.M., Engel A., Fattinger K., et al. Herbal does not mean innocuous: ten cases of severe hepatotoxicity associated with dietary supplements from Herbalife products. JHepatol 2007, 47:521-526.
    • (2007) JHepatol , vol.47 , pp. 521-526
    • Schoepfer, A.M.1    Engel, A.2    Fattinger, K.3
  • 49
    • 80053269081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous reporting of new cases in Spain supports the relationship between Herbalife products and liver injury
    • Manso G., Lopez-Rivas L., Salgueiro M.E., et al. Continuous reporting of new cases in Spain supports the relationship between Herbalife products and liver injury. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011, 20:1080-1087.
    • (2011) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.20 , pp. 1080-1087
    • Manso, G.1    Lopez-Rivas, L.2    Salgueiro, M.E.3
  • 50
    • 1642440239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects HepG2 cells against CYP2E1-dependent toxicity
    • Jimenez-Lopez J.M., Cederbaum A.I. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects HepG2 cells against CYP2E1-dependent toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2004, 36:359-370.
    • (2004) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.36 , pp. 359-370
    • Jimenez-Lopez, J.M.1    Cederbaum, A.I.2
  • 51
    • 0036783529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hepatic ischemia: reperfusion injury by green tea extract
    • Zhong Z., Froh M., Connor H.D., et al. Prevention of hepatic ischemia: reperfusion injury by green tea extract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002, 283:957-964.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.283 , pp. 957-964
    • Zhong, Z.1    Froh, M.2    Connor, H.D.3
  • 52
    • 0142182035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenols from Camellia sinensis attenuate experimental cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in rats
    • Zhong Z., Froh M., Lehnert M., et al. Polyphenols from Camellia sinensis attenuate experimental cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003, 285:1004-1013.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.285 , pp. 1004-1013
    • Zhong, Z.1    Froh, M.2    Lehnert, M.3
  • 53
    • 9744276711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hepatitis associated with Camellia thea and Orthosiphon ingestion
    • Garcia-Moran S., Saez-Royuela F., Cento E. Acute hepatitis associated with Camellia thea and Orthosiphon ingestion. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 27:559-560.
    • (2004) Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.27 , pp. 559-560
    • Garcia-Moran, S.1    Saez-Royuela, F.2    Cento, E.3
  • 54
    • 26444592258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatitis during self-medication with hydroalchoholic extract of green tea
    • Gloro R., Hourmand-Ollivier I., Mosquet B., et al. Fulminant hepatitis during self-medication with hydroalchoholic extract of green tea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hep 2005, 17:1135-1137.
    • (2005) Eur J Gastroenterol Hep , vol.17 , pp. 1135-1137
    • Gloro, R.1    Hourmand-Ollivier, I.2    Mosquet, B.3
  • 55
    • 32444432393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hepatitis associated with the use of green tea infusions
    • Jimenez-Saenz M., Martinez-Sanchez M. Acute hepatitis associated with the use of green tea infusions. JHepatol 2006, 44:616-617.
    • (2006) JHepatol , vol.44 , pp. 616-617
    • Jimenez-Saenz, M.1    Martinez-Sanchez, M.2
  • 56
    • 33845473093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: a case report and review of the literature
    • Molinari M., Watt K.D., Kruszyna T., et al. Acute liver failure induced by green tea extracts: a case report and review of the literature. Liver Transpl 2006, 12:1892-1895.
    • (2006) Liver Transpl , vol.12 , pp. 1892-1895
    • Molinari, M.1    Watt, K.D.2    Kruszyna, T.3
  • 57
    • 84902541737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at: Accessed March 24,2013.
    • Available at: Accessed March 24,2013. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4946e/1.4html.
  • 58
    • 33645224473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations: part 2-dermal, acute and short term toxicity studies
    • Isbruker R.A., Edwards J.A., Wolz E., et al. Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations: part 2-dermal, acute and short term toxicity studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2006, 44:636-650.
    • (2006) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.44 , pp. 636-650
    • Isbruker, R.A.1    Edwards, J.A.2    Wolz, E.3
  • 59
    • 20444480574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dosing condition on the oral bioavailability of green tea catechins after single-dose administration of Polyphenon E in healthy individuals
    • Chow H.H., Hakim I.A., Vining D.R., et al. Effects of dosing condition on the oral bioavailability of green tea catechins after single-dose administration of Polyphenon E in healthy individuals. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:627-633.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 627-633
    • Chow, H.H.1    Hakim, I.A.2    Vining, D.R.3
  • 60
    • 63149154371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver injury induced by "natural remedies": an analysis of cases submitted to the Spanish Liver Toxicity Registry
    • Garcia-Cortes M., Borraz Y., Lucena M.I., et al. Liver injury induced by "natural remedies": an analysis of cases submitted to the Spanish Liver Toxicity Registry. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008, 11:688-695.
    • (2008) Rev Esp Enferm Dig , vol.11 , pp. 688-695
    • Garcia-Cortes, M.1    Borraz, Y.2    Lucena, M.I.3
  • 61
    • 84902541728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the USP green tea extract monograph
    • USP. Available at: Accessed March 26,2013.
    • USP. Update on the USP green tea extract monograph. Available at: Accessed March 26,2013. http://www.usp.org/usp-nf/notices/retired-compendial-notices/update-usp-green-tea-extract-monograph.
  • 62
    • 43749098059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of green tea extracts: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia
    • Sarma D.N., Barrett M.L., Chavez M.L., et al. Safety of green tea extracts: a systematic review by the US Pharmacopeia. Drug Saf 2008, 31:469-484.
    • (2008) Drug Saf , vol.31 , pp. 469-484
    • Sarma, D.N.1    Barrett, M.L.2    Chavez, M.L.3
  • 64
    • 84944363995 scopus 로고
    • Actions and uses of dinitriophenol: promising metabolic applications
    • Cutting W.C., Mehrtens H.G., Tainter M.L. Actions and uses of dinitriophenol: promising metabolic applications. JAMA 1933, 15:193-195.
    • (1933) JAMA , vol.15 , pp. 193-195
    • Cutting, W.C.1    Mehrtens, H.G.2    Tainter, M.L.3
  • 65
    • 34249743161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dinitrophenol and obesity: an early twentieth-century regulatory dilemma
    • Colman E. Dinitrophenol and obesity: an early twentieth-century regulatory dilemma. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2007, 48:115-117.
    • (2007) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 115-117
    • Colman, E.1
  • 66
    • 33747191189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two deaths attributed to the use of 2,4-dinitrophenol
    • Miranda E.J., McIntyre I.M., Parker D.R., et al. Two deaths attributed to the use of 2,4-dinitrophenol. JAnal Toxicol 2006, 30:219-222.
    • (2006) JAnal Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 219-222
    • Miranda, E.J.1    McIntyre, I.M.2    Parker, D.R.3
  • 67
    • 0037117466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement LipoKinetrix
    • Favreau J.T., Ryu M.L., Braunstein G., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement LipoKinetrix. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136:590-595.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.136 , pp. 590-595
    • Favreau, J.T.1    Ryu, M.L.2    Braunstein, G.3
  • 68
    • 2942644826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant liver failure due to usnic acid for weight loss
    • Durazo F.A., Lassman C., Han S.B., et al. Fulminant liver failure due to usnic acid for weight loss. Am J Gastroenterol 2004, 99:950.
    • (2004) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.99 , pp. 950
    • Durazo, F.A.1    Lassman, C.2    Han, S.B.3
  • 69
    • 9644272493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid
    • Neff G.W., Reddy R.K., Durazo F.A., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid. JHepatol 2004, 41:1061-1067.
    • (2004) JHepatol , vol.41 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Neff, G.W.1    Reddy, R.K.2    Durazo, F.A.3
  • 70
    • 33645685192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid
    • Sanchez W., Maple J.T., Burgart L.J., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid. Mayo Clin Proc 2006, 81:541-544.
    • (2006) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.81 , pp. 541-544
    • Sanchez, W.1    Maple, J.T.2    Burgart, L.J.3
  • 71
    • 79960429714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting serious problems to FDA
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: Accessed March 23,2013.
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Reporting serious problems to FDA. Available at: Accessed March 23,2013. http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/how.htm.
  • 72
    • 0031916059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders
    • Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther 1998, 15:45-53.
    • (1998) Adv Ther , vol.15 , pp. 45-53
    • Liske, E.1
  • 73
    • 0037961799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis A
    • Vitetta L., Thomsen M., Sali A. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis A. Med J Aust 2003, 21:411-412.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.21 , pp. 411-412
    • Vitetta, L.1    Thomsen, M.2    Sali, A.3
  • 74
    • 39549087016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black cohosh-induced hepatitis
    • Nisbet B.C., O'Connor R.E. Black cohosh-induced hepatitis. Del Med J 2007, 79:441-444.
    • (2007) Del Med J , vol.79 , pp. 441-444
    • Nisbet, B.C.1    O'Connor, R.E.2
  • 75
    • 0142126198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh
    • Lontos S., Jones R.M., Angus P.W., et al. Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med J Aust 2003, 179:390-391.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.179 , pp. 390-391
    • Lontos, S.1    Jones, R.M.2    Angus, P.W.3
  • 76
    • 0037152933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis
    • Whiting P.W., Clouston A., Kerlin P. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2002, 21:440-443.
    • (2002) Med J Aust , vol.21 , pp. 440-443
    • Whiting, P.W.1    Clouston, A.2    Kerlin, P.3
  • 77
    • 17444428080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh
    • Levitsky J., Alli T.A., Wisecarver J., et al. Fulminant liver failure associated with the use of black cohosh. Dig Dis Sci 2005, 50:538-539.
    • (2005) Dig Dis Sci , vol.50 , pp. 538-539
    • Levitsky, J.1    Alli, T.A.2    Wisecarver, J.3
  • 78
    • 33745500247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report
    • Lynch C.R., Folkers M.E., Hutson W.R. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report. Liver Transpl 2006, 12:989-992.
    • (2006) Liver Transpl , vol.12 , pp. 989-992
    • Lynch, C.R.1    Folkers, M.E.2    Hutson, W.R.3
  • 79
    • 38349051228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black cohosh: a cause of abnormal postmenopausal liver function tests
    • Joy D., Joy J., Duane P. Black cohosh: a cause of abnormal postmenopausal liver function tests. Climacteric 2008, 11:84-88.
    • (2008) Climacteric , vol.11 , pp. 84-88
    • Joy, D.1    Joy, J.2    Duane, P.3
  • 80
    • 66849126355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acase of hepatitis associated with long-term use of Cimicifuga racemosa
    • Vannacci A., Lapi F., Gallo E., et al. Acase of hepatitis associated with long-term use of Cimicifuga racemosa. Altern Ther Health Med 2009, 15:62-63.
    • (2009) Altern Ther Health Med , vol.15 , pp. 62-63
    • Vannacci, A.1    Lapi, F.2    Gallo, E.3
  • 81
    • 51449114460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States pharmacopeia of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity
    • Mahady G.B., Low Dog T., Barrett M.L., et al. United States pharmacopeia of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity. Menopause 2008, 15:628-638.
    • (2008) Menopause , vol.15 , pp. 628-638
    • Mahady, G.B.1    Low Dog, T.2    Barrett, M.L.3
  • 82
    • 58149333391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected hepatotoxicity by Cimiscifuga racemosa rhizoma (black cohash root): critical analysis and structures causality assessment
    • Teschke R., Schwarzenboweck A. Suspected hepatotoxicity by Cimiscifuga racemosa rhizoma (black cohash root): critical analysis and structures causality assessment. Phytomedicine 2009, 16:72-84.
    • (2009) Phytomedicine , vol.16 , pp. 72-84
    • Teschke, R.1    Schwarzenboweck, A.2
  • 83
    • 77949379937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black cohosh and suspected hepatotoxicity: inconsistencies, confounding variables, and prospective use of a diagnostic causalty algorithm-a critical review
    • Teschke R. Black cohosh and suspected hepatotoxicity: inconsistencies, confounding variables, and prospective use of a diagnostic causalty algorithm-a critical review. Menopause 2010, 17:426-440.
    • (2010) Menopause , vol.17 , pp. 426-440
    • Teschke, R.1
  • 84
    • 0019457601 scopus 로고
    • Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Smith L.W., Culvenor C.C.J. Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. JNat Prod 1981, 44:129-152.
    • (1981) JNat Prod , vol.44 , pp. 129-152
    • Smith, L.W.1    Culvenor, C.C.J.2
  • 85
    • 0017080938 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in North-Western Afghanistan
    • Mohabbat O., Srivastava R.N., Younos M.S., et al. An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in North-Western Afghanistan. Lancet 1976, 2:271-276.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 271-276
    • Mohabbat, O.1    Srivastava, R.N.2    Younos, M.S.3
  • 86
    • 0017170210 scopus 로고
    • An epidemic of veno-occlusive disease in Central India
    • Tandon B.N., Tandon R.K., Tandon H.D., et al. An epidemic of veno-occlusive disease in Central India. Lancet 1976, 2:271-272.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 271-272
    • Tandon, B.N.1    Tandon, R.K.2    Tandon, H.D.3
  • 87
    • 0007633983 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey
    • Weston C.F.M., Cooper B.Y., Davies J.E., et al. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver secondary to ingestion of comfrey. Br Med J 1987, 295:183.
    • (1987) Br Med J , vol.295 , pp. 183
    • Weston, C.F.M.1    Cooper, B.Y.2    Davies, J.E.3
  • 88
    • 78651040838 scopus 로고
    • Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with non-portal type of cirrhosis occurring in Jamaica
    • Bras G., Jeliffe D.B., Stuart K.L. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver with non-portal type of cirrhosis occurring in Jamaica. AMA Arch Pathol 1954, 57:285-300.
    • (1954) AMA Arch Pathol , vol.57 , pp. 285-300
    • Bras, G.1    Jeliffe, D.B.2    Stuart, K.L.3
  • 89
    • 0017404792 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona
    • Stillman A.E., Huxtable R.J., Consroe P., et al. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease due to pyrrolizidine (Senecio) poisoning in Arizona. Gastroenterology 1977, 73:349-352.
    • (1977) Gastroenterology , vol.73 , pp. 349-352
    • Stillman, A.E.1    Huxtable, R.J.2    Consroe, P.3
  • 90
    • 0032444587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species differenced in the hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Huan J.Y., Miranda D.R., Buhler P.R., et al. Species differenced in the hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Toxicol Lett 1998, 99:127-137.
    • (1998) Toxicol Lett , vol.99 , pp. 127-137
    • Huan, J.Y.1    Miranda, D.R.2    Buhler, P.R.3
  • 91
    • 0033565370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in human diet
    • Prakash A.S., Pereira T.N., Reilly P., et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in human diet. Mutat Res 1999, 443:53-67.
    • (1999) Mutat Res , vol.443 , pp. 53-67
    • Prakash, A.S.1    Pereira, T.N.2    Reilly, P.3
  • 92
    • 0042830247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
    • Chojkier M. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. JHepatol 2003, 3:437-446.
    • (2003) JHepatol , vol.3 , pp. 437-446
    • Chojkier, M.1
  • 93
    • 0026728263 scopus 로고
    • Kava: an overview
    • Singh Y.N. Kava: an overview. JEthnopharmoacol 1992, 37:13-45.
    • (1992) JEthnopharmoacol , vol.37 , pp. 13-45
    • Singh, Y.N.1
  • 94
    • 0032553342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing hepatitis after taking herbal medication
    • Strahl S., Ehret V., Dahm H.H., et al. Necrotizing hepatitis after taking herbal medication. Dtsch Med Wschr 1998, 123:1410-1414.
    • (1998) Dtsch Med Wschr , vol.123 , pp. 1410-1414
    • Strahl, S.1    Ehret, V.2    Dahm, H.H.3
  • 95
    • 0035915733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis associated with Kava, an herbal remedy for anxiety
    • Eschar M., Sesmeules J. Hepatitis associated with Kava, an herbal remedy for anxiety. BMJ 2001, 322:139.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 139
    • Eschar, M.1    Sesmeules, J.2
  • 97
    • 0037973477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis induced by Kava (Piper methysticum rhizorna)
    • Stickel F., Baumuller H.M., Seitz K., et al. Hepatitis induced by Kava (Piper methysticum rhizorna). JHepatol 2003, 39:62-67.
    • (2003) JHepatol , vol.39 , pp. 62-67
    • Stickel, F.1    Baumuller, H.M.2    Seitz, K.3
  • 98
    • 0035823136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant liver failure after administration of the herbal antidepressant Kava-Kava
    • Kraft M., Spahn T.W., Menzel J., et al. Fulminant liver failure after administration of the herbal antidepressant Kava-Kava. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001, 126:970-972.
    • (2001) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.126 , pp. 970-972
    • Kraft, M.1    Spahn, T.W.2    Menzel, J.3
  • 99
    • 1342347702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal fulminant hepatic failure induced by a natural therapy containing kava
    • Thomsen M., Vitetta L., Schmidt M., et al. Fatal fulminant hepatic failure induced by a natural therapy containing kava. Med J Aust 2004, 180:198-199.
    • (2004) Med J Aust , vol.180 , pp. 198-199
    • Thomsen, M.1    Vitetta, L.2    Schmidt, M.3
  • 100
    • 21744457082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety review of kava (Piper methysticum) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
    • Ulbricht C., Basch E., Boon H., et al. Safety review of kava (Piper methysticum) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005, 4:779-794.
    • (2005) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.4 , pp. 779-794
    • Ulbricht, C.1    Basch, E.2    Boon, H.3
  • 101
    • 56349138698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kava hepatotoxicity: a clinical survey and critical analysis of 26 suspected cases
    • Teschke R., Schwarzenboeck A., Hennermann K.H. Kava hepatotoxicity: a clinical survey and critical analysis of 26 suspected cases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 20:1182-1193.
    • (2008) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.20 , pp. 1182-1193
    • Teschke, R.1    Schwarzenboeck, A.2    Hennermann, K.H.3
  • 102
    • 70350766713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kava hepatotoxicity: regulatory data selection and causality assessment
    • Teschke R., Wolff A. Kava hepatotoxicity: regulatory data selection and causality assessment. Dig Liver Dis 2009, 41:891-901.
    • (2009) Dig Liver Dis , vol.41 , pp. 891-901
    • Teschke, R.1    Wolff, A.2
  • 103
    • 84856779629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD, Available at:, Accessed January 2, 2012
    • Guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about medical foods 2007, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Silver Spring, MD, Available at:, Accessed January 2, 2012. http://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/guidancedocumentsregulatoryinformation/medicalfoods/ucm054048.htm.
    • (2007) Guidance for industry: frequently asked questions about medical foods
  • 104
    • 67449098178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, blunts pro-inflammatory phenotype activation in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages
    • Altavilla D., Squadrito F., Bitto A., et al. Flavocoxid, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase, blunts pro-inflammatory phenotype activation in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. BrJ Pharmacol 2009, 157:1410-1418.
    • (2009) BrJ Pharmacol , vol.157 , pp. 1410-1418
    • Altavilla, D.1    Squadrito, F.2    Bitto, A.3
  • 105
    • 84862734518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver injury due to Flavocoxid (limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series
    • Chalasani N., Vuppalanchi R., Navarro V.J., et al. Acute liver injury due to Flavocoxid (limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. Ann Intern Med 2013, 156:857-860.
    • (2013) Ann Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 857-860
    • Chalasani, N.1    Vuppalanchi, R.2    Navarro, V.J.3
  • 106
    • 70350515681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety of flavocoxid, a medical food, in the dietary management of knee osteoarthritis
    • Morgan S.L., Baggott J.E., Moreland L., et al. The safety of flavocoxid, a medical food, in the dietary management of knee osteoarthritis. JMed Food 2009, 12:1143-1148.
    • (2009) JMed Food , vol.12 , pp. 1143-1148
    • Morgan, S.L.1    Baggott, J.E.2    Moreland, L.3
  • 107
    • 79952116933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of flavocoxid, a novel therapeutic, compared with naproxen: a randomized multicenter controlled trial in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee
    • Levy R.M., Khokhlov A., Kopenkin S., et al. Efficacy and safety of flavocoxid, a novel therapeutic, compared with naproxen: a randomized multicenter controlled trial in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Adv Ther 2010, 27:731-742.
    • (2010) Adv Ther , vol.27 , pp. 731-742
    • Levy, R.M.1    Khokhlov, A.2    Kopenkin, S.3
  • 108
    • 77951031884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GOAL: multicenter, open-label, post-marketing study of flavocoxid, a novel dual pathway inhibitor anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin
    • Pillai L., Burnett B.P., Levy R.M., et al. GOAL: multicenter, open-label, post-marketing study of flavocoxid, a novel dual pathway inhibitor anti-inflammatory agent of botanical origin. Curr Med Res Opin 2010, 26:1055-1063.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.26 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Pillai, L.1    Burnett, B.P.2    Levy, R.M.3
  • 109
    • 84902541729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primus Pharmaceuticals, Scottsdale, AZ, Available at:, Accessed February 25, 2013
    • Primus Pharmaceuticals. Limbrel product information 2011, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Scottsdale, AZ, Available at:, Accessed February 25, 2013. http://www.limbrel.com/downloads/limbrel_pi.
    • (2011) Primus Pharmaceuticals. Limbrel product information
  • 110
    • 77954109355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity associated with Chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature
    • Linnebur S.A., Rapacchietta O.C., Vejar M., et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with Chinese skullcap contained in Move Free Advanced dietary supplement: two case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2010, 30(750):258e-262e.
    • (2010) Pharmacotherapy , vol.30 , Issue.750
    • Linnebur, S.A.1    Rapacchietta, O.C.2    Vejar, M.3
  • 111
    • 84872553033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver injury associated with glucosamine dietary supplement
    • Ebrahim V., Albeldawi M., Chiang D.J. Acute liver injury associated with glucosamine dietary supplement. BMJ Case Rep 2012, 10.1136/bcr-2012-007665.
    • (2012) BMJ Case Rep
    • Ebrahim, V.1    Albeldawi, M.2    Chiang, D.J.3
  • 112
    • 84902541730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rules 2005: implementation of the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
    • US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Available at: Accessed February 25,2013.
    • US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Rules 2005: implementation of the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004. Available at: Accessed February 25,2013. http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/fed_regs/rules/2005/fr1216/htm.
  • 113
    • 0019566689 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids
    • Ishak K.G. Hepatic lesions caused by anabolic and contraceptive steroids. Semin Liver Dis 1981, 1:116-128.
    • (1981) Semin Liver Dis , vol.1 , pp. 116-128
    • Ishak, K.G.1
  • 114
    • 0021735872 scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroids: a review of the literature
    • Haupt H.A., Rovere G.D. Anabolic steroids: a review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 1984, 12:469-484.
    • (1984) Am J Sports Med , vol.12 , pp. 469-484
    • Haupt, H.A.1    Rovere, G.D.2
  • 115
    • 0033406253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects exerted by anabolic-androgenic steroid stanozolol in adult male rats
    • Boada L.D., Zumbado M., Torres S., et al. Evaluation of acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects exerted by anabolic-androgenic steroid stanozolol in adult male rats. Arch Toxicol 1999, 73:465-472.
    • (1999) Arch Toxicol , vol.73 , pp. 465-472
    • Boada, L.D.1    Zumbado, M.2    Torres, S.3
  • 116
    • 58049097849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anabolic steroid abuse causing recurrent hepatic adenomas and hemorrhage
    • Marin N.M., Dayyeh B.K., Chung R.T. Anabolic steroid abuse causing recurrent hepatic adenomas and hemorrhage. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:4573-4575.
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 4573-4575
    • Marin, N.M.1    Dayyeh, B.K.2    Chung, R.T.3
  • 117
    • 84859003015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholestasis secondary to anabolic steroid use in young men
    • 4e468
    • Elsharkawy A.M., McPherson S., Masson S., et al. Cholestasis secondary to anabolic steroid use in young men. BMJ 2012, 34. 4e468.
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.34
    • Elsharkawy, A.M.1    McPherson, S.2    Masson, S.3
  • 118
    • 0020959204 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic lesions in patients on anabolic therapy
    • Turani H., Levi J., Levin D., et al. Hepatic lesions in patients on anabolic therapy. Isr J Med Sci 1983, 19:332-337.
    • (1983) Isr J Med Sci , vol.19 , pp. 332-337
    • Turani, H.1    Levi, J.2    Levin, D.3
  • 119
    • 84865470468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic hepatitis in a group of 20 male body-builders taking dietary supplements
    • Timchec-Hariri A., Balali-Mood M., Aryan E., et al. Toxic hepatitis in a group of 20 male body-builders taking dietary supplements. Food Chem Toxicol 2012, 50:3826-3832.
    • (2012) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.50 , pp. 3826-3832
    • Timchec-Hariri, A.1    Balali-Mood, M.2    Aryan, E.3
  • 120
    • 67650860238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hepatotoxicity caused by a Methasteron-containing performance-enhancing supplement
    • Singh V., Rudraraju M., Carey E., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity caused by a Methasteron-containing performance-enhancing supplement. JClin Gastroenterol 2009, 43:287.
    • (2009) JClin Gastroenterol , vol.43 , pp. 287
    • Singh, V.1    Rudraraju, M.2    Carey, E.3
  • 121
    • 8544253722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplement use in the adolescent athlete
    • DesJardins M. Supplement use in the adolescent athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep 2002, 1:369-373.
    • (2002) Curr Sports Med Rep , vol.1 , pp. 369-373
    • DesJardins, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.