A systematic review on improving cognition in schizophrenia: Which is the more commonly used type of training, practice or strategy learning?

BMC Psychiatry

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Paquin, Karine ^a   Wilson, Alexa L ^b   Cellard, Caroline ^c   Lecomte, Tania ^a   Potvin, Stéphane ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b Civil and Environmental Engineering   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognition; Explicit; Implicit; Neurocognition; Schizophrenia; Sociocognition; Training

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE ADAPTATION TRAINING; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; COGNITIVE REMEDIATION; COGNITIVE STRATEGY TRAINING; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPUTER ASSISTED COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; GROUP THERAPY; HUMAN; MEMORY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL APPROACH TO REMEDIATION; OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRAINING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; LEARNING; PSYCHOLOGY;

COGNITION; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; LEARNING; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 84902291182     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1471244X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-139     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Meesters PD, Stek ML, Comijs HC, de Haan L, Patterson TL, Eikelenboom P, Beekman ATF. Social functioning among older community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia: a review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010, 18(10):862-878. 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181e446ff, 20808137.
2. Raffard S, Gely-Nargeot MC, Capdevielle D, Bayard S, Boulenger JP. Learning potential and cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Encéphale 2009, 35(4):353-360.
3. Nuechterlein KH, Green MF, Kern RS, Baade LE, Barch DM, Cohen JD. The MATRICS consensus cognitive battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity. Am J Psychiatry 2008, 165(2):203-213. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07010042, 18172019.
4. Schaefer J, Giangrande E, Weinberger DR, Dickinson D. The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: consistent over decades and around the world. Schizophr Res 2013, 150(1):42-50. 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.009, 23911259.
5. Lecardeur L, Stip E, Giguere M, Blouin G, Rodriguez J-P, Champagne-Lavau M. Effects of cognitive remediation therapies on psychotic symptoms and cognitive complaints in patients with schizophrenia and related disorders: a randomized study. Schizophr Res 2009, 111(1-3):153-158.
6. Wolwer W, Frommann N. Social-cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: generalization of effects of the Training of Affect Recognition (TAR). Schizophr Bull 2011, 37(Suppl 2):S63-S70. 10.1093/schbul/sbr071, 3160117, 21860049.
7. Keefe RS, Vinogradov S, Medalia A, Silverstein SM, Bell MD, Dickinson D, Ventura J, Marder SR, Stroup T. Report from the working group conference on multisite trial design for cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2011, 37(Suppl 5):1057-1065. 3160227, 20194249.
8. Kurtz M, Seltzer J, Shagan D, Thime W, Wexler B. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: what is the active ingredient?. Schizophr Res 2007, 89(1-3):251-260. 2095777, 17070671.
9. Revheim N, Schechter I, Kim D, Silipo G, Allingham B, Butler P, Javitt DC. Neurocognitive and symptom correlates of daily problem-solving skills in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006, 83(2-3):237-245.
10. Green MF. What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?. Am J Psychiatry 1996, 153(3):321-330.
11. Lesh TA, Niendam TA, Minzenberg MJ, Carter CS. Cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia: mechanisms and meaning. Neuropsychopharmacol 2011, 36(1):316-338.
12. McGurk SR, Twamley EW, Sitzer DI, McHugo GJ, Mueser KT. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164(12):1791-1802. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07060906, 3634703, 18056233.
13. Franck N. Cognitive remediation for patients with schizophrenia. Ann Medico-Psychol 2007, 165(3):187-190.
14. Wykes T, Huddy V, Cellard C, McGurk SR, Czobor P. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. Am J Psychiatry 2011, 168(5):472-485. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060855, 21406461.
15. Aleman A, Hijman R, de Haanm EHF, Kahn RS. Memory impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 256:1358-1366.
16. Heinrichs RW, Zakzanis KK. Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychol 1998, 12:426-445.
17. Keri S, Kelemen O, Szekeres G, Bagoczky N, Erdelyi R, Antal A, Benedek G, Janka Z. Schizophrenics know more than they can tell: probabilistic classification learning in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2000, 30(1):149-155. 10.1017/S0033291799001403, 10722185.
18. Weickert TW, Terrazas A, Bigelow LB, Malley JD, Hyde T, Egan MF, Weinberger DR, Goldberg TE. Habit and skill learning in schizophrenia: evidence of normal striatal processing with abnormal cortical input. Learn Mem 2002, 9(6):430-442. 10.1101/lm.49102, 187584, 12464703.
19. Danion JM, Meulemans T, Kauffmann-Muller F, Vermaat H. Intact implicit learning in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158(6):944-948. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.944, 11384904.
20. Hsieh MH, Liu K, Liu S-K, Chiu M-J, Hwu H-G, Chen ACN. Memory impairment and auditory evoked potential gating deficit in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2004, 130(2):161-169. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2002.12.001, 15033186.
21. Kurtz M, Richardson CL. Social cognitive training for schizophrenia: a meta-analytic investigation of controlled research. Schizoph Bull 2011, 38(5):1092-1104. 3446217, 21525166.
22. Grynszpan O, Perbal S, Pelissolo A, Fossati P, Jouvent R, Dubal S, Perez-Diaz F. Efficacy and specificity of computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: a meta-analytical study. Psychol Med 2011, 41(1):163-173. 10.1017/S0033291710000607, 20380784.
23. Medalia A, Saperstein AM. Does cognitive remediation for schizophrenia improve functional outcomes?. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2013, 26:151-157. 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835dcbd4, 23318663.
24. Bark N, Revheim N, Huq F, Khalderov V, Ganz ZW, Medalia A. The impact of cognitive remediation on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2003, 63:229-235.
25. Blairy S, Neumann A, Nutthals F, Pierret L, Collet D, Philippot P. Improvements in autobiographical memory of schizophrenia patients after a cognitive intervention: a preliminary study. Psychopathol 2008, 41(6):388-396.
26. Bowie CR, McGurk SR, Mausbach B, Patterson TL, Harvey PD. Combined cognitive remediation and functional skills training for schizophrenia: effects on cognition, functional competence, and real-world behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2012, 169(7):710-718.
27. Bowie CR, Grossman M, Gupta M, Oyewumi LK, Harvey PD. Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Efficacy and effectiveness in patients with early versus long-term course of illness. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013, 8(1):32-38.
28. Dickinson D, Tenhula W, Morris S, Brown C, Peer J, Spencer K, Li L, Gold JM, Bellack AS. A randomized, controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2010, 167(2):170-180. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020264, 20008941.
29. Fiszdon JM, Whelahan H, Bryson GJ, Wexler BE, Bell MD. Cognitive training of verbal memory using a dichotic listening paradigm: impact on symptoms and cognition. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005, 112:187-193. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00565.x, 16095473.
30. Gharaeipour M, Scott BJ. Effects of cognitive remediation on neurocognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia inpatients. Schizoph Res 2012, 142:165-170.
31. Hansen JP, Ostergaard B, Nordentoft M, Hounsgaard L. The feasibility of cognitive adaptation training for outpatients with schizophrenia in integrated treatment. Community Ment Health J 2012, 1-6.
32. Hodge MAR, Siciliano D, Withey P, Moss B, Moore G, Judd G, Shores EA, Harris A. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 2010, 36(2):419-427. 10.1093/schbul/sbn102, 2833118, 18718884.
33. Ikezawa S, Mogami T, Hayami Y, Sato I, Kato T, Kimura I, Pu S, Kaneko K, Nakagome K. The pilot study of a neuropsychological educational approach to cognitive remediation for patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Psychiatry Res 2012, 195(3):107-110. 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.020, 21813186.
34. Kern RS, Liberman RP, Becker DR, Drake RE, Sugar CA, Green MF. Errorless learning for training individuals with schizophrenia at a community mental health setting providing work experience. Schizoph Bull 2009, 35(4):807-815. 10.1093/schbul/sbn010, 2696371, 18326529.
35. Kidd SA, Bajwa JK, McKenzie KJ, Ganguli R, Khamneh BH. Cognitive remediation for individuals with psychosis in a supported education setting: a pilot study. Rehabil Res Pract 2012, 2012(715176):5.
36. McGurk SR, Mueser KT, Pascaris A. Cognitive training and supported employment for persons with severe mental illness: one-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Schizoph Bull 2005, 31(4):898-909. 10.1093/schbul/sbi037, 16079391.
37. McGurk SR, Mueser KT, Feldman K, Wolfe R, Pascaris A. Cognitive training for supported employment: 2-3 year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164(3):437-441. 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.3.437, 17329468.
38. Medalia A, Revheim N, Casey M. The remediation of problem-solving skills in schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 2001, 27(2):259-267. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006872, 11354593.
39. Penades R, Boget T, Catalan R, Bernardo M, Gasto C, Salamero M. Cognitive mechanisms, psychosocial functioning, and neurocognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2003, 63(3):219-227.
40. Penades R, Catalan R, Salamero M, Boget T, Puig O, Guarch J, Gasto C. Cognitive remediation therapy for outpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a controlled and randomized study. Schizoph Res 2006, 87:323-331.
41. Poletti S, Anselmetti S, Bechi M, Ermoli E, Bosia M, Smeraldi E, Cavallaro R. Computer-aided neurocognitive remediation in schizophrenia: durability of rehabilitation outcomes in a follow-up study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2010, 20(5):659-674. 10.1080/09602011003683158, 20661811.
42. Royer A, Grosselin A, Bellot C, Pellet J, Billard S, Lang F, Brouillet D, Massoubre C. Is there any impact of cognitive remediation on an ecological test in schizophrenia?. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2012, 17(1):19-35. 10.1080/13546805.2011.564512, 21707472.
43. Silverstein SM, Hatashita-Wong M, Solak BA, Uhlhaas P, Landa Y, Wilkniss SM, Goicochea C, Carpiniello K, Schenkel LS, Savitz A, Smith TE. Effectiveness of a two-phase cognitive rehabilitation intervention for severely impaired schizophrenia patients. Psychol Med 2005, 35(6):829-837. 10.1017/S0033291704003356, 15997603.
44. Spaulding WD, Reed D, Sullivan M, Richardson C, Weiler M. Effects of cognitive treatment in psychiatric rehabilitation. Schizoph Bull 1999, 25(4):657-676. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033409, 10667738.
45. Twamley EW, Savla GN, Zurhellen CH, Heaton RK, Jeste DV. Development and pilot testing of a novel compensatory cognitive training intervention for people with psychosis. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2008, 11(2):144-163.
46. Vauth R, Corrigan PW, Clauss M, Dietl M, Dreher-Rudolph M, Stieglitz R-D, Vater R. Cognitive strategies versus self-management skills as adjunct to vocational rehabilitation. Schizoph Bull 2005, 31(1):55-66. 10.1093/schbul/sbi013, 15888425.
47. Wykes T, Reeder C, Corner J, Williams C, Everitt B. The effects of neurocognitive remediation on executive processing in patients with schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 1999, 25(2):291-307. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033379, 10416732.
48. Wykes T, Reeder C, Williams C, Corner J, Rice C, Everitt B. Are the effects of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) durable? Results from an exploratory trial in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2003, 61:163-174.
49. Wykes T, Reeder C, Landau S, Everitt B, Knapp M, Patel A, Romeo R. Cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2007, 190:421-427. 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.026575, 17470957.
50. Wykes T, Newton E, Landau S, Rice C, Thompson N, Frangou S. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for young early onset patients with schizophrenia: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Schizoph Res 2007, 94(1-3):221-230.
51. Bell M, Bryson G, Greig TC, Corcoran C, Wexler B. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001, 58:763-768. 10.1001/archpsyc.58.8.763, 11483142.
52. Bell M, Bryson G, Wexler BE. Cognitive remediation of working memory deficits: durability of training effects in severely impaired and less severely impaired schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003, 108(2):101-109. 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00090.x, 12823166.
53. Bell M, Bryson G, Greig TC, Fiszdon JM, Wexler B. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy: productivity outcomes at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. J Rehabil Res Dev 2005, 42(6):829-838. 10.1682/JRRD.2005.03.0061, 16680620.
54. Bell M, Fiszdon JM, Greig TC, Wexler B, Bryson G. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with work therapy in schizophrenia: 6-month follow-up of neuropsychological performance. J Rehabil Res Dev 2007, 44(5):761-770. 10.1682/JRRD.2007.02.0032, 17943687.
55. Bell MD, Zito W, Greig TC, Wexler B. Neurocognitive enhancement therapy with vocational services: work outcomes at two-year follow-up. Schizoph Res 2008, 105:18-29.
56. Belluci DM, Glaberman K, Haslam N. Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation reduces negative symptoms in the severely mentally ill. Schizophr Res 2002, 59:225-232.
57. Chan CL, Ngai EK, Leung PK, Wong S. Effect of the adapted virtual reality cognitive training program among Chinese older adults with chronic schizophrenia: a pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009, 25(6):643-649.
58. d'Amato T, Bation R, Cochet A, Jalenques I, Galland F, Giraud-Baro E, Pacaud-Troncin M, Augier-Astolfi F, Llorca P-M, Saoud M, Brunelin J. A randomized, controlled trial of computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2011, 125(2-3):284-290.
59. D'Souza DC, Radhakrishnan R, Perry E, Bhakta S, Singh NM, Yadav R, Abi-Saab D, Pittman B, Chaturvedi SK, Sharma MP, Bell M, Andrada C. Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the combination of d-serine and computerized cognitive retraining in schizophrenia: an International Collaborative Pilot Study. Neuropsychopharmacol 2012, 1-12.
60. Farreny A, Aguado J, Ochoa S, Huerta-Ramos E, Marsa F, Lopez-Carrilero R, Carral V, Haro JM, Usall J. REPYFLEC cognitive remediation group training in schizophrenai. Looking for an integrative approach. Schizoph Res 2012, 142:137-144.
61. Field CD, Galletly C, Anderson D, Walker P. Computer-aided cognitive rehabilitation: possible application to the attentional deficit of schizophrenia, a report of negative results. Percept Mot Skills 1997, 85:995-1002. 10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.995, 9399309.
62. Fisher M, Holland C, Merzenich MM, Vinogradov S. Using neuroplasticity-based auditory training to improve verbal memory in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2009, 166(7):805-811. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08050757, 2720319, 19448187.
63. Fisher M, Holland C, Subramaniam K, Vinogradov S. Neuroplasticity-based cognitive training in schizophrenia: an interim report on the effects 6 months later. Schizoph Bull 2010, 36(4):869-879. 10.1093/schbul/sbn170, 2894606, 19269924.
64. Fiszdon JM, Bryson GJ, Wexler BE, Bell MD. Durability of cognitive remediation training in schizophrenia: performance on two memory tasks at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Psychiatry Res 2004, 125(1):1-7. 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.10.004, 14967547.
65. Greig TC, Zito W, Wexler BE, Fiszdon J, Bell MD. Improved cognitive function in schizophrenia after one year of cognitive training and vocational services. Schizoph Res 2007, 96(1-3):156-161.
66. Habel U, Koch K, Kellerman T, Reske M, Frommann N, Wolwer W, Zilles K, Shah NJ, Schneider F. Training of affect recognition in schizophrenia: neurobiological correlates. Soc Neurosci 2010, 5(1):92-104. 10.1080/17470910903170269, 19821187.
67. Kontis D, Huddy V, Reeder C, Landau S, Wykes T. Effects of age and cognitive reserve on cognitive remediation therapy. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013, 21(3):218-230. 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.013, 23395189.
68. Lindenmayer J-P, McGurk SR, Mueser KT, Khan A, Wance D, Hoffman L, Wolfe R, Xie H. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive remediation among inpatients with persistent mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 2008, 59(3):241-247. 10.1176/appi.ps.59.3.241, 18308903.
69. Lopez-Luengo B, Vazquez C. Effects of attention process training on cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients. Psychiatry Res 2003, 119:41-53. 10.1016/S0165-1781(03)00102-1, 12860359.
70. Medalia A, Aluma M, Tryon W, Merriam AE. Effectiveness of attention training in schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 1998, 24(1):147-152. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033306, 9502552.
71. Medalia A, Revheim N, Casey M. Remediation of memory disoders in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2000, 30:1451-1459. 10.1017/S0033291799002913, 11097085.
72. Murthy NV, Mahncke H, Wexler BE, Maruff P, Inamdar A, Zucchetto M, Lund J, Shabbir S, Shergill S, Keshavan M, Kapur S, Laruelle M, Alexander R. Computerized cognitive remediation training for schizophrenia: an open label, multi-site, multinational methodology study. Schizoph Res 2012, 139:87-91.
73. Nemoto T, Yamazawa R, Kobayashi H, Fujita N, Chino B, Fujii C, Kashima H, Rassovsky Y, Green MF, Mizuno M. Cognitive training for divergent thinking in schizophrenia: a pilot study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009, 33(8):1533-1536. 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.08.015, 19733608.
74. Norton DJ, McBain RK, Ongur D, Chen Y. Perceptual training strongly improves visual motion perception in schizophrenia. Brain Cogn 2011, 77:248-256. 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.08.003, 3195882, 21872380.
75. Penades R, Pujol N, Catalan R, Massana G, Rametti G, Garcia-Rizo C, Bargallo N, Gasto C, Bernardo M, Junque C. Brain effects of cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia: a structural and functional neuroimaging study. Biol Psychiatry 2013, 73:1015-1023. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.017, 23452665.
76. Popov T, Jordanov T, Rockstroch B, Elbert T, Merzenich MM, Miller GA. Specific cognitive training normalizes auditory sensory gating in schizophrenia: a randomized trial. Biol Psychiatry 2011, 69:465-471. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.028, 21092939.
77. Popov T, Rockstroch B, Weisz N, Elbert T, Miller GA. Adjusting brain dynamics in schizophrenia by means of perceptual and cognitive training. PLoS One 2012, 7(7):e39051. 10.1371/journal.pone.0039051, 3399837, 22815697.
78. Rass O, Forsyth JK, Bolbecker AR, Hetrick WP, Breier A, Lysaker PH, O'Donnell BF. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: a randomized single-blind pilot study. Schizoph Res 2012, 139(1-3):92-98.
79. Rauchensteiner S, Kawohl W, Ozgurdal S, Littmann E, Gudlowski Y, Witthaus H, Heinz A, Juckel G. Test-performance after cognitive training in persons at risk mental state of schizophrenia and patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2011, 185:334-339. 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.003, 20493540.
80. Rodewald K, Rentrop M, Holt DV, Roesch-Ely D, Backenstras M, Funke J, Weisbrod M, Kaiser S. Planning and problem-solving training for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2011, 11:73. 10.1186/1471-244X-11-73, 3103422, 21527028.
81. Sartory G, Zorn C, Groetzinger G, Windgassen K. Computerized cognitive remediation improves verbal learning and processing speed in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2005, 75(2-3):219-223.
82. Subramaniam K, Luks TL, Fisher M, Simpson GV, Nagarajan S, Vinogradov S. Computerized cognitive training restores neural activity within the reality monitoring network in schizophrenia. Neuron 2012, 73:842-853. 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.024, 3295613, 22365555.
83. Surti TS, Corbera S, Bell MD, Wexler BE. Successful computer-based visual training specifically predicts visual memory enhancement over verbal memory improvement in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2011, 132(2-3):131-134.
84. Wexler BE, Hawkins KA, Rounsaville B, Anderson M, Sernyak MJ, Green MF. Normal neurocognitive performance after extended practice in patients with schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 1997, 26(2-3):173-180.
85. Choi K-H, Kwon J-H. Social cognition enhancement training for schizophrenia: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Community Ment Health J 2006, 42(2):177-187. 10.1007/s10597-005-9023-6, 16732472.
86. Combs D, Adams SD, Penn DL, Roberts D, Tiegreen J, Stem P. Social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) for inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: preliminary findings. Schizoph Res 2007, 91:112-116.
87. Combs D, Elerson K, Penn DL, Tiegreen JA, Nelson A, Ledet SN, Basso MR. Stability and generalization of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) for schizophrenia: six-month follow-up results. Schizoph Res 2009, 112(1-3):196-197.
88. Corrigan PW, Hirschbeck JN, Wolfe M. Memory and vigilance training to improve social perception in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 1995, 17(3):257-265.
89. Eack SM, Hogarty GE, Greenwald DP, Hogarty SS, Keshavan M. Cognitive enhancement therapy improves emotional intelligence in early course schizophrenia: preliminary effects. Schizoph Res 2007, 89:308-311.
90. Fuentes I, Garcia S, Ruiz JC, Soler M, Roder V. Social perception training in schizophrenia: a pilot study. Int J Psychol 2007, 7(1):1-12.
91. Garcia S, Fuentes I, Ruiz JC, Gallach E, Roder V. Application of the IPT in a Spanish sample: evaluation of the " social perception subprogramme" . Int J Psychol 2003, 3(2):299-310.
92. Hodel B, Kern RS, Brenner HD. Emotion Management Training (EMT) in persons with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: First results. Schizoph Res 2004, 68:107-108.
93. Horan W, Kern RS, Shokat-Fadai K, Sergi MJ, Wynn JK, Green MF. Social cognitive skills training in schizophrenia: an initial efficacy study of stabilized outpatients. Schizoph Res 2009, 107(1):47-54.
94. Horan WP, Kern RS, Tripp C, Hellemann G, Wynn JK, Bell M, Marder SR, Green MF. Efficacy and specificity of social cognitive skills training for outpatients with psychotic disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2011, 45:1113-1122. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.01.015, 21377168.
95. Kayser N, Sarfati Y, Besche C, Hardy-Bayle M-C. Elaboration of a rehabilitation method based on a pathogenetic hypothesis of " theory of mind" impairment in schizophrenia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2006, 16(1):83-95. 10.1080/09602010443000236, 16509520.
96. Lindenmayer J-P, McGurk SR, Khan A, Kaushik S, Thanju A, Hoffman L, Valdez G, Wance D, Herrman E. Improving social cognition in schizophrenia: a pilot intervention combining computerized social cognition training with cognitive remediation. Schizoph Bull 2012, 39(3):507-517. 3627756, 23125396.
97. Mazza M, Lucci G, Pacitti F, Pino MC, Mariano M, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Could schizophrenic subjects improve their social cognition abilities only with observation and imitation of social situations?. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2010, 20(5):675-703. 10.1080/09602011.2010.486284, 20714969.
98. Marsh P, Langdon R, McGuire J, Harris A, Polito V, Coltheart M. An open clinical trial assessing a novel training program for social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Australas Psychiatry 2013, 21(2):122-126. 10.1177/1039856213475683, 23411126.
99. Penn D, Roberts D, Combs D, Sterne A. The development of the social cognition and interaction training program for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychiatric Serv 2007, 58(4):449-451.
100. Roberts DL, Penn DL. Social cognition and interaction training (SCIT) for outpatients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Psychiatry Res 2009, 166(2-3):141-147.
101. Russell TA, Green MJ, Simpson I, Coltheart M. Remediation of facial emotion perception in schizophrenia: concomitant changes in visual attention. Schizoph Res 2008, 103(1-3):248-256.
102. Sanz DG, Lorenzo MD, Seco RB, Rodriguez MA, Martinez IL, Calleja RS, Soltero AA. Efficacy of a social cognition training program for schizophrenic patients: a pilot study. Span J Psychol 2009, 12(1):184-191. 10.1017/S1138741600001591, 19476231.
103. Silver H, Goodman C, Knoll G, Isakov V. Brief emotion training improves recognition of facial emotions in chronic schizophrenia. A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2004, 128:147-154. 10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.002, 15488957.
104. Tas C, Danaci AE, Cubukcuoglu Z, Brune M. Impact of family involvement on social cognition training in clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia - A randomized pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2012, 195(1-2):32-38.
105. van der Gaag M, Kern RS, van den Bosch RJ, Liberman RP. A controlled trial of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 2002, 28(1):167-176. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006919, 12047016.
106. Wolwer W, Frommann N, Halfmann S, Piaszek A, Streit M, Gaebel W. Remediation of impairments in facial affect recognition in schizophrenia: efficacy and specificity of a new training program. Schizoph Res 2005, 80:295-303.
107. Wolwer W, Frommann N. Social-cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: generalization of effects of the training of affect recognition (TAR). Schizoph Bull 2011, 37(2):63-70.
108. Eack SM, Greenwald DP, Hogarty SS, Cooley SJ, DiBarry AL, Montrose DM, Keshavan MS. Cognitive enhancement therapy for early-course schizophrenia: effects of a two-year randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric Serv 2009, 60(11):1468-1476.
109. Galderisi S, Piegari G, Mucci A, Acerra A, Luciano L, Rabasca AF, Santucci F, Valente A, Volpe M, Mastantuono P, Maj M. Social skills and neurocognitive individualized training in schizophrenia: comparison with structured leisure activities. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010, 260(4):305-315. 10.1007/s00406-009-0078-1, 19826855.
110. Hadas-Lidor N, Katz N, Tyano S, Weizman A. Effectiveness of dynamic cognitive intervention in rehabilitation of clients with schizophrenia. Clin Rehabil 2001, 15(4):349-359. 10.1191/026921501678310153, 11518436.
111. Hogarty SS, Flesher S, Ulrich R, Carter M, Greenwald DP, Pogue-Geile M, Kechavan M, Cooley SJ, DiBarry AL, Garrett A, Parepally H, Zoretich R. Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004, 61:866-876. 10.1001/archpsyc.61.9.866, 15351765.
112. Hogarty GE, Greenwald DP, Eack SM. Durability and mechanism of effects of cognitive enhancement therapy. Psychiatric Serv 2006, 57(12):1751-1757.
113. Lewandowski KE, Eack SM, Hogarty SS, Greenwald DP, Keshavan M. Is cognitive enhancement therapy equally effective for patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder?. Schizoph Res 2011, 125:291-294.
114. Sacks S, Fisher M, Garrett C, Alexander P, Holland C, Rose D, Hooker C, Vinogradov S. Combining computerized social cognitive training with neuroplasticity-based auditory training in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 2013, 73:935-937.
115. Ueland T, Rund BR. A controlled randomized treatment study: the effects of a cognitive remediation program on adolescents with early onset psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004, 109:70-74. 10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00239.x, 14674961.
116. Ueland T, Rund BR. Cognitive remediation for adolescents with early onset psychosis: a 1-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005, 111:193-201. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00503.x, 15701103.
117. Veltro F, Mazza M, Vendittelli N, Alberti M, Casacchia M, Roncone R. A comparison of the effectiveness of problem solving training and of cognitive-emotional rehabilitation on neurocognition, social cognition and social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2011, 7:123-132. 10.2174/1745017901107010123, 3141333, 21792373.
118. Vita A, De Peri L, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Cisima M, Deste G, Cesana BM, Sacchetti E. Psychopathologic, neuropsychological and functional outcome measures during cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenia: a prospective controlled study in a real-world setting. Eur Psychiatry 2011, 26:276-283.
119. Vita A, De Peri L, Barlati S, Cacciani P, Deste G, Poli R, Agrimi E, Cesana BM, Sacchetti E. Effectiveness of different modalities of cognitive remediation on symptomatological, neuropsychological, and functional outcome domaines in schizophrenia: a prospective study in a real-world setting. Schizoph Res 2011, 133:223-231.
120. Cavallaro R, Anselmetti S, Poletti S, Bechi M, Ermoli E, Cocchi F, Stratta P, Vita A, Rossi A, Smeraldi E. Computer-aided neurocognitive remediation as an enhancing strategy for schizophrenia rehabilitation. Psychiatry Res 2009, 169(3):191-196. 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.027, 19740550.
121. Hooker CI, Bruce L, Fisher M, Verosky SC, Miyakawa A, Vinogradov S. Neural activity during emotion recognition after combined cognitive plus social cognitive training in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2012, 139:53-59.
122. Yang J, Li P. Brain networks of explicit and implicit learning. PLoS One 2012, 7(8):e42993. 10.1371/journal.pone.0042993, 3432050, 22952624.
123. Penn DL, Mueser KT, Doonan R, Nishith P. Relations between social skills and ward behavior in chronic schizophrenia. J Schizoph Res 1995, 16:225-232.
124. Pinkham AE, Penn DL. Neurocognitive and social cognitive predictors of interpersonal skill in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2006, 143:167-178. 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.005, 16859754.
125. Gawronski B, Payne BK. Handbook of implicit social social cognition: measurement, theory, and applications 2010, 80-95. New York: Guilfort Press.
126. Cromwell RL. Assessment or schizophrenia. Annu Rev Psychol 1975, 26:593-619. 10.1146/annurev.ps.26.020175.003113, 1094933.
127. Moritz S, Veckenstedt R, Randjbar S, Vitzthum F, Woodward T. Antipsychotic treatment beyond antipsychotics: metacognitive intervention for schizophrenia patients improves delusional symptoms. Psychol Med 2011, 41(9):1823-1832. 10.1017/S0033291710002618, 21275083.
128. Cook S, Chambers E, Coleman JH. Occupational therapy for people with psychotic conditions in community settings: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2009, 23(1):40-52. 10.1177/0269215508098898, 19114436.
129. Kopelowicz A, Liberman RP, Zarate R. Recent advances in social skills training for schizophrenia. Schizoph Bull 2006, 32(Suppl 1):S12-S23. 2632540, 16885207.
130. Lysaker PH, Erickson M, Ringer J, Buck KD, Semerari A, Carcione A, Dimaggio G. Metacognition in schizophrenia: the relationship of mastery to coping, insight, self-esteem, social anxiety, and various facets of neurocognition. Br J Clin Psychol 2011, 50(4):412-424. 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2010.02003.x, 22003950.
131. Kingsep P, Nathan P, Castle D. Cognitive behavioural group treatment for social anxiety in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res 2003, 63:121-129.
132. Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. J Am Med Assoc 1990, 264:2511-2518.