메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue MAY, 2014, Pages

Spinal motor outputs during step-to-step transitions of diverse human gaits

Author keywords

Backward; EMG; Motoneurons; Spinal mapping; Tiptoe; Uphill; Walking

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; ELECTROMYOGRAM; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEG MUSCLE; MALE; MOTOR CONTROL; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NORMAL HUMAN; SPINAL CORD MOTONEURON; WALKING;

EID: 84901304186     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16625161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00305     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0031431386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion
    • doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00225.x
    • Andersson, E., Nilsson, J., and Thorstensson, A. (1997). Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion. Acta Physiol. Scand. 161, 361-370. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00225.x
    • (1997) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.161 , pp. 361-370
    • Andersson, E.1    Nilsson, J.2    Thorstensson, A.3
  • 2
    • 84892150602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modular organization of axial microcircuits in zebrafish
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1245629
    • Bagnall, M. W., and McLean, D. L. (2014). Modular organization of axial microcircuits in zebrafish. Science 343, 197-200. doi: 10.1126/science.1245629
    • (2014) Science , vol.343 , pp. 197-200
    • Bagnall, M.W.1    McLean, D.L.2
  • 3
    • 84892673750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticospinal neuroprostheses to restore locomotion after spinal cord injury
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.10.001
    • Borton, D., Bonizzato, M., Beauparlant, J., Digiovanna, J., Moraud, E. M., Wenger, N., et al. (2014). Corticospinal neuroprostheses to restore locomotion after spinal cord injury. Neurosci. Res. 78, 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.10.001
    • (2014) Neurosci. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 21-29
    • Borton, D.1    Bonizzato, M.2    Beauparlant, J.3    Digiovanna, J.4    Moraud, E.M.5    Wenger, N.6
  • 4
    • 84889071265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A computational model for epidural electrical stimulation of spinal sensorimotor circuits
    • doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1688-13.2013
    • Capogrosso, M., Wenger, N., Raspopovic, S., Musienko, P., Beauparlant, J., Bassi Luciani, L., et al. (2013). A computational model for epidural electrical stimulation of spinal sensorimotor circuits. J. Neurosci. 33, 19326-19340. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1688-13.2013
    • (2013) J. Neurosci. , vol.33 , pp. 19326-19340
    • Capogrosso, M.1    Wenger, N.2    Raspopovic, S.3    Musienko, P.4    Beauparlant, J.5    Bassi Luciani, L.6
  • 5
    • 78650908733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration of motor pool activity in the spinal cord reflects body mechanics in human locomotion
    • doi: 10.1152/jn.00318.2010
    • Cappellini, G., Ivanenko, Y. P., Dominici, N., Poppele, R. E., and Lacquaniti, F. (2010). Migration of motor pool activity in the spinal cord reflects body mechanics in human locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 104, 3064-3073. doi: 10.1152/jn.00318.2010
    • (2010) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.104 , pp. 3064-3073
    • Cappellini, G.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Dominici, N.3    Poppele, R.E.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 6
    • 0031897622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. II. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for upslope and level walking
    • Carlson-Kuhta, P., Trank, T. V., and Smith, J. L. (1998). Forms of forward quadrupedal locomotion. II. A comparison of posture, hindlimb kinematics, and motor patterns for upslope and level walking. J. Neurophysiol. 79, 1687-1701.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.79 , pp. 1687-1701
    • Carlson-Kuhta, P.1    Trank, T.V.2    Smith, J.L.3
  • 7
    • 0012853203 scopus 로고
    • Topography of terminal motor innervation in striated muscles from stillborn infants
    • doi: 10.1097/00002060-195904000-00005
    • Christensen, E. (1959). Topography of terminal motor innervation in striated muscles from stillborn infants. Am. J. Phys. Med. 38, 65-78. doi: 10.1097/00002060-195904000-00005
    • (1959) Am. J. Phys. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 65-78
    • Christensen, E.1
  • 8
    • 80055049108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational aspects of MN activity estimation: A case study with post-stroke subjects
    • doi: 10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975405
    • Coscia, M., Monaco, V., Capogrosso, M., Chisari, C., and Micera, S. (2011). Computational aspects of MN activity estimation: a case study with post-stroke subjects. IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robot. Proc. 2011, 5975405. doi: 10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975405
    • (2011) IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Robot. Proc. , vol.2011 , pp. 5975405
    • Coscia, M.1    Monaco, V.2    Capogrosso, M.3    Chisari, C.4    Micera, S.5
  • 9
    • 76749128886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of foot posture on the cost of transport in humans
    • doi: 10.1242/jeb.038984
    • Cunningham, C. B., Schilling, N., Anders, C., and Carrier, D. R. (2010). The influence of foot posture on the cost of transport in humans. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 790-797. doi: 10.1242/jeb.038984
    • (2010) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.213 , pp. 790-797
    • Cunningham, C.B.1    Schilling, N.2    Anders, C.3    Carrier, D.R.4
  • 10
    • 14544298345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors
    • doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500199102
    • D'Avella, A., and Bizzi, E. (2005). Shared and specific muscle synergies in natural motor behaviors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 3076-3081. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0500199102
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.102 , pp. 3076-3081
    • D'Avella, A.1    Bizzi, E.2
  • 11
    • 84983397275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying muscle synergies from EMG decomposition: Approaches, evidence, and potential application to neurorehabilitation
    • in, eds J. L. Pons, D. Torricelli, and M. Pajaro (Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg)
    • D'Avella, A., Cesqui, B., and Lacquaniti, F. (2013). "Identifying muscle synergies from EMG decomposition: approaches, evidence, and potential application to neurorehabilitation, " in Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation, eds J. L. Pons, D. Torricelli, and M. Pajaro (Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg), 1243-1247.
    • (2013) Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation , pp. 1243-1247
    • D'Avella, A.1    Cesqui, B.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 12
    • 0035652681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: Evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains
    • Day, S. J., and Hulliger, M. (2001). Experimental simulation of cat electromyogram: evidence for algebraic summation of motor-unit action-potential trains. J. Neurophysiol. 86, 2144-2158.
    • (2001) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.86 , pp. 2144-2158
    • Day, S.J.1    Hulliger, M.2
  • 13
    • 35848965238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscles do more positive than negative work in human locomotion
    • doi: 10.1242/jeb.003970
    • DeVita, P., Helseth, J., and Hortobagyi, T. (2007). Muscles do more positive than negative work in human locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 210, 3361-3373. doi: 10.1242/jeb.003970
    • (2007) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.210 , pp. 3361-3373
    • DeVita, P.1    Helseth, J.2    Hortobagyi, T.3
  • 14
    • 0036909295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking
    • Donelan, J. M., Kram, R., and Kuo, A. D. (2002). Mechanical work for step-to-step transitions is a major determinant of the metabolic cost of human walking. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 3717-3727.
    • (2002) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.205 , pp. 3717-3727
    • Donelan, J.M.1    Kram, R.2    Kuo, A.D.3
  • 15
    • 0032458911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of afferent feedback in the control of hamstrings activity during human gait
    • doi: 10.1076/ejom.36.4.0293
    • Duysens, J., van Wezel, B. M., van de Crommert, H. W., Faist, M., and Kooloos, J. G. (1998). The role of afferent feedback in the control of hamstrings activity during human gait. Eur. J. Morphol. 36, 293-299. doi: 10.1076/ejom.36.4.0293
    • (1998) Eur. J. Morphol. , vol.36 , pp. 293-299
    • Duysens, J.1    van Wezel, B.M.2    van de Crommert, H.W.3    Faist, M.4    Kooloos, J.G.5
  • 16
    • 77049208040 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic studies of motor units in normal human muscles
    • doi: 10.1159/000140989
    • Feinstein, B., Lindegard, B., Nyman, E., and Wohlfart, G. (1955). Morphologic studies of motor units in normal human muscles. Acta Anat. (Basel) 23, 127-142. doi: 10.1159/000140989
    • (1955) Acta Anat. (Basel) , vol.23 , pp. 127-142
    • Feinstein, B.1    Lindegard, B.2    Nyman, E.3    Wohlfart, G.4
  • 17
    • 84855962656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of grade and speed on leg muscle activations during walking
    • doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.08.025
    • Franz, J. R., and Kram, R. (2012). The effects of grade and speed on leg muscle activations during walking. Gait Posture 35, 143-147. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.08.025
    • (2012) Gait Posture , vol.35 , pp. 143-147
    • Franz, J.R.1    Kram, R.2
  • 18
    • 0001401407 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic study of the muscles of the foot in normal walking
    • Gersten, J. W., Mastellone, A. F., and Sheffield, F. J. (1956). Electromyographic study of the muscles of the foot in normal walking. Am. J. Phys. Med. 35, 223-236.
    • (1956) Am. J. Phys. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 223-236
    • Gersten, J.W.1    Mastellone, A.F.2    Sheffield, F.J.3
  • 19
    • 77951641295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord modularity: Evolution, development, and optimization and the possible relevance to low back pain in man
    • doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-2016-x
    • Giszter, S. F., Hart, C. B., and Silfies, S. P. (2010). Spinal cord modularity: evolution, development, and optimization and the possible relevance to low back pain in man. Exp. Brain Res. 200, 283-306. doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-2016-x
    • (2010) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.200 , pp. 283-306
    • Giszter, S.F.1    Hart, C.B.2    Silfies, S.P.3
  • 20
    • 34848927442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primitives, premotor drives, and pattern generation: A combined computational and neuroethological perspective
    • doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65020-6
    • Giszter, S., Patil, V., and Hart, C. (2007). Primitives, premotor drives, and pattern generation: a combined computational and neuroethological perspective. Prog. Brain Res. 165, 323-346. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65020-6
    • (2007) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.165 , pp. 323-346
    • Giszter, S.1    Patil, V.2    Hart, C.3
  • 21
    • 0031795953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor patterns for human gait: Backward versus forward locomotion
    • Grasso, R., Bianchi, L., and Lacquaniti, F. (1998). Motor patterns for human gait: backward versus forward locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 1868-1885.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1868-1885
    • Grasso, R.1    Bianchi, L.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 22
    • 2442448557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed plasticity of locomotor pattern generators in spinal cord injured patients
    • doi: 10.1093/brain/awh115
    • Grasso, R., Ivanenko, Y. P., Zago, M., Molinari, M., Scivoletto, G., Castellano, V., et al. (2004). Distributed plasticity of locomotor pattern generators in spinal cord injured patients. Brain 127, 1019-1034. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh115
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 1019-1034
    • Grasso, R.1    Ivanenko, Y.P.2    Zago, M.3    Molinari, M.4    Scivoletto, G.5    Castellano, V.6
  • 23
    • 0000423735 scopus 로고
    • Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods and fish
    • in, eds V. B. Brooks, J. M. Brookhart, and V. B. Mountcastle (Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society)
    • Grillner, S. (1981). "Control of locomotion in bipeds, tetrapods and fish, " in Handbook of Physiology: Section 1: The Nervous System, volume II, Part.1 Motor Control, eds V. B. Brooks, J. M. Brookhart, and V. B. Mountcastle (Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society), 1179-1236.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology: Section 1: The Nervous System, volume II, Part.1 Motor Control , pp. 1179-1236
    • Grillner, S.1
  • 24
    • 84890548078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of slow, uphill and fast, level walking on lower extremity biomechanics and tibiofemoral joint loading in obese and nonobese adults
    • doi: 10.1002/jor.22497
    • Haight, D. J., Lerner, Z. F., Board, W. J., and Browning, R. C. (2014). A comparison of slow, uphill and fast, level walking on lower extremity biomechanics and tibiofemoral joint loading in obese and nonobese adults. J. Orthop. Res. 32, 324-330. doi: 10.1002/jor.22497
    • (2014) J. Orthop. Res. , vol.32 , pp. 324-330
    • Haight, D.J.1    Lerner, Z.F.2    Board, W.J.3    Browning, R.C.4
  • 25
    • 43449095390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional MRI and other non-invasive imaging technologies: Providing visual biomarkers for spinal cord structure and function after injury
    • doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.02.017
    • Harel, N. Y., and Strittmatter, S. M. (2008). Functional MRI and other non-invasive imaging technologies: providing visual biomarkers for spinal cord structure and function after injury. Exp. Neurol. 211, 324-328. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.02.017
    • (2008) Exp. Neurol. , vol.211 , pp. 324-328
    • Harel, N.Y.1    Strittmatter, S.M.2
  • 26
    • 75349098441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neural basis for motor primitives in the spinal cord
    • doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5894-08.2010
    • Hart, C. B., and Giszter, S. F. (2010). A neural basis for motor primitives in the spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 30, 1322-1336. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5894-08.2010
    • (2010) J. Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 1322-1336
    • Hart, C.B.1    Giszter, S.F.2
  • 27
    • 34548216348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: Finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking
    • doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.05.003
    • Hausdorff, J. M. (2007). Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking. Hum. Mov. Sci. 26, 555-589. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.05.003
    • (2007) Hum. Mov. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 555-589
    • Hausdorff, J.M.1
  • 29
    • 84891837148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steps forward in understanding backward gait: From basic circuits to rehabilitation
    • doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000000
    • Hoogkamer, W., Meyns, P., and Duysens, J. (2014). Steps forward in understanding backward gait: from basic circuits to rehabilitation. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 42, 23-29. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000000
    • (2014) Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. , vol.42 , pp. 23-29
    • Hoogkamer, W.1    Meyns, P.2    Duysens, J.3
  • 30
    • 35348873806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modular control of limb movements during human locomotion
    • doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2644-07.2007
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Dominici, N., Poppele, R. E., and Lacquaniti, F. (2007). Modular control of limb movements during human locomotion. J. Neurosci. 27, 11149-11161. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2644-07.2007
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 11149-11161
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Cappellini, G.2    Dominici, N.3    Poppele, R.E.4    Lacquaniti, F.5
  • 31
    • 45349107196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal organization of alpha-motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06289.x
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Poppele, R. E., and Lacquaniti, F. (2008). Spatiotemporal organization of alpha-motoneuron activity in the human spinal cord during different gaits and gait transitions. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27, 3351-3368. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06289.x
    • (2008) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 3351-3368
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Cappellini, G.2    Poppele, R.E.3    Lacquaniti, F.4
  • 32
    • 84884676556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity and modular control of locomotor patterns in neurological disorders with motor deficits
    • doi: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00123
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Cappellini, G., Solopova, I. A., Grishin, A. A., Maclellan, M. J., Poppele, R. E., et al. (2013a). Plasticity and modular control of locomotor patterns in neurological disorders with motor deficits. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 7:123. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00123
    • (2013) Front. Comput. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 123
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Cappellini, G.2    Solopova, I.A.3    Grishin, A.A.4    McLellan, M.J.5    Poppele, R.E.6
  • 33
    • 84873632436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the spinal segmental motor output for stepping during development from infant to adult
    • doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2722-12.2013
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Dominici, N., Cappellini, G., Di Paolo, A., Giannini, C., Poppele, R. E., et al. (2013b). Changes in the spinal segmental motor output for stepping during development from infant to adult. J. Neurosci. 33, 3025-3036. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2722-12.2013
    • (2013) J. Neurosci. , vol.33 , pp. 3025-3036
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Dominici, N.2    Cappellini, G.3    Di Paolo, A.4    Giannini, C.5    Poppele, R.E.6
  • 34
    • 33644850219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord maps of spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation in humans walking at different speeds
    • doi: 10.1152/jn.00767.2005
    • Ivanenko, Y. P., Poppele, R. E., and Lacquaniti, F. (2006). Spinal cord maps of spatiotemporal alpha-motoneuron activation in humans walking at different speeds. J. Neurophysiol. 95, 602-618. doi: 10.1152/jn.00767.2005
    • (2006) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.95 , pp. 602-618
    • Ivanenko, Y.P.1    Poppele, R.E.2    Lacquaniti, F.3
  • 35
    • 70349581720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and stability of muscle activations during walking in healthy young and older adults
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.038
    • Kang, H. G., and Dingwell, J. B. (2009). Dynamics and stability of muscle activations during walking in healthy young and older adults. J. Biomech. 42, 2231-2237. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.038
    • (2009) J. Biomech. , vol.42 , pp. 2231-2237
    • Kang, H.G.1    Dingwell, J.B.2
  • 38
    • 0030003808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of graded treadmill walking and the implications for knee rehabilitation
    • doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.294
    • Lange, G. W., Hintermeister, R. A., Schlegel, T., Dillman, C. J., and Steadman, J. R. (1996). Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of graded treadmill walking and the implications for knee rehabilitation. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 23, 294-301. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.294
    • (1996) J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. , vol.23 , pp. 294-301
    • Lange, G.W.1    Hintermeister, R.A.2    Schlegel, T.3    Dillman, C.J.4    Steadman, J.R.5
  • 40
    • 0001703331 scopus 로고
    • Phasic activity of intrinsic muscles of the foot
    • Mann, R., and Inman, V. T. (1964). Phasic activity of intrinsic muscles of the foot. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 46, 469-481.
    • (1964) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. , vol.46 , pp. 469-481
    • Mann, R.1    Inman, V.T.2
  • 41
    • 0032170316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1998 ISEK Congress Keynote Lecture: Motor units: How many, how large, what kind? International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology
    • doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00020-0
    • McComas, A. J. (1998). 1998 ISEK Congress Keynote Lecture: motor units: how many, how large, what kind? International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 8, 391-402. doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(98)00020-0
    • (1998) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.8 , pp. 391-402
    • McComas, A.J.1
  • 42
    • 0030796561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late losses of motor units after poliomyelitis
    • doi: 10.1093/brain/120.8.1415
    • McComas, A. J., Quartly, C., and Griggs, R. C. (1997). Early and late losses of motor units after poliomyelitis. Brain J. Neurol. 120(Pt 8), 1415-1421. doi: 10.1093/brain/120.8.1415
    • (1997) Brain J. Neurol. , vol.120 , Issue.PART 8 , pp. 1415-1421
    • McComas, A.J.1    Quartly, C.2    Griggs, R.C.3
  • 43
    • 36749003752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation
    • doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.006
    • McCrea, D. A., and Rybak, I. A. (2008). Organization of mammalian locomotor rhythm and pattern generation. Brain Res. Rev. 57, 134-146. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.08.006
    • (2008) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.57 , pp. 134-146
    • McCrea, D.A.1    Rybak, I.A.2
  • 44
    • 77957847012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related modifications of muscle synergies and spinal cord activity during locomotion
    • doi: 10.1152/jn.00525.2009
    • Monaco, V., Ghionzoli, A., and Micera, S. (2010). Age-related modifications of muscle synergies and spinal cord activity during locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 104, 2092-2102. doi: 10.1152/jn.00525.2009
    • (2010) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.104 , pp. 2092-2102
    • Monaco, V.1    Ghionzoli, A.2    Micera, S.3
  • 45
    • 0035999099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent feedback in the control of human gait
    • doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(02)00023-8
    • Nielsen, J. B., and Sinkjaer, T. (2002). Afferent feedback in the control of human gait. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 12, 213-217. doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(02)00023-8
    • (2002) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.12 , pp. 213-217
    • Nielsen, J.B.1    Sinkjaer, T.2
  • 46
    • 42949104036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the spatiotemporal organization of neural activity in the developing spinal cord
    • doi: 10.1002/dneu.20620
    • O'Donovan, M. J., Bonnot, A., Mentis, G. Z., Arai, Y., Chub, N., Shneider, N. A., et al. (2008). Imaging the spatiotemporal organization of neural activity in the developing spinal cord. Dev. Neurobiol. 68, 788-803. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20620
    • (2008) Dev. Neurobiol. , vol.68 , pp. 788-803
    • O'Donovan, M.J.1    Bonnot, A.2    Mentis, G.Z.3    Arai, Y.4    Chub, N.5    Shneider, N.A.6
  • 47
    • 84861981515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic toe walking
    • doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-05-292
    • Oetgen, M. E., and Peden, S. (2012). Idiopathic toe walking. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 20, 292-300. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-20-05-292
    • (2012) J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. , vol.20 , pp. 292-300
    • Oetgen, M.E.1    Peden, S.2
  • 48
    • 0344440956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating the walking gait: Role of sensory feedback
    • doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43012-4
    • Pearson, K. G. (2004). Generating the walking gait: role of sensory feedback. Prog. Brain Res. 143, 123-129. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43012-4
    • (2004) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.143 , pp. 123-129
    • Pearson, K.G.1
  • 49
    • 0037227872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toe walking: Muscular demands at the ankle and knee
    • doi: 10.1053/apmr.2003.50057
    • Perry, J., Burnfield, J. M., Gronley, J. K., and Mulroy, S. J. (2003). Toe walking: muscular demands at the ankle and knee. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 84, 7-16. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2003.50057
    • (2003) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. , vol.84 , pp. 7-16
    • Perry, J.1    Burnfield, J.M.2    Gronley, J.K.3    Mulroy, S.J.4
  • 50
    • 16544379884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Less is more: High pass filtering, to remove up to 99% of the surface EMG signal power, improves EMG-based biceps brachii muscle force estimates
    • doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.10.005
    • Potvin, J. R., and Brown, S. H. M. (2004). Less is more: high pass filtering, to remove up to 99% of the surface EMG signal power, improves EMG-based biceps brachii muscle force estimates. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 14, 389-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.10.005
    • (2004) J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. , vol.14 , pp. 389-399
    • Potvin, J.R.1    Brown, S.H.M.2
  • 51
    • 0001929728 scopus 로고
    • Muscle
    • in, 2nd Edn., eds J. Rose and J. G. Gamble (Baltimore, MD: Willaims and Wilkins)
    • Rab, G. T. (1994). "Muscle, " in Human Walking, 2nd Edn., eds J. Rose and J. G. Gamble (Baltimore, MD: Willaims and Wilkins), 101-122.
    • (1994) Human Walking , pp. 101-122
    • Rab, G.T.1
  • 52
    • 0000815388 scopus 로고
    • The motor cell columns of the lumbo-sacral spinal cord of the cat
    • doi: 10.1002/cne.900940209
    • Romanes, G. J. (1951). The motor cell columns of the lumbo-sacral spinal cord of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 94, 313-363. doi: 10.1002/cne.900940209
    • (1951) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.94 , pp. 313-363
    • Romanes, G.J.1
  • 53
    • 34548668640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electromyographic analysis of obligatory (hemiplegic cerebral palsy) and voluntary (normal) unilateral toe-walking
    • doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.010
    • Romkes, J., and Brunner, R. (2007). An electromyographic analysis of obligatory (hemiplegic cerebral palsy) and voluntary (normal) unilateral toe-walking. Gait Posture 26, 577-586. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.12.010
    • (2007) Gait Posture , vol.26 , pp. 577-586
    • Romkes, J.1    Brunner, R.2
  • 54
    • 4143114761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical points in the forelimb fictive locomotor cycle and motor coordination: Evidence from the effects of tonic proprioceptive perturbations in the cat
    • doi: 10.1152/jn.00563.2003
    • Saltiel, P., and Rossignol, S. (2004). Critical points in the forelimb fictive locomotor cycle and motor coordination: evidence from the effects of tonic proprioceptive perturbations in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 92, 1329-1341. doi: 10.1152/jn.00563.2003
    • (2004) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.92 , pp. 1329-1341
    • Saltiel, P.1    Rossignol, S.2
  • 55
    • 34249891340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of spinal centers in spinal cord injury patients: New concepts for gait evaluation and training
    • doi: 10.1177/1545968306295561
    • Scivoletto, G., Ivanenko, Y., Morganti, B., Grasso, R., Zago, M., Lacquaniti, F., et al. (2007). Plasticity of spinal centers in spinal cord injury patients: new concepts for gait evaluation and training. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 21, 358-365. doi: 10.1177/1545968306295561
    • (2007) Neurorehabil. Neural Repair , vol.21 , pp. 358-365
    • Scivoletto, G.1    Ivanenko, Y.2    Morganti, B.3    Grasso, R.4    Zago, M.5    Lacquaniti, F.6
  • 56
    • 0001275359 scopus 로고
    • The segmental innervation of the lower limb muscles in man
    • Sharrard, W. J. (1964). The segmental innervation of the lower limb muscles in man. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 35, 106-122.
    • (1964) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. , vol.35 , pp. 106-122
    • Sharrard, W.J.1
  • 57
    • 84888851197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: Methods
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.124
    • Stroman, P. W., Wheeler-Kingshott, C., Bacon, M., Schwab, J. M., Bosma, R., Brooks, J., et al. (2014). The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: methods. Neuroimage 84, 1070-1081. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.124
    • (2014) Neuroimage , vol.84 , pp. 1070-1081
    • Stroman, P.W.1    Wheeler-Kingshott, C.2    Bacon, M.3    Schwab, J.M.4    Bosma, R.5    Brooks, J.6
  • 58
    • 0022626474 scopus 로고
    • How is the normal locomotor program modified to produce backward walking?
    • doi: 10.1007/BF00237595
    • Thorstensson, A. (1986). How is the normal locomotor program modified to produce backward walking? Exp. Brain Res. 61, 664-668. doi: 10.1007/BF00237595
    • (1986) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.61 , pp. 664-668
    • Thorstensson, A.1
  • 59
    • 84867099954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review and perspective: Neuromechanical considerations for predicting muscle activation patterns for movement
    • doi: 10.1002/cnm.2485
    • Ting, L., Chvatal, S., Safavynia, S., and McKay, J. (2012). Review and perspective: neuromechanical considerations for predicting muscle activation patterns for movement. Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng. 28, 1003-1014. doi: 10.1002/cnm.2485
    • (2012) Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng. , vol.28 , pp. 1003-1014
    • Ting, L.1    Chvatal, S.2    Safavynia, S.3    McKay, J.4
  • 60
    • 34748918814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensional reduction in sensorimotor systems: A framework for understanding muscle coordination of posture
    • doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65019-X
    • Ting, L. H. (2007). Dimensional reduction in sensorimotor systems: a framework for understanding muscle coordination of posture. Prog. Brain Res. 165, 299-321. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65019-X
    • (2007) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.165 , pp. 299-321
    • Ting, L.H.1
  • 61
    • 0017698204 scopus 로고
    • The numbers of limb motor neurons in the human lumbosacral cord throughout life
    • doi: 10.1016/0022-510X(77)90069-7
    • Tomlinson, B. E., and Irving, D. (1977). The numbers of limb motor neurons in the human lumbosacral cord throughout life. J. Neurol. Sci. 34, 213-219. doi: 10.1016/0022-510X(77)90069-7
    • (1977) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 213-219
    • Tomlinson, B.E.1    Irving, D.2
  • 62
    • 84901304702 scopus 로고
    • The Pattern of Muscular Activity in the Lower Extremity During Walking
    • Prosthetic research project, Series II, Issue 25, University of California, Berkeley., (Los Angeles, CA)
    • University of California, Berkeley. (1953). The Pattern of Muscular Activity in the Lower Extremity During Walking. Prosthetic research project, Series II, Issue 25. Report Presented to the Advisory Committee on Artificial Limbs, National Research Council (Los Angeles, CA).
    • (1953) Report Presented to the Advisory Committee on Artificial Limbs, National Research Council
  • 63
    • 84856172553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of patterned activity in the developing zebrafish spinal cord
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.002
    • Warp, E., Agarwal, G., Wyart, C., Friedmann, D., Oldfield, C. S., Conner, A., et al. (2012). Emergence of patterned activity in the developing zebrafish spinal cord. Curr. Biol. 22, 93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.12.002
    • (2012) Curr. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 93-102
    • Warp, E.1    Agarwal, G.2    Wyart, C.3    Friedmann, D.4    Oldfield, C.S.5    Conner, A.6
  • 65
    • 0036095522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal activation of lumbosacral motoneurons in the locomotor step cycle
    • Yakovenko, S., Mushahwar, V., VanderHorst, V., Holstege, G., and Prochazka, A. (2002). Spatiotemporal activation of lumbosacral motoneurons in the locomotor step cycle. J. Neurophysiol. 87, 1542-1553.
    • (2002) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.87 , pp. 1542-1553
    • Yakovenko, S.1    Mushahwar, V.2    VanderHorst, V.3    Holstege, G.4    Prochazka, A.5
  • 66
    • 84900805324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can modular strategies simplify neural control of multidirectional human locomotion?
    • doi: 10.1152/jn.00776.2013
    • Zelik, K. E., La Scaleia, V., Ivanenko, Y. P., and Lacquaniti, F. (2014). Can modular strategies simplify neural control of multidirectional human locomotion? J. Neurophysiol. 111, 1686-1702. doi: 10.1152/jn.00776.2013
    • (2014) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.111 , pp. 1686-1702
    • Zelik, K.E.1    La Scaleia, V.2    Ivanenko, Y.P.3    Lacquaniti, F.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.