Effect of replacing grass silage with red clover silage on nutrient digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and milk fat composition in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 97, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 3761-3776

  Halmemies Beauchet Filleau, A ^a,b   Vanhatalo, A ^b   Toivonen, V ^a   Heikkila T ^a   Lee, M R F ^c,d   Shingfield, K J ^a  

^a ANIMAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Grass; Milk fatty acid; Nitrogen metabolism; Red clover

Indexed keywords

FAT INTAKE; FATTY ACID; MILK PROTEIN; NITROGEN; PROTEIN INTAKE; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; ANALYSIS; ANIMAL; BOVINE; CALORIC INTAKE; CHEMISTRY; CLOVER; DIET; DIGESTION; FAT INTAKE; FECES; FEMALE; LACTATION; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MILK; PH; POACEAE; PROTEIN INTAKE; RANDOMIZATION; RUMINANT STOMACH; SILAGE; VETERINARY;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; DIET; DIETARY FATS; DIETARY PROTEINS; DIGESTION; ENERGY INTAKE; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; FECES; FEMALE; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LACTATION; MILK; MILK PROTEINS; NITROGEN; OMASUM; POACEAE; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RUMEN; SILAGE; TRIFOLIUM;

EID: 84901068378     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: 15253198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7358     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., Huhtanen P., Varvikko T. Determination of reticulo-rumen and whole-stomach digestion in lactating cows by omasal canal or duodenal sampling. Br. J. Nutr. 2000, 83:67-77.
2. Bayat A., Rinne M., Kuoppala K., Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., Huhtanen P. Ruminal large and small particle kinetics in dairy cows fed red clover and grass silages harvested at two stages of growth. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2010, 155:86-98.
3. Bertilsson J., Murphy M. Effects of feeding clover silages on feed intake, milk production and digestion in dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 2003, 58:309-322.
4. Dewhurst R.J., Evans R.T., Scollan N.D., Moorby J.M., Merry R.J., Wilkins R.J. Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 2. In vivo and in sacco evaluations of rumen function. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:2612-2621. a.
5. Dewhurst R.J., Fisher W.J., Tweed J.K.S., Wilkins R.J. Comparison of grass and legume silages for milk production. 1. Production responses with different levels of concentrate. J. Dairy Sci. 2003, 86:2598-2611. b.
6. Dewhurst R.J., Moorby J.M., Vlaeminck B., Fievez F. Apparent recovery of duodenal odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:1775-1780.
7. Dewhurst R.J., Shingfield K.J., Lee M.R.F., Scollan N.D. Increasing the concentrations of beneficial fatty acids in milk produced by dairy cows in high-forage systems. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2006, 131:168-206.
8. El-Waziry A.M. Synthesis of diaminopimelic acid, lysine and pipecolic acid from spartic acid by rumen microorganism. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2012, 11:2038-2042.
9. 15N-labelled nitrogen in the soil-plant system. Ann. Agric. Fenniae 1991, 30:219-309.
10. European Commission. 1998. Commission Directive 98/64/EC of 3 September 1998 establishing Community methods of analysis for the determination of amino acids, crude oils and fats, and olaquindox in feedingstuffs and amending Directive 71/393/EEC. Off. J. L 257, 19/09/1998:0014-0028. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
11. Gebauer S.K., Psota T.L., Harris W.S., Kris-Etherton P.M. n-3 fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefits. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 83:1526S-1535S.
12. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A., Kairenius P., Ahvenjärvi S., Crosley L.K., Muetzel S., Huhtanen P., Vanhatalo A., Toivonen V., Wallace R.J., Shingfield K.J. Effect of forage conservation method on ruminal lipid metabolism and microbial ecology in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:2428-2447. a.
13. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A., Kairenius P., Ahvenjärvi S., Toivonen V., Huhtanen P., Vanhatalo A., Givens D.I., Shingfield K.J. Effect of forage conservation method on plasma lipids, mammary lipogenesis, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:5267-5289. b.
14. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A., Kokkonen T., Lampi A.-M., Toivonen V., Shingfield K.J., Vanhatalo A. Effect of plant oils and camelina expeller on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on red clover silage. J. Dairy Sci. 2011, 94:4413-4430.
15. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A., Vanhatalo A., Toivonen V., Heikkilä T., Lee M.R.F., Shingfield K.J. Effect of replacing grass silage with red clover silage on ruminal lipid metabolism in lactating cows fed diets containing a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. J. Dairy Sci. 2013, 96:5882-5900. c.
16. Huhtanen P., Bayat A., Krizsan S.J., Vanhatalo A. Compartmental flux and in situ methods underestimate total feed N as judged by omasal sampling due to ignoring soluble feed N flow. Br. J. Nutr. 2014, 111:535-546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0007114513002651.
17. Huhtanen P., Rinne M., Nousiainen J. Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake in cows: A revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index. Animal 2007, 1:758-770.
18. Huws S.A., Lee M.R.F., Muetzel S.M., Scott M.B., Wallace R.J. Forage type and fish oil causes shifts in rumen bacterial diversity. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2010, 73:396-407.
19. Igarashi K., Yasui T. Oxidation of free methionine and methionine residues in protein involved in the browning reaction of phenolic compounds. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1985, 49:2309-2315.
20. Korhonen M., Ahvenjärvi S., Vanhatalo A., Huhtanen P. Supplementing barley or rapeseed meal to dairy cows fed grass-red clover silage: II. Amino acid profile of microbial fractions. J. Anim. Sci. 2002, 80:2188-2196.
21. Kuoppala K., Ahvenjärvi S., Rinne M., Vanhatalo A. Effects of feeding grass or red clover silage cut at two maturity stages in dairy cows. 2. Dry matter intake and cell wall digestion kinetics. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:5634-5644.
22. Kuoppala K., Rinne M., Ahvenjärvi S., Nousiainen J., Vanhatalo A. The effect of harvesting strategy of grass silage on digestion and nutrient supply in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2010, 93:3253-3263.
23. Lee M.R.F., Harris L.J., Dewhurst R.J., Merry R.J., Scollan N.D. The effect of clover silages on long chain fatty acid rumen transformations and digestion in beef steers. Anim. Sci. 2003, 76:491-501.
24. Lee M.R.F., Theobald V.J., Tweed J.K.S., Winters A.L., Scollan N.D. Effect of feeding fresh or conditioned red clover on milk fatty acids and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:1136-1147.
25. Lee M.R.F., Winters A.L., Scollan N.D., Dewhurst R.J., Theodorou M.K., Minchin F.R. Plant mediated lipolysis and proteolysis in red clover with different polyphenol oxidase activities. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84:1639-1645.
26. Lerch S., Shingfield K.J., Ferlay A., Vanhatalo A., Chilliard Y. Rapeseed or linseed in grass-based diets: Effects on conjugated linoleic and conjugated linolenic acid isomers in milk fat from Holstein cows over 2 consecutive lactations. J. Dairy Sci. 2012, 95:7269-7287.
27. Lourenço M., Ramos-Morales E., Wallace R.J. The role of microbes in rumen lipolysis and biohydrogenation and their manipulation. Animal 2010, 4:1008-1023.
28. Lourenço M., Van Ranst G., Vlaeminck B., De Smet S., Fievez V. Influence of different dietary forages on the fatty acid composition of rumen digesta as well as ruminant meat and milk. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2008, 145:418-437.
29. Merry R.J., Lee M.R.F., Davies D.R., Dewhurst R.J., Moorby J.M., Scollan N.D., Theodorou M.K. Effect of high-sugar ryegrass silage and mixtures with red clover silage on ruminant digestion. 1. In vitro and in vivo studies of nitrogen utilization. J. Anim. Sci. 2006, 84:3049-3060.
30. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1975. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Technical Bulletin 33. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, UK.
31. Moorby J.M., Lee M.R.F., Davies D.R., Kim E.J., Nute G.R., Ellis N.M., Scollan N.D. Assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and grass silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:1148-1160.
32. Onodera R. Contribution of protozoa to lysine synthesis in the in vitro rumen microbial ecosystem. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986, 51:1350-1351.
33. Rinne M., Nykänen A. Timing of primary growth harvest affects the yield and nutritive value of timothy-red clover mixtures. Agric. Food Sci. Finland 2000, 9:121-134.
34. Robinson P.H. Impacts of manipulating ration metabolizable lysine and methionine levels on the performance of lactating dairy cows: A systematic review of the literature. Livest. Sci. 2010, 127:115-126.
35. Salo M.-L., Salmi M. Determination of starch by the amyloglucosidase method. J. Sci. Agric. Soc. Finland 1968, 40:38-45.
36. Schwab C.G., Bozak C.K., Whitehouse N.L., Mesbah M.M.A. Amino acid limitation and flow to duodenum at four stages of lactation. 1. Sequence of lysine and methionine limitation. J. Dairy Sci. 1992, 75:3486-3502.
37. Shingfield K.J., Bernard L., Leroux C., Chilliard Y. Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants. Animal 2010, 4:1140-1166.
38. Shingfield K.J., Bonnet M., Scollan N.D. Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant derived foods. Animal 2013, 7(Suppl. 1):132-162.
39. Shingfield K.J., Chilliard Y., Toivonen V., Kairenius P., Givens D.I. Trans fatty acids and bioactive lipids in ruminant milkVol. 606. Z. Bösze Bioactive components of milk, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008, 3-65. Springer, New York, NY.
40. Shingfield K.J., Jaakkola S., Huhtanen P. Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on intake, feeding behaviour and milk production of dairy cows. Anim. Sci. 2002, 74:383-397.
41. Steinshamn H. Effect of forage legumes on feed intake, milk production and milk quality-A review. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 2010, 28:195-206.
42. Van Ranst G., Lee M.R.F., Fievez V. Red clover polyphenol oxidase and lipid metabolism. Animal 2011, 5:512-521.
43. Vanhatalo A., Gäddnäs T., Heikkilä T. Microbial protein synthesis, digestion and lactation responses of cows to grass or grass-red clover silage supplemented with barley or oats. Agric. Food Sci. 2006, 15:252-267.
44. Vanhatalo A., Huhtanen P., Toivonen V., Varvikko T. Response of dairy cows fed grass silage diets to abomasal infusions of histidine alone or in combination with methionine and lysine. J. Dairy Sci. 1999, 82:2674-2685.
45. Vanhatalo A., Kuoppala K., Ahvenjärvi S., Rinne M. Effects of feeding grass or red clover silage cut at two maturity stages in dairy cows. 1. Nitrogen metabolism and supply of amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:5620-5633.
46. Vanhatalo A., Kuoppala K., Toivonen V., Shingfield K.J. Effect of forage species and stage of maturity on bovine milk fatty acid composition. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2007, 109:856-867.
47. Vlaeminck B., Fievez V., Cabrita A.R.J., Fonseca A.J.M., Dewhurst R.J. Factors affecting odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2006, 131:389-417.
48. Wilson J.R., Kennedy P.M. Plant and animal constrains to voluntary feed intake associated with fibre characteristics and particle breakdown and passage in ruminants. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1996, 47:199-225.