Positron emission tomography for measurement of copper fluxes in live organisms

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1314, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 24-31

  Peng, Fangyu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Copper metabolism; Copper 64 chloride; Menkes disease; PET CT; Positron emission tomography; Wilson's disease

Indexed keywords

COPPER; COPPER CHLORIDE CU 64;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BODY FLUID; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COPPER METABOLISM; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HUMAN; KINETICS; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MEASUREMENT; MENKES SYNDROME; MONITORING; NONHUMAN; PET SCANNER; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RADIOACTIVITY; WHOLE BODY PET; WILSON DISEASE;

COPPER METABOLISM; COPPER-64 CHLORIDE; MENKES DISEASE; PET/CT; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; WILSON'S DISEASE;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASES; ANIMALS; CATION TRANSPORT PROTEINS; COPPER; COPPER RADIOISOTOPES; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION; LIVER; LUNG; MENKES KINKY HAIR SYNDROME; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MYOCARDIUM; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; RADIOACTIVE TRACERS;

EID: 84900037606     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12383     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. Leverton, R.M. & E.S. Binkley . 1944. The copper metabolism and requirement of young women. J. Nutr. 27: 43-52.
2. Linder, M.C., 1991. Biochemistry of Copper. New York: Plenum Press.
3. Olivares, M. et al. 1996. Copper as an essential nutrient. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63: 791S-796S.
4. Turnlund, J.R. 1998. Human whole body copper metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67: 960S-964S.
5. Uauy, R. et al. 1998. Essentiality of copper in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67(5 Suppl.): 952S-959S.
6. Uriu-Adams, J.Y, R.E. Scherr, L. Lanoue, et al. 2010. Influence of copper on early development: prenatal and postnatal considerations. Biofactors 36: 136-152.
7. Tapiero, H., D.M. Townsend & K.D. Tew . 2003. Trace elements in human physiology and pathology. Copper Biomed. Pharmacother. 57: 386-398.
8. Chou, T. & W.H. Adolph . 1935. Copper metabolism in man. Biochem. J. 29: 476-479.
9. Cartwright, G.E. & M.M. Wintrobe . 1964. Copper metabolism in normal subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 14: 224-232.
10. Bull, P.C., G.R. Thomas, J.M. Rommens, et al. 1993. The Wilson disease gene is a putative copper transporting P-type ATPase similar to the Menkes gene. Nat. Genet. 5: 327-337.
11. Tanzi, R.E., K. Petrukhin, I. Chernov, et al. 1993. The Wilson disease gene is a copper transporting ATPase with homology to the Menkes disease gene. Nat. Genet. 5: 344-350.
12. Chelly, J, Z. Tumer, T. Tonnesen, et al. 1993. Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease that encodes a potential heavy metal binding protein. Nat. Genet. 3: 14-19.
13. Mercer, J. F., J. Livingston, B. Hall, et al. 1993. Isolation of a partial candidate gene for Menkes disease by positional cloning. Nat. Genet. 3: 20-25.
14. Vulpe, C., B. Levinson, S. Whitney, et al. 1993. Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease and evidence that it encodes a copper-transporting. Nat. Genet. 3: 7-13.
15. Kaler, S.G. 1998. Diagnosis and therapy of Menkes syndrome, a genetic form of copper deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67(Suppl.): 1029S-1034S.
16. Puig, S. & D.J. Thiele . 2002. Molecular mechanisms of copper uptake and distribution. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 6: 171-180.
17. Kim, B.E., T. Nevitt & D.J. Thiele . 2008. Mechanisms for copper acquisition, distribution and regulation. Nat. Chem. Biol. 4: 176-185.
18. Gupta, A & S. Lutsenko . 2009. Human copper transporters: mechanism, role in human diseases and therapeutic potential. Future Med. Chem. 1: 1125-1142.
19. Lutsenko, S. 2010. Human copper homeostasis: a network of interconnected pathways. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14: 1-7.
20. Lutsenko, S., A. Bhattacharjee & A.L. Hubbard . 2010. Copper handling machinery of the brain. Metallomics 2: 596-608.
21. Hevesy, G. 1923. The absorption and translocation of lead by plants: a contribution to the application of the method of radioactive indicators in the investigation of the change of substance in plants. Biochem. J. 17: 439-445.
22. Schultze, M.O. & S.J. Simmons . 1942. Use of radioactive copper in studies on nutritional anemia of rats. J. Biol. Chem. 142: 97-106.
23. Schubert G., J. Vogt, W. Maurer, et al. 1943. Tierexperimentelle indikatoruntersuchungen mit radioaktiven kupfer. (Animal experiments on radioactive copper as indicator.) Naturwissenschaften 31: 589-590 (in German).
24. Owen, C.A. Jr. 1964. Distribution of copper in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 207: 446-448.
25. Owen, C.A. Jr. 1965. Metabolism of radiocopper (Cu64) in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 209: 900-904.
26. van Campen, D.R. & A.E. Mitchell . 1965. Absorption of Cu-64, Zn-5, Mo-99, and Fe-59 from ligated segments of the rat gastrintestinal tract. J. Nutr. 86: 120-124.
27. Marceau, N., N. Aspin & A. Sass-Kortsak . 1970. Absorption of copper 64 from gastrointestinal tract of the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 218: 377-383.
28. Dunn, M.A., Green M.H. & R.M. Leach, Jr. 1991. Kinetics of copper metabolism in rats: a compartmental model. Am. J. Physiol. 261: E115-E125.
29. Schubert, G. & W. Riezler . 1947. Indicator-untersuchungen mit radiokupfer beim menschen. 1. Die absorption parenteral und enteral zugefuhrter kupfer dosen, zufleigh untersuchungen uber die kreislaufzeit. (Indicator tests with radioactive copper in human subjects. I: the absorption of parenterally and enterally supplied doses of copper, also investigation on circulation time.) Klin Wochenschr 24: 304-306 (in German).
30. 67Cu in the study of copper turnover in man. Clin. Sci. 37: 877-878.
31. Earl, C.J., M.J. Moulton & B. Selverstone . 1954. Metabolism of copper in Wilson's disease and in normal subjects: studies with Cu-64. Am. J. Med. 17: 205-213.
32. Bush, J.A., J.P. Mahoney, H. Markowitz, et al. 1955. Studies on copper metabolism. XVI. Radioactive copper studies in normal subjects and in patients with hepatolenticular degeneration. J. Clin. Invest. 34: 1766-1778.
33. Tauxe, W.N., N.P. Goldstein, R.V. Randall, et al. 1966. Radiocopper studies in patients with Wilson's disease and their relatives. Am. J. Med. 41: 375-380.
34. 64Cu. Clin. Sci. 43: 617-625.
35. Gibbs, K., R. Hanka & J.M. Walshe . 1978. The urinary excretion of radiocopper in presymptomatic and symptomatic Wilson's disease, heterozygotes and controls: its significance in diagnosis and management. Q. J. Med. 47: 349-364.
36. 64copper in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2: 822-827.
37. 67Cu): abdominal scintiscans in patients with Wilson's disease. Q. J. Med. 38: 467-474.
38. 64Cu) in Wilson's disease and various control groups. Q. J. Med. 46: 445-462.
39. Skromne-Kadlubik, G., J.F. Diaz & C. Celis . 1975. Basal ganglia scans in the human. J. Nucl. Med. 16: 787-788.
40. Blower, P.J., J.S. Lewis & J. Zweit . Copper radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. Nucl. Med. Biol. 23: 957-980.
41. Sun, X. & C.J. Anderson . 2004. Production and applications of copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals. Methods Enzymol. 386: 237-261.
42. Williams, H.A., S. Robinson, P. Julyan, et al. 2005. A comparison of PET imaging characteristics of various copper Radioisotopes. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 32: 1473-1480.
43. Hao, G., A.N. Singh, W. Liu, et al. 2010. PET with non-standard nuclides. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 10: 1096-1112.
44. Hao, G., A.N. Singh, O.K. OZ, et al. 2011. Recent advances in copper radiopharmaceuticals. Curr. Radiopharm. 4: 109-121.
45. Szelecsenyi, F., G. Blessing & S.M. Qaim . 1993. Excitation function of proton induced nuclear reactions on enriched 61Ni and 64Ni: possibility of production of no-carrier-added 61Cu and 64Cu at a small cyclotron. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44: 575-580.
46. Cutler, P.D., S.R. Cherry, E.J. Hoffman, et al. 1992. Design features and performance of a PET system for animal research. J. Nucl. Med. 33: 595-604.
47. Bloomfield, P. M., S. Rajeswaran, T.J. Spinks, et al. 1995. The design and physical characteristics of a small animal positron emission tomography. Phys. Med. Biol. 40: 1105-1126.
48. Cherry, S.R. & S. Gambhir . 2001. Use of positron emission tomography in animal research. ILAR J. 42: 219-232.
49. Bissig, K.D., M. Honer, K. Zimmermann, et al. 2005. Whole animal copper flux assessed by positron emission tomography in the Long-Evans cinnamon rat-a feasibility study. BioMetals 18: 83-88.
50. Terada K. & T. Sugiyama . 1999. The Long-Evans Cinnamon rat: an animal model for Wilson's disease. Pediatr. Int. 41: 414-418.
51. Wu, J., J.R. Forbes, H.S. Chen, et al. 1994. The LEC rat has a deletion in the copper transporting ATPase gene homologous to the Wilson disease gene. Nat. Genet. 7: 541-545.
52. 64Cu-Histidine for noninvasive diagnosis of biliary copper excretion in Long-Evans Cinnamon Rat Model of Wilson Disease. J. Nucl. Med. 53: 961-968.
53. Beyer, T., D.W. Townsend, T. Brun, et al. 2000. A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. J. Nucl. Med. 41: 1369-1379.
54. -/- Knock-out Mouse Model of Wilson's Disease. Mol. Imaging Biol. 14: 70-78.
55. Buiakova, O.I., J. Xu, S. Lutsenko, et al. 1999. Null mutation of the murine ATP7B (Wilson disease) gene results in intracellular copper accumulation and late-onset hepatic nodular transformation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8: 1665-1671.
56. Huster, D., M.J. Finegold, C.T. Morgan, et al. 2006. Consequences of copper accumulation in the livers of the Atp7b-/ (Wilson Disease Gene) knockout mice. Am. J. Pathol. 168: 423-434
57. 2, Mol. Imaging Biol. 14: 600-607.
58. Wang, L.M., J.S. Becker, Q. Wu, et al. 2010. Bioimaging of copper alterations in the aging mouse brain by autoradiography, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Metallomics 5: 348-353.
59. Matusch, A., C. Depboylu, C. Palm, et al. 2010. Cerebral bioimaging of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 21: 161-171.
60. Hare, D.J., J.K. Lee, A.D. Beavis, et al. 2012. Three-dimensional atlas of iron, copper, and zinc in the mouse cerebrum and brainstem. Anal. Chem. 84: 3990-3997.
61. Hirayama, T., G.C. Van de Bittner, L.W. Gray, et al. 2012. Near-infrared fluorescent sensor for in vivo copper imaging in a murine Wilson disease model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109: 2228-2233.
62. Vogt, S. & M. Ralle . 2014. Opportunities in multidimensional trace metal imaging: taking copper-associated disease research to the next level. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405: 1809-1820.
63. Hays, M.T., E.E. Watson, S.R. Thomas, et al. 2002. Radiation Absorbed Dose Estimates from 18F-FDG. J. Nucl. Med. 43: 210-214.
64. Gray, L.W., F. Peng, S.A. Molloy, et al. 2012. Urinary copper elevation in a mouse model of Wilson's disease is a regulated process to specifically decrease the hepatic copper load. Plos One 7: e38327.
65. Hoogenraad, T. 2001. Wilson's Disease. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Intermed Medical Publishers.
66. Ala, A., A.P. Walker, K. Ashkan, et al. 2007. Wilson's disease. Lancet. 369: 397-408.
67. Wilson, S.A.K. 1912. Progressive lenticular degeneration: a familial nervous disease associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Brain 34: 295-509.
68. Sternlieb, I. & I.H. Scheinberg . 1979. The role of radiocopper in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. Gastroenterology 77: 138-142.
69. Prodan, C.I., N.R. Holland, P.J. Wisdom, et al. 2002. CNS demyelination associated with copper deficiency and hyperzincemia. Neurology 59: 1453-1456.
70. Kumar N., J.B. Gross Jr. & J.E. Ahlskog . 2003. Myelopathy due to copper deficiency. Neurology 61: 273-274.
71. Kumar, N., J.B Gross Jr. & J.E. Ahlskog . 2004. Copper deficiency myelopathy produces a clinical picture like subacute combined degeneration. Neurology 63: 33-39.
72. Kumar, N. 2006. Copper deficiency myelopathy (human swayback). Mayo. Clin. Proc. 81: 1371-1384.
73. Jayakumar, S., P.D. Micallef-Eynaud, T.D. Lyon, et al. 2005. Acquired copper deficiency following prolonged jejunostomy feeds. Ann. Clin. Bichem. 42: 227-231.
74. Tan, J.C., D.L. Burns & R.H. Jones . 2006. Severe ataxia, myelopathy, and peripheral neuropathy due to acquired copper deficiency in a patient with history of gastrectomy. J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 30: 446-450.
75. Juhasz-Pocsine, K., S.A. Rudnicki, R.L. Archer, et al. 2007. Neurologic complications of gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Neurology 68: 1843-1850.
76. Spinazzi, M., F. De Lazzari, B. Tavolato, et al. 2007. Myelo-optico-neuropathy in copper deficiency occurring after partial gastrectomy: do small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome and occult zinc ingestion tip the balance? J. Neurol. 254: 1012-1017.
77. Khaleeli, Z., D.G. Healy, A. Briddon, et al. 2010. Copper deficiency as a treatable cause of poor balance. Br. Med. J. 340: c508.
78. Doraiswamy, P.M. & A.E. Finefrock . 2004. Metals in our minds: therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet. Neurol. 3: 431-34.
79. Adlard, P.A. & A.I. Bush . 2006. Metals and Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 10: 145-163.
80. Ayton, S., P. Lei & A.I. Bush . 2013. Metallostasis in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 62: 76-89.
81. Waggoner, D.J., T.B. Bartnikas & J.D. Gitlin . 1999. The role of copper in neurodegenerative disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 6: 221-30.
82. Gaggelli, E., H. Kozlowski, D. Valensin, et al. 2006. Copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, prion, and Parkinson's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Chem. Rev. 106: 1995-2044.
83. Macreadie, I.G. 2008. Copper transport and Alzheimer's disease. Eur. Biophys. J. 37: 295-300.
84. Brewer, G.J. 2012. Copper excess, zinc deficiency, and cognition loss in Alzheimer's disease. Biofactors 38: 107-13.
85. Barnham, K.J. & A.I. Bush . 2008. Metals in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 12: 222-228.
86. Fox, J.H., J.A. Kama, G. Lieberman, et al. 2007. Mechanisms of copper ion mediated Huntington's disease progression. PLoS One 2: e334.
87. Theophanides, T. & J. Anastassopoulou . 2002. Copper and carcinogenesis. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 1: 57-64.
88. Nasulewicza, A., A. Mazurb & A. Opolski . 2004. Role of copper in tumour angiogenesis-clinical implications. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 18: 1-8.
89. Turski, M.L. & D.J. Thiele . 2009. New roles for copper metabolism in cell proliferation, signaling, and disease. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 717-721.
90. Peng, F., J. Liu, J. Wu, et al. 2005. Mouse extra-hepatic hepatoma detected on microPET using copper (II)-64 chloride uptake mediated by endogenous mouse copper transporter 1. Mol. Imaging Biol. 7: 325-329.
91. Peng, F., X. Lu, J. Janisse, et al. 2006. Positron emission tomography of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice with increased uptake of copper (II)-64 chlorides. J. Nucl. Med. 47: 1649-1652.
92. Zhang, H., H. Cai, X. Lu, et al. 2011. Positron emission tomography of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice using copper (II)-64 chloride as a tracer. Acad. Radiol. 18: 1561-1568.
93. 64Cu: implications for molecular imaging of tumor characteristics with copper-based PET tracers. Nucl. Med. Biol. 40: 345-350.
94. Que, E.L. & C.J. Chang . 2006. A smart magnetic resonance contrast agent for selective copper sensing. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128: 15942-15943.
95. Que, E.L., E. Gianolio, S.L. Baker, et al. 2009. Copper-responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131: 8527-8536.
96. Chaudhry, A.F., M. Verma, M.T. Morgan, et al. 2010. Kinetically controlled photoinduced electron transfer switching in Cu(I)-responsive fluorescent probes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132: 737-747.
97. Domaille, D.W., L. Zeng & C.J. Chang . 2010. Visualizing ascorbate-triggered release of labile copper within living cells using a ratiometric fluorescent sensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132: 1194-1195.
98. Liang, J., L. Guo, Y. Ding, et al. 2013. Getically encoded red fluorescent copper(I) sensors for cellular copper(I) imaging. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 443: 894-898.