Glucose-fructose enhances performance versus isocaloric, but not moderate, glucose

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1778-1786

  Baur, Daniel A ^a   Schroer, Adam B ^a   Luden, Nicholas D ^a   Womack, Christopher J ^a   Smyth, Sarah A ^a   Saunders, Michael J ^a  

^a JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbohydrate; Cycling; Gastrointestinal Tolerance,Ergogenic Aids; Performance

Indexed keywords

FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; LACTIC ACID; PERFORMANCE ENHANCING SUBSTANCE;

ADULT; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BLOOD; CHEMICALLY INDUCED; COLIC; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; DIZZINESS; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEADACHE; HEART RATE; HUMAN; LUNG GAS EXCHANGE; LUNG VENTILATION; MALE; METABOLISM; NAUSEA; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; VOMITING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ADULT; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLING; BLOOD GLUCOSE; COLIC; DIZZINESS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EXERCISE TEST; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; HEADACHE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; LACTIC ACID; MALE; NAUSEA; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING SUBSTANCES; PHYSICAL EXERTION; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD; PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE; PULMONARY VENTILATION; VOMITING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84899749653     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000284     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SH, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrates for training and competition. J Sport Sci. 2011;29(1 Suppl):S17-27.
2. Carmagnola S, Cantù P, Penagini R. Mechanoreceptors of the proximal stomach and perception of gastric distension. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(8):1704-10.
3. Chambers ES, Bridge MW, Jones DA. Carbohydrate sensing in the human mouth: effects on exercise performance and brain activity. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt 8):1779-94.
4. Cole KJ, Grandjean PW, Sobszak RJ, Mitchell JB. Effect of carbohydrate composition on fluid balance, gastric emptying, and exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr. 1993;3(4):408-17.
5. Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Ivy JL. Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. J Appl Physiol. 1986;61(1):165-72.
6. Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(2):275-81.
7. Davis JM, Burgess WA, Slentz CA, Bartoli WP, Pate RR. Effects of ingesting 6% and 12% glucose/electrolyte beverages during prolonged intermittent cycling in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1988;57(5):563-9.
8. De Bock K, Derave W, Ramaekers M, Richter EA, Hespel P. Fiber type-specific muscle glycogen sparing due to carbohydrate intake before and during exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102(1):183-8.
9. Egan JM, Margolskee RF. Taste cells of the gut and gastrointestinal chemosensation. Mol Interv. 2009;8(2):78-81.
10. Goh Q, Boop CA, Luden ND, Smith AG, Womack CJ, Saunders MJ. Recovery from cycling exercise: effects of carbohydrate and protein beverages. Nutrients. 2012;4(7):568-84.
11. Hopkins WG. How to interpret changes in an athletic performance test. Sport Sci. 2004;8:1-7.
12. Hopkins WG. A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a P value. Sport Sci. 2007;11:16-9.
13. Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3-12.
14. Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. High rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(4):485-92.
15. Jentjens RL, Moseley L, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96(4):1277-84.
16. Jentjens RL, Shaw C, Birtles T, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and sucrose during exercise. Metabolism. 2005;54(5):610-8.
17. Jentjens RL, Underwood K, Achten J, Currell K, Mann CH, Jeukendrup AE. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated after combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;100(3):807-16.
18. Jentjens RL, Venables MC, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of exogenous glucose, sucrose, and maltose during prolonged cycling exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96(4):1285-91.
19. Jentjens RL, Wagenmakers AJM, Jeukendrup AE. Heat stress increases muscle glycogen use but reduces the oxidation of ingested carbohydrates during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92(4):1562-72.
20. Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition. 2004;20:669-77.
21. Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate and exercise performance: the role of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Met Care. 2010;13(4):452-7.
22. Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L. Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;20(1):112-21.
23. Jeukendrup AE, Wagenmakers AJM, Stegen JH, Gijsen AP, Brouns F, Saris WH. Carbohydrate ingestion can completely suppress endogenous glucose production during exercise. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(4 Pt 1):E672-83.
24. Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L, Mainwaring GI, Samuels S, Perry S, Mann CH. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;100(4):1134-41.
25. Jeukendrup AE, Wallis GA. Measurement of substrate oxidation during exercise by means of gas exchange measurements. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26(1 Suppl):S28-37.
26. Lane SC, Bird SR, Burke LM, Hawley JA. Effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted state. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013;38(2):134-9.
27. Lecoultre V, Benoit R, Carrel G, et al. Fructose and glucose coingestion during prolonged exercise increases lactate and glucose fluxes and oxidation compared with an equimolar intake of glucose. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(5):1071-9.
28. Lipsey MW. Design Sensitivity: Statistical Power for Experimental Research. Newbury Park, (CA): Sage Publicationsl; 1990. pp. 88-92, 133-136.
29. Mace OJ, Affleck J, Patel N, Kellett GL. Sweet taste receptors in rat small intestine stimulate glucose absorption through apical GLUT2. J Physiol. 2007;582(Pt 1):379-92.
30. Marmy-Conus N, Fabris S, Proietto J, Hagreaves M. Preexercise glucose ingestion and glucose kinetics during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996;81(2):853-7.
31. Nilsson LH, Hultman E. Liver glycogen in man-the effect of total starvation or a carbohydrate-poor diet followed by carbohydrate refeeding. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1973;32(4):325-30.
32. O'Brien WJ, Rowlands DS. Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;300(1):G181-9.
33. Ravich WJ, Bayless TM, Thomas M. Fructose: incomplete intestinal absorption in humans. Gastroenterology. 1983;84(1):26-9.
34. Rehrer N, Wagenmakers AJM, Beckers E, et al. Gastric emptying, absorption, and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992;72(2):468-75.
35. Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S, American College of Sports Medicine. Position Stand: nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):709-31.
36. Rowlands DS, Swift M, Ros M, Green JG. Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012;37(3):425-36.
37. Rowlands DS, Rössler K, Thorp RM, et al. Effect of dietary protein content during recovery from high-intensity cycling on subsequent performance and markers of stress, inflammation, and muscle damage in well-trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2008;33(1):39-51.
38. Shi X, Summers RW, Schedl HP, Flanagan SW, Chang R, Gisolfi CV. Effects of carbohydrate type and concentration and solution osmolality on water absorption. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(12): 1607-15.
39. Smith JW, Pascoe DD, Passe DH, et al. Curvilinear dose-response relationship of carbohydrate (0-120 gIhj1) and performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(2):336-41.
40. Smith JW, Zachwieja JJ, Péronnet F, et al. Fuel selection and cycling endurance performance with ingestion of [13C]glucose: evidence for a carbohydrate dose response. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010;108(6):1520-9.
41. Triplett D, Doyle JA, Rupp JC, Benardot D. An isocaloric glucose-fructose beverage's effect on simulated 100-km cycling performance compared with a glucose-only beverage. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(2):122-31.
42. Wallis GA, Rowlands DS, Shaw C, Jentjens RLPG, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(3):426-32.