Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 112-121

  Jeukendrup, A E ^a   Moseley, L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

13C acetate; Deuterium; Dye dilution; Exercise

Indexed keywords

CITRATE SODIUM; CITRIC ACID; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; LACTIC ACID DERIVATIVE; WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEVERAGE; BLOOD; BREATH ANALYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFECT; ENDURANCE; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; HUMAN; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; STOMACH EMPTYING; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ADULT; BEVERAGES; BREATH TESTS; CITRATES; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; FRUCTOSE; GASTRIC EMPTYING; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; LACTATES; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; WATER; WEIGHT LOSS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 75649111908     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00862.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Beckers EJ, Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, ten Hoor F, Saris WHM. Determination of total gastric volume, gastric secretion and residual meal using the double sampling technique of George. Gut 1988 : 29 (12) : 1725 1729.
2. Borg GA. Simple ratings of perceived exertion. In : Borg G, ed. Physical work and effort. New York : Pergamom, 1975 : 39 46.
3. Coggan AR, Coyle EF. Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion. J Appl Physiol 1987 : 63 (6) : 2388 2395.
4. Convertino VA, Armstrong LE, Coyle EF, Mack GW, Sawka MN, Senay LC Jr., Sherman WM. American college of sports medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 : 28 (1) : i vii.
5. Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Ivy JL. Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. J Appl Physiol 1986 : 61 (1) : 165 172.
6. Coyle EF, Montain SJ. Carbohydrate and fluid ingestion during exercise: are there trade-offs? Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992 : 24 (6) : 671 678.
7. Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1957 : 12 : 133 149.
8. Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008 : 40 (2) : 275 281.
9. Davis JM, Burgess WA, Slentz CA, Bartoli WP. Pate Effects of ingesting 6% and 12% glucose/electrolyte beverages during prolonged intermittent cycling in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988 : 57 (5) : 563 569.
10. Davis JM, Burgess WA, Slentz CA, Bartoli WP. Fluid availability and sports drinks differing in carbohydrate type and concentration. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 : 51 : 1054 1057.
11. 2O-labeled beverages. J Appl Physiol 1987 : 63 (5) : 2060 2066.
12. Duchman SM, Ryan AJ, Schedl HP, Summers RW, Bleiler TL, Gisolfi CV. Upper limit for intestinal absorption of a dilute glucose solution in men at rest. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 : 29 (4) : 482 488.
13. Elias E, Gibson GJ, Greenwood LF, Hunt JN, Tripp JH. The slowing of gastric emptying by monosaccharides and disaccharides in test meals. J Physiol 1968 : 194 : 317 326.
14. Ferraris RP, Diamond J. Regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Physiol Rev 1997 : 77 (1) : 257 302.
15. Frayn KN. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. J Appl Physiol 1983 : 55 : 628 634.
16. Galloway SD, Maughan RJ. Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 : 29 (9) : 1240 1249.
17. George JD. New clinical method for measuring the rate of gastric emptying: the double sampling test meal. Gut 1968 : 9 : 237 242.
18. Gisolfi CV, Duchman SM. Guidelines for optimal replacement beverages for different athletic events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992 : 24 (6) : 679 687.
19. Gisolfi CV, Summers RW, Schedl HP, Bleiler TL, Oppliger RA. Human intestinal water absorption: direct vs. indirect measurements. Am J Physiol 1990 : 258 (2 Pt 1) : G216 G222.
20. Hassan MA, Hobsley M. Positioning of subject and of nasogastric tube during a gastric secretion study. Br Med J 1970 : 1 (694) : 458 460.
21. Holdsworth CD, Dawson AM. The absorption of monosaccharides in man. Clin Sci 1964 : 27 : 371 379.
22. Horowitz M, Cunningham KM, Wishart JM, Jones KL, Read NW. The effect of short-term dietary supplementation with glucose on gastric emptying of glucose and fructose and oral glucose tolerance in normal subjects. Diabetologia 1996 : 39 (4) : 481 486.
23. Hunt JN. The site of receptors slowing gastric emptying in response to starch in test meals. J Physiol 1960 : 154 : 270 276.
24. Jentjens RL, Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. High oxidation rates from combined carbohydrates ingested during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004a : 36 (9) : 1551 1558.
25. Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. High rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise. Br J Nutr 2005 : 93 (4) : 485 492.
26. Jentjens RL, Moseley L, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004b : 96 (4) : 1277 1284.
27. Jentjens RL, Underwood K, Achten J, Currell K, Mann CH, Jeukendrup AE. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated after combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 2006 : 100 (3) : 807 816.
28. Jentjens RL, Venables MC, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of exogenous glucose, sucrose, and maltose during prolonged cycling exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004c : 96 (4) : 1285 1291.
29. Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition 2004 : 20 (7-8) : 669 677.
30. Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L, Mainwaring GI, Samuels S, Perry S, Mann CH. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 2006 : 100 (4) : 1134 1141.
31. Koulmann N, Melin B, Bourdon L, Peronnet F, Jimenez C, Pouzeratte N, Savourey G, Launay JC, Bittel J. Effects of acute hypobaric hypoxia on the appearance of ingested deuterium from a deuterium oxide-labelled carbohydrate beverage in body fluids of humans during prolonged cycling exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999 : 79 (5) : 397 403.
32. Koulmann N, Melin B, Jiminez C, Charpenet A, Savourey G, Bittel J. Effects of different carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on the appearance of ingested deuterium in body fluids during moderate exercise by humans in the heat. Eur J Physiol 1996 : 75 : 525 531.
33. Lambert CP, Ball D, Leiper JB, Maughan RJ. The use of a deuterium tracer technique to follow the fate of fluids ingested by human subjects: effects of drink volume and tracer concentration and content. Exp Physiol 1999 : 84 (2) : 391 399.
34. Loo DD, Zeuthen T, Chandy G, Wright EM. Cotransport of water by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 : 93 (23) : 13367 13370.
35. Maughan RJ. Fluid and electrolyte loss and replacement in exercise. J Sports Sci 1991 : 9 Spec No : 117 142.
36. Maughan RJ. The sports drink as a functional food: formulations for successful performance. Proc Nutr Soc 1998 : 57 (1) : 15 23.
37. Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, McGaw BA. Effects of exercise intensity on absorption of ingested fluids in man. Exp Physiol 1990 : 75 (3) : 419 421.
38. Mitchell JB, Costill DL, Houmard JA, Fink WJ, Robergs RA, Davis JA. Gastric emptying: influence of prolonged exercise and carbohydrate concentration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1989 : 21 (3) : 269 274.
39. Mitchell JB, Voss KW. The influence of volume on gastric emptying and fluid balance during prolonged exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991 : 23 (3) : 314 319.
40. Moran TH, McHugh PR. Distinctions among three sugars in their effects on gastric emptying and satiety. Am J Physiol 1981 : 241 (1) : R25 R30.
41. Murray R. The effects of consuming carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on gastric emptying and fluid absorption during and following exercise. Sports Med 1987 : 4 (5) : 322 351.
42. Murray R, Bartoli WP, Eddy DE, Horn MK. Gastric emptying and plasma deuterium accumulation following ingestion of water and two carbohydrate- electrolyte beverages. Int J Sport Nutr 1997 : 7 (2) : 144 153.
43. Neufer PD, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Kirwan JP, Fielding RA, Flynn MG. Effects of exercise and carbohydrate composition on gastric emptying. Med Sci Sports Ex 1986 : 18 (6) : 658 662.
44. Noakes TD, Rehrer NJ, Maughan RJ. The importance of volume in regulating gastric emptying. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991 : 23 (3) : 307 313.
45. Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, Beckers EJ, Saris WHM. The influence of beverage composition and gastrointestinal function on fluid and nutrient availability during exercise. A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1994 : 4 : 159 172.
46. Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, Beckers EJ, ten Hoor F, Saris WHM. Gastric emptying with repeated drinking during running and bicycling. Int J Sports Med 1990 : 11 (3) : 238 243.
47. Rehrer NJ, Wagenmakers AJ, Beckers EJ, Halliday D, Leiper JB, Brouns F, Maughan RJ, Westerterp K, Saris WH. Gastric emptying, absorption, and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1992 : 72 (2) : 468 475.
48. Rolston DD, Zinzuvadia SN, Mathan VI. Evaluation of the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions using human whole gut perfusion. Gut 1990 : 31 (10) : 1115 1119.
49. Rumessen JJ, Gudmand-Hoyer E. Absorption capacity of fructose in healthy adults. Comparison with sucrose and its constituent monosaccharides. Gut 1986 : 27 (10) : 1161 1168.
50. Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007 : 39 (2) : 377 390.
51. Schvarcz E, Palmer M, Aman J, Horowitz M, Stridsberg M, Berne C. Physiological hyperglycemia slows gastric emptying in normal subjects and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 1997 : 113 (1) : 60 66.
52. Shi X, Bartoli W, Horn M, Murray R. Gastric emptying of cold beverages in humans: effect of transportable carbohydrates. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000 : 10 (4) : 394 403.
53. Shi X, Summers RW, Schedl HP, Flanagan SW, Chang R, Gisolfi CV. Effects of carbohydrate type and concentration and solution osmolality on water absorption. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995 : 27 (12) : 1607 1615.
54. Shirreffs SM, Maughan RJ. Urine osmolality and conductivity as indices of hydration status in athletes in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998 : 30 (11) : 1598 1602.
55. Sole CC, Noakes TD. Faster gastric emptying for glucose-polymer and fructose solutions than for glucose in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1989 : 58 (6) : 605 612.
56. Thomson AB, Keelan M, Thiesen A, Clandinin MT, Ropeleski M, Wild GE. Small bowel review: normal physiology part 1. Dig Dis Sci 2001 : 46 (12) : 2567 2587. (Pubitemid 33141026)
57. Vist GE, Maughan RJ. Gastric emptying of ingested solutions in man: effect of beverage glucose concentration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994 : 26 (10) : 1269 1273.
58. 2 background enrichment during exercise: diet-related differences between Europe and America. J Appl Physiol 1993 : 74 (5) : 2353 2357.
59. Wallis GA, Rowlands DS, Shaw C, Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005 : 37 (3) : 426 432. (Pubitemid 40354452)