Air-exposure-induced gas-molecule incorporation into spiro-MeOTAD films

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 5, Issue 8, 2014, Pages 1374-1379

  Ono, Luis K ^a   Schulz, Philip ^b   Endres, James J ^b   Nikiforov, Gueorgui O ^a   Kato, Yuichi ^a   Kahn, Antoine ^b   Qi, Yabing ^a  

^a OKINAWA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

gas exposure; hole mobility; IPES; organic field effect transistor; spiro MeOTAD; UPS; UV vis; XPS

Indexed keywords

HOLE MOBILITY; MOLECULES; ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; PHOTOELECTRONS; SEMICONDUCTOR DOPING; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAVIOLET VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

GAS EXPOSURE; IPES; SPIRO-MEOTAD; UPS; UV-VIS;

AIR MOBILITY;

EID: 84899026654     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jz500414m     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Cai, N.; Moon, S. J.; Cevey-Ha, L.; Moehl, T.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Wang, P.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Gratzel, M. An Organic D-p-A Dye for Record Efficiency Solid-State Sensitized Heterojunction Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1452-1456
2. Hsu, C. Y.; Chen, Y. C.; Lin, R. Y. Y.; Ho, K. C.; Lin, J. T. Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Spirofluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and Arylamines as Hole Transporting Materials Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 14099-14109
3. 2 Solar Cells with High Photon-to-Electron Conversion Efficiencies Nature 1998, 395, 583-585
4. Margulis, G. Y.; Christoforo, M. G.; Lam, D.; Beiley, Z. M.; Bowring, A. R.; Bailie, C. D.; Salleo, A.; McGehee, M. D. Spray Deposition of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Semitransparent Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 1657-1663
5. Burschka, J.; Dualeh, A.; Kessler, F.; Baranoff, E.; Cevey-Ha, N. L.; Yi, C. Y.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Gratzel, M. Tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) cobalt(III) as p-Type Dopant for Organic Semiconductors and Its Application in Highly Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 18042-18045
6. 3 Recombination Barrier Layers Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition in Solid-State CdS Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 5584-5592
7. Snaith, H. J. Perovskites: The Emergence of a New Era for Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cells J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3623-3630
8. Park, N. G. Organometal Perovskite Light Absorbers Toward a 20% Efficiency Low-Cost Solid-State Mesoscopic Solar Cell J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 2423-2429
9. 3 Perovskite Sensitizer Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2412-2417
10. Liu, D.; Kelly, T. L. Perovskite Solar Cells with a Planar Heterojunction Structure Prepared Using Room-Temperature Solution Processing Techniques Nat. Photonics 2014, 8, 133-138
11. Liu, M. Z.; Johnston, M. B.; Snaith, H. J. Efficient Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells by Vapour Deposition Nature 2013, 501, 395-398
12. Kumar, M. H.; Yantara, N.; Dharani, S.; Graetzel, M.; Mhaisalkar, S.; Boix, P. P.; Mathews, N. Flexible, Low-Temperature, Solution Processed ZnO-Based Perovskite Solid State Solar Cells Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 11089-11091
13. Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G.; Menelaou, C.; Alcocer, M. J. P.; Leijtens, T.; Herz, L. M.; Petrozza, A.; Snaith, H. J. Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber Science 2013, 342, 341-344
14. 3 Science 2013, 342, 344-347
15. Snaith, H. J.; Moule, A. J.; Klein, C.; Meerholz, K.; Friend, R. H.; Gratzel, M. Efficiency Enhancements in Solid-State Hybrid Solar Cells via Reduced Charge Recombination and Increased Light Capture Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3372-3376
16. Yella, A.; Lee, H. W.; Tsao, H. N.; Yi, C. Y.; Chandiran, A. K.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Diau, E. W. G.; Yeh, C. Y.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Gratzel, M. Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells with Cobalt (II/III)-Based Redox Electrolyte Exceed 12% Efficiency Science 2011, 334, 629-634
17. Christians, J. A.; Fung, R. C. M.; Kamat, P. V. An Inorganic Hole Conductor for Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Improved Hole Conductivity with Copper Iodide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 758-764
18. 2 Photoelectrodes Org. Electron. 2014, 15, 9-15
19. Ding, I. K.; Tetreault, N.; Brillet, J.; Hardin, B. E.; Smith, E. H.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Sauvage, F.; Gratzel, M.; McGehee, M. D. Pore-Filling of Spiro-OMeTAD in Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: Quantification, Mechanism, and Consequences for Device Performance Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 2431-2436
20. Wang, H.; Xu, M.; Liu, G. H.; Li, X.; Xiang, P.; Ku, Z. L.; Rong, Y. G.; Liu, L. F.; Hu, M.; Yang, Y. Effect of Photo-Doping on Performance for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on 2,2′ 7,7′-Tetrakis- (N,N-di-p-Methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-Spirobifluorene and Carbon Counter Electrode Electrochim. Acta 2013, 99, 238-241
21. Cappel, U. B.; Daeneke, T.; Bach, U. Oxygen-Induced Doping of Spiro-MeOTAD in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Its Impact on Device Performance Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 4925-4931
22. Yang, L.; Xu, B.; Bi, D. Q.; Tian, H. N.; Boschloo, G.; Sun, L. C.; Hagfeldt, A.; Johansson, E. M. J. Initial Light Soaking Treatment Enables Hole Transport Material to Outperform Spiro-OMeTAD in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7378-7385
23. Snaith, H. J.; Gratzel, M. Light-Enhanced Charge Mobility in a Molecular Hole Transporter Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 177402
24. Burschka, J.; Kessler, F.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Gratzel, M. Co(III) Complexes as p-Dopants in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 2986-2990
25. Hwang, J.; Wan, A.; Kahn, A. Energetics of Metal-Organic Interfaces: New Experiments and Assessment of the Field Mater. Sci. Eng., R 2009, 64, 1-31
26. 3 Interface Investigated by Synchrotron-Induced Photoelectron Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 18146-18154
27. Scholin, R.; Karlsson, M. H.; Eriksson, S. K.; Siegbahn, H.; Johansson, E. M. J.; Rensmo, H. Energy Level Shifts in Spiro-OMeTAD Molecular Thin Films When Adding Li-TFSI J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 26300-26305
28. Fantacci, S.; De Angelis, F.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Gratzel, M. Electronic and Optical Properties of the Spiro-MeOTAD Hole Conductor in Its Neutral and Oxidized Forms: A DFT/TDDFT Investigation J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 23126-23133
29. Bussolotti, F.; Kera, S.; Kudo, K.; Kahn, A.; Ueno, N. Gap states in Pentacene Thin Film Induced by Inert Gas Exposure Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 267602
30. Guerrero, A.; Boix, P. P.; Marchesi, L. F.; Ripolles-Sanchis, T.; Pereira, E. C.; Garcia-Belmonte, G. Oxygen Doping-Induced Photogeneration Loss in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 100, 185-191
31. Abdou, M. S. A.; Orfino, F. P.; Son, Y.; Holdcroft, S. Interaction of Oxygen with Conjugated Polymers: Charge Transfer Complex Formation with Poly(3-Alkylthiophenes) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4518-4524
32. Dhoot, A. S.; Wang, G. M.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J. Voltage-Induced Metal-Insulator Transition in Polythiophene Field-Effect Transistors Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 246403
33. Poplavskyy, D.; Nelson, J. Nondispersive Hole Transport in Amorphous Films of Methoxy-Spirofluorene-Arylamine Organic Compound J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 341-346
34. Snaith, H. J.; Gratzel, M. Enhanced Charge Mobility in a Molecular Hole Transporter via Addition of Redox Inactive Ionic Dopant: Implication to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 262114
35. Sakanoue, T.; Yahiro, M.; Adachi, C.; Takimiya, K.; Toshimitsu, A. Electrical Characteristics of Single-Component Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Effects of Air Exposure on Them J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103, 094509