Flourishing of information technology professionals: Effects on individual and organisational outcomes

South African Journal of Business Management

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 27-41

  Diedericks, E ^a   Rothmann, S ^a  

^a NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Counterproductive behaviour; Flourishing; Job satisfaction; Organisational citizenship behavior; Organisational commitment; Turnover

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898766334     PISSN: 20785585     EISSN: 20785976     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4102/sajbm.v45i1.115     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Arbuckle, J.L. 2009. Amos 18.0. Crawfordville, FL: AMOS Development Corporation.
2. Armstrong, M. 2006. A handbook of human resource management practice (10th Edition). London: Kogan Page.
3. Bakker, A.B. & Schaufeli, W.B. 2008. 'Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29: 147-154.
4. Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. 2003. 'Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the Job-Demands Resources Model', European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12: 393-417.
5. Bateman, T.S. & Organ, D.W. 1983. 'Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and citizenship', Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595.
6. Blau, P. 1964. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
7. Bergh, Z.C. & Theron, A.L. 2012. Psychology in the work context (4th Edition). Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
8. Bono, J.E., Davies, S.E. & Rasch, R.L. 2012. 'Some traits associated with flourishing at work'. In Cameron, K. & Spreitzer, G.M. (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship. New York: Oxford University Press, p.p. 125-137.
9. Bowling, N.A., Eschleman, K.J. & Wang, Q. 2010. 'A metaanalytic examination of the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83: 915-934.
10. Chang, M.K. & Cheung, W. 2001. 'Determinants of the intention to use internet/WWW at work: A confirmatory study', Information and Management, 39: 1-14.
11. Clark, M.S. & Isen, A.M. 1982. 'Toward understanding the relationship between feeling states and social behaviour.' In Hastrof, A.H. & Isen, A.M. (Eds.). Cognitive social psychology. New York: Elsevier, p.p. 73-108.
12. Cohen, A. 2003. Multiple commitments in the workplace: An integrative approach. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
13. Connolly, J.J. & Viswesvaran, C. 2000. 'The role of affectivity in job satisfaction: A meta-analysis', Personality and Individual Differences, 29: 265-281.
14. Coyle-Shapiro, J.A. 2002. 'A psychological contract perspective on organizational citizenship behavior', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23: 927-946.
15. Coyle-Shapiro, J.A. & Kessler, I. 2002. 'Contingent and non-contingent working in local government: Contrasting psychological contracts', Public Administration, 80: 77-101.
16. Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. 2008. 'Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health', Canadian Psychology, 49(3): 182-185.
17. De Cuyper, N. & De Witte, H. 2007. 'Job insecurity among temporary versus permanent workers: Effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, life satisfaction and self-rated performance', Work and Stress, 21: 65-84.
18. De Cuyper, N., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Berntson, E., De Witte, H. & Alarco, B. 2008. 'Employability and employees' wellbeing: Mediation by job insecurity', Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57: 488-509.
19. Diener, E. 1984. 'Subjective well-being', Psychological Bulletin, 95: 542-575.
20. Diener, E., Kesebir, P. & Lucas, R. 2008. 'Benefits of accounts of well-being-For societies and for psychological science', Applied Psychology: An International Journal, 57: 37-53.
21. Field, A. 2009. Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd Edition). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
22. Fredrickson, B.L. 1998. 'What good are positive emotions?' Review of General Psychology, 2: 300-319.
23. Fredrickson, B.L. 2001. 'The role of positive emotions on positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions', American Psychological Association, 56: 218-226.
24. Fredrickson, B.L. 2004. 'The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions', Philosophical Transaction: Biological Sciences, 359: 1367-1377.
25. Gaylard, M., Sutherland, M. & Viedge, C. 2005. 'The factors perceived to influence the retention of information technology workers', South African Journal of Business Management, 36: 87-97.
26. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Andersen, R.E. 2010. Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person.
27. Harrison, J.K. & Hubbard, R. 1998. 'Antecedents to organisational commitment among Mexican employees of a U.S. firm in Mexico', The Journal of Social Psychology, 138: 609-623.
28. Harter, J.K., Schmidt, F.L. & Hayes, T.L. 2002. 'Businessunit level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A metaanalysis', Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 268-279.
29. Harter, J.K., Schmidt, F.L. & Keyes, C.L.M. 2002. 'Wellbeing in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup Studies'. In Keyes, C.L.M. & Haidt, J. (Eds.). Flourishing: The positive person and the good life. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p.p. 205-224.
30. Hayes, A.F. 2009. 'Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium', Communication Monographs, 76: 408-420.
31. Hecht, D.H. & Boies, K. 2009. 'Structure and correlates of spillover from nonwork to work: An examination of nonwork activities, well-being, and work outcomes', Journal of Organizational Health Psychology, 14: 414-426.
32. Judge, T.A., Van Vianen, A.E.M. & De Pater, I. 2004. 'Emotional stability, core self-evaluations, and job outcomes: A review of the evidence and an agenda for future research', Human Performance, 17: 325-346.
33. Keyes. C.L.M. 2002. 'The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life', Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43: 207-222.
34. Keyes, C.L.M. 2005. 'Mental illness and/or mental health? Investing axioms of the complete state model of health', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73: 539-548.
35. Keyes, C.L.M. 2007. 'Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing', American Psychologist, 62: 95-108.
36. Keyes, C.L.M. 2009. 'Brief description of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF).' [online] URL: http//www.sociology.emory.edu/ckeyes/. Accessed 14 December 2010.
37. Keyes, C.L.M. & Annas, J. 2009. 'Feeling good and functioning well: Distinctive concepts in ancient philosophy and contemporary science', Journal of Positive Psychology, 4: 197-201.
38. Keyes, C.L.M. & Haidt, J. 2003. Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
39. Keyes, C.L.M., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J.P., Temane, M., Kruger, A. & Van Rooy, S. 2008. 'Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) in Setswana speaking South Africans', Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15: 181-192.
40. Kline, R.B. 2010. Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (3rd Edition.). New York: Guilford Press.
41. Lambert, S.J. 2006. 'Both art and science: Employing organizational documentation in workplace-based research'. In Pitt-Catsouphes, M. Kossek, E.E. & Sweet, S. (Eds.). The work and family handbook: Multi-disciplinary perspectives, methods, and approaches. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p.p. 503-525.
42. Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.L. & Barton, S.M. 2001. 'The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: A test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers', The Social Science Journal, 38: 233-250.
43. LePine, J.A., Erez, A. & Johnson, D.E. 2002. 'The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behaviour: A critical review and meta-analysis', Journal of Applied Psychology, 87: 52-65.
44. Lowry, G., Turner, R. & Fisher, J. 2006. 'The contribution of employment satisfaction factors to recruiting, retaining and career development of information systems and technology professionals', The Review of Business Information Systems, 10: 137-150.
45. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. & Diener, E. 2005. 'The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?' Psychological Bulletin, 131: 803-855.
46. Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K.M. & Schkade, D. 2005. 'Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change', Review of General Psychology, 9: 111-131.
47. Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. 1997. Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
48. Moore, J.E. & Burke, L.A. 2002. 'How to turn around 'turnover culture' in IT', Communications of the ACM, 45: 73-78.
49. Moore, J.E. & Love, M.S. 2005. 'IT professionals as organizational citizens', Communications of the ACM, 48: 89-93.
50. Morgan, J. & Farsides, T. 2008. 'Measuring meaning in life', Journal of Happiness Studies. [online]URL:http://www.springerlink.com/content/3x17252 45j2605n6/.
51. Nunnally, J.C. & Bernstein, I.H. 1994. Psychometric theory (3rd Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
52. Organ, D.W. 1988. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
53. Organ, D.W. 1990. 'The motivational basis of organizational citizenship behaviour.' In Staw, B.M. & Cummings, L.L. (Eds.). Research in organizational behaviour. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, p.p. 43-72.
54. Ouwencel, E., LeBlanc, P.M. & Schaufeli, W.B. 2011. 'Flourishing students: A longitudinal study on positive emotions, personal resources, and study engagement', The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6: 142-153.
55. Pierce, J.L. & Gardner, D.G. 2004. 'Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: A review of theorganizational-based self-esteem literature', Journal of Management, 30: 591-622.
56. Porter, L.W., Steers, R.M., Mowday, R.T. & Boulian, P. 1974. 'Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians', Journal of Applied Psychology, 59: 603-609.
57. Preacher, K.J. & Hayes, A.F. 2008. 'Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models', Behavior Research Methods, 40: 879-891.
58. Preacher, K.J. & Hayes, A.F. 2009. 'Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediational analysis in the new millennium', Communication Monographs, 76: 408-420.
59. Price, J. 1997. 'Handbook of organisational measurement', International Journal of Manpower, 18: 303-558.
60. Price, J.L. 2001. 'Reflections on the determinants of voluntary turnover', International Journal of Manpower, 22: 660-624.
61. Puffer, S.M. 1987. 'Prosocial behaviour, non-compliant behaviour, and work performance among commission salespeople', Journal of Applied Psychology, 72: 615-621.
62. Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. & Armeli, S. 2001. 'Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support', Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 825-836.
63. Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., Odendaal, A. & Roodt, G. 2009. Organisational behaviour: Global and Southern African perspectives. Cape Town: Pearson Education.
64. Roodt, J. & Paterson, A. 2008. 'ICT skills in the labour market: An occupational-level analysis focusing on computer professionals and associate professionals, 1996-2005: Scarce and critical skills research project for the Department of Labour in South Africa.' [online] URL:http://www.labour.gov.za/ downloads/documents/resea rcdocuments/ICT%20skills-DoL-Report.pdf.
65. Rothmann, S. 2010. The reliability and validity of measuring instruments of happiness in the Southern African context. Vanderbijlpark: North-West University.
66. Rousseau, D.M. 1998. 'Why workers still identify with organizations', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19: 217-233.
67. Ryff, C.D. 1989. 'Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57: 1069-1081.
68. Schnake, M., Cochran, D. & Dumler, M. 1995. 'Encouraging organizational citizenship: The effects on job satisfaction, perceived equity and leadership', Journal of Managerial Issues, 7: 209-221.
69. Seligman, M.E.P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. 2000. 'Positive psychology: An introduction', American Psychologist, 55: 5-14.
70. Sjöberg, A. & Sverke, M. 2000. 'The interactive effect of job involvement and organizational commitment revisited: A note on the mediating role of turnover intention', Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41: 247-252.
71. Smith, C.A., Organ, D.W. & Near, J.P. 1983. 'Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents', Journal of Applied Psychology, 68: 653-663.
72. Sparks, K., Faragher, B. & Cooper, C.L. 2001. 'Well-being and occupational health in the 21st century workplace', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74: 489-509.
73. Spector, P. E. & Fox, S. 2005. 'The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior.' In Fox, S. & Spector, P.E. (Eds.). Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, p.p. 151-174.
74. Spector, P., Fox, S., Penney, L.M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A. & Kessler, S. 2006. 'The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are counterproductive behaviours created equal?' Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68: 446-460.
75. SPSS Inc. 2011. SPSS 19.0 for Windows. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
76. Sverke, M., Hellgren, J. & Näswall, K. 2002. 'No security: A meta-analysis and review of job security and its consequences', Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7: 242-264.
77. Thatcher, J.B., Stepina, L.P. & Boyle, R.J. 2002. 'Turnover of IT workers: Examining empirically the influence of attitudes, job characteristics and external markets', Journal of Management Information Systems, 19: 231-261.
78. Thoresen, C.J., Kaplan, S.A., Barsky, A.P., Warren, C.R. & de Chermont, K. 2003. 'The affective underpinnings of job perceptions and attitudes: A meta-analytic review and integration', Psychological Bulletin, 129: 914-945.
79. Torrington, D., Hall, L. & Taylor, S. 2008. Human resource management (7th Edition). Harlow, FT: Pearson Education.
80. Trimble, D.E. 2006. 'Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of missionaries', Journal of Psychology and Theology, 34: 349-360.
81. Tugade, M.M. & Fredrickson, B.L. 2004. 'Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 320-333.
82. Turner, R. & Lowry, G. 2000. 'Motivating and recruiting intending IS professionals: A study of what attracts IS students to prospective employment', South African Computer Journal, 24: 132-137.
83. Van Dyne, L., Graham, J.W. & Dienesch, R.M. 1994. 'Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct, definition, measurement, and validation', Academy of Management Journal, 37: 765-802.
84. Vella-Brodrick, D., Park, N. & Peterson, C. 2009. 'Three ways to be happy: Pleasure, engagement, and meaning: Findings from Australian and US samples', Social Indicators Research, 90: 156-179.
85. Woon, I. M. Y. & Pee, L. G. 2004. Behavioral factors affecting internet abuse in the workplace: An empirical investigation. Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on HCI Research in MIS, Washington.
86. Yilmaz, K. & Cokluk-Bokeoglu, O. 2008. 'Organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational commitment in Turkish primary schools', World Applied Sciences Journal, 3: 775-780.
87. Youssef, C.M. & Luthans, F. 2012. 'Positive global leadership', Journal of World Business, 47: 539-547.