메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 206-224

Belief polarization is not always irrational

Author keywords

Bayesian networks; Belief polarization; Belief revision; Rationality; Reasoning

Indexed keywords

BAYES THEOREM; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; INDIVIDUALITY; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL;

EID: 84898663831     PISSN: 0033295X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0035941     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (122)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0002561565 scopus 로고
    • Computer simulation of "hot" cognition
    • S. S. Tomkins & S. Messick (Eds.), New York, NY: Wiley.
    • Abelson, R. P. (1963). Computer simulation of "hot" cognition. In S. S. Tomkins & S. Messick (Eds.), Computer simulation of personality: Frontier of psychological theory (pp. 277-298). New York, NY: Wiley.
    • (1963) Computer simulation of personality: Frontier of psychological theory , pp. 277-298
    • Abelson, R.P.1
  • 3
    • 79953040757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeking confirmation is rational for deterministic hypotheses
    • doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01161.x
    • Austerweil, J. L., & Griffiths, T. L. (2011). Seeking confirmation is rational for deterministic hypotheses. Cognitive Science, 35, 499-526. doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01161.x
    • (2011) Cognitive Science , vol.35 , pp. 499-526
    • Austerweil, J.L.1    Griffiths, T.L.2
  • 4
    • 0004201621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking and deciding
    • Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (4th ed.)
    • Baron, J. (2008). Thinking and deciding (4th ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2008)
    • Baron, J.1
  • 5
    • 0001318734 scopus 로고
    • Rational processing or rationalization? The effect of disconfirming information on a stated religious belief
    • doi:10.1037/h0076771
    • Batson, C. D. (1975). Rational processing or rationalization? The effect of disconfirming information on a stated religious belief. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 176-184. doi:10.1037/h0076771
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 176-184
    • Batson, C.D.1
  • 7
    • 70450195700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan bias and the Bayesian ideal in the study of public opinion
    • doi:10.1017/S0022381609090914
    • Bullock, J. G. (2009). Partisan bias and the Bayesian ideal in the study of public opinion. Journal of Politics, 71, 1109 -1124. doi:10.1017/S0022381609090914
    • (2009) Journal of Politics , vol.71 , pp. 1109-1124
    • Bullock, J.G.1
  • 8
    • 0000935059 scopus 로고
    • Violations of the betweenness axiom and nonlinearity in probability
    • doi:10.1007/BF01065371
    • Camerer, C. F., & Ho, T. H. (1994). Violations of the betweenness axiom and nonlinearity in probability. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 8, 167-196. doi:10.1007/BF01065371
    • (1994) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.8 , pp. 167-196
    • Camerer, C.F.1    Ho, T.H.2
  • 9
    • 0019777874 scopus 로고
    • Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated?
    • doi:10.1017/S0140525X00009092
    • Cohen, L. J. (1981). Can human irrationality be experimentally demonstrated? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 317-370. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00009092
    • (1981) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 317-370
    • Cohen, L.J.1
  • 10
    • 0025729108 scopus 로고
    • Conditional reasoning and causation
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03211151
    • Cummins, D. D., Lubart, T., Alksnis, O., & Rist, R. (1991). Conditional reasoning and causation. Memory & Cognition, 19, 274-282. doi: 10.3758/BF03211151
    • (1991) Memory & Cognition , vol.19 , pp. 274-282
    • Cummins, D.D.1    Lubart, T.2    Alksnis, O.3    Rist, R.4
  • 11
    • 23044534604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason selection task
    • doi:10.1177/014616702236869
    • Dawson, E., Gilovich, T., & Regan, D. T. (2002). Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason selection task. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1379-1387. doi:10.1177/014616702236869
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.28 , pp. 1379-1387
    • Dawson, E.1    Gilovich, T.2    Regan, D.T.3
  • 13
    • 84953649781 scopus 로고
    • The aim and structure of physical theory
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Duhem, P. (1954). The aim and structure of physical theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1954)
    • Duhem, P.1
  • 14
    • 0035227450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision technology
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.581
    • Edwards, W., & Fasolo, B. (2001). Decision technology. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 581-606. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.581
    • (2001) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 581-606
    • Edwards, W.1    Fasolo, B.2
  • 15
    • 84898661439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating beliefs with ambiguous evidence: Implications for polarization
    • June (Working Paper No. 19114). National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
    • Fryer, R. G., Jr., Harms, P., & Jackson, M. O. (2013, June). Updating beliefs with ambiguous evidence: Implications for polarization (Working Paper No. 19114). National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
    • (2013)
    • Fryer Jr., R.G.1    Harms, P.2    Jackson, M.O.3
  • 16
    • 0033473446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misperceptions about perceptual bias
    • doi:10.1146/annurev .polisci.2.1.189
    • Gerber, A., & Green, D. (1999). Misperceptions about perceptual bias. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 189-210. doi:10.1146/annurev .polisci.2.1.189
    • (1999) Annual Review of Political Science , vol.2 , pp. 189-210
    • Gerber, A.1    Green, D.2
  • 17
    • 84953484366 scopus 로고
    • How to make cognitive illusions disappear: Beyond "heuristics and biases"
    • doi:10.1080/14792779143000033
    • Gigerenzer, G. (1991). How to make cognitive illusions disappear: Beyond "heuristics and biases". European Review of Social Psychology, 2, 83-115. doi:10.1080/14792779143000033
    • (1991) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 83-115
    • Gigerenzer, G.1
  • 18
    • 77955255253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judgment and decision making
    • Hoboken, NJ: WileyIn S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), (5th ed., Vol.
    • Gilovich, T. D., & Griffin, D. W. (2010). Judgment and decision making. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 542-588). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
    • (2010) Handbook of social psychology , vol.1 , pp. 542-588
    • Gilovich, T.D.1    Griffin, D.W.2
  • 19
    • 0033071923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the shape of the probability weighting function
    • doi:10.1006/cogp.1998 .0710
    • Gonzalez, R., & Wu, G. (1999). On the shape of the probability weighting function. Cognitive Psychology, 38, 129-166. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998 .0710
    • (1999) Cognitive Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 129-166
    • Gonzalez, R.1    Wu, G.2
  • 20
    • 0742271426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of causal learning in children: Causal mapsand Bayes nets
    • doi:10.1037/0033- 295X.111.1.3
    • Gopnik, A., Glymour, C., Sobel, D. M., Schulz, L. E., Kushnir, T., & Danks, D. (2004). A theory of causal learning in children: Causal mapsand Bayes nets. Psychological Review, 111, 3-32. doi:10.1037/0033- 295X.111.1.3
    • (2004) Psychological Review , vol.111 , pp. 3-32
    • Gopnik, A.1    Glymour, C.2    Sobel, D.M.3    Schulz, L.E.4    Kushnir, T.5    Danks, D.6
  • 22
    • 33749439893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to informal argument fallacies
    • doi:10.1007/s11229-005- 5233-2
    • Hahn, U., & Oaksford, M. (2006). A Bayesian approach to informal argument fallacies. Synthese, 152, 207-236. doi:10.1007/s11229-005- 5233-2
    • (2006) Synthese , vol.152 , pp. 207-236
    • Hahn, U.1    Oaksford, M.2
  • 23
    • 34548845565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationality of informal argumentation: A Bayesian approach to reasoning fallacies
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.704
    • Hahn, U., & Oaksford, M. (2007). The rationality of informal argumentation: A Bayesian approach to reasoning fallacies. Psychological Review, 114, 704-732. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.3.704
    • (2007) Psychological Review , vol.114 , pp. 704-732
    • Hahn, U.1    Oaksford, M.2
  • 24
    • 84860559075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I don't want to think about it now: Decision theory with costly computation.
    • In F. Lin, U. Sattler, & M. Truszczynski (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning
    • Halpern, J. Y., & Pass, R. (2010). I don't want to think about it now: Decision theory with costly computation. In F. Lin, U. Sattler, & M. Truszczynski (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 182-190). Retrieved from http://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/KR/KR2010/paper/view/1353/1616
    • (2010) , pp. 182-190
    • Halpern, J.Y.1    Pass, R.2
  • 25
    • 84862310283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Because Hitler did it! Quantitative tests of Bayesian argumentation using ad hominem
    • doi:10.1080/13546783.2012.670753
    • Harris, A. J. L., Hsu, A. S., & Madsen, J. K. (2012). Because Hitler did it! Quantitative tests of Bayesian argumentation using ad hominem. Thinking & Reasoning, 18, 311-343. doi:10.1080/13546783.2012.670753
    • (2012) Thinking & Reasoning , vol.18 , pp. 311-343
    • Harris, A.J.L.1    Hsu, A.S.2    Madsen, J.K.3
  • 26
    • 84855962813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opposite of Republican: Polarization and political categorization
    • doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01138.x
    • Heit, E., & Nicholson, S. P. (2010). The opposite of Republican: Polarization and political categorization. Cognitive Science, 34, 1503-1516. doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2010.01138.x
    • (2010) Cognitive Science , vol.34 , pp. 1503-1516
    • Heit, E.1    Nicholson, S.P.2
  • 27
    • 68649097627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boltzmann machine
    • doi: 10.4249/scholarpedia.1668
    • Hinton, G. E. (2007). Boltzmann machine. Scholarpedia, 2, 1668. doi: 10.4249/scholarpedia.1668
    • (2007) Scholarpedia , vol.2 , pp. 1668
    • Hinton, G.E.1
  • 28
    • 0038832589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional reasoning in decision making by constraint satisfaction
    • doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.3
    • Holyoak, K. J., & Simon, D. (1999). Bidirectional reasoning in decision making by constraint satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 3-31. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.3
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.128 , pp. 3-31
    • Holyoak, K.J.1    Simon, D.2
  • 29
    • 0003998828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability theory: The logic of science
    • (G. L. Bretthorst, Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511790423
    • Jaynes, E. T. (2003). Probability theory: The logic of science (G. L. Bretthorst, Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511790423
    • (2003)
    • Jaynes, E.T.1
  • 30
    • 84858711639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian belief polarization
    • In Y. Bengio, D. Schuurmans, J. Lafferty, C. K. I. Williams, & A. Culotta (Eds.), (Vol.Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates
    • Jern, A., Chang, K. K., & Kemp, C. (2009). Bayesian belief polarization. In Y. Bengio, D. Schuurmans, J. Lafferty, C. K. I. Williams, & A. Culotta (Eds.), Advances in neural information processing systems (Vol. 22, pp. 853-861). Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates.
    • (2009) Advances in neural information processing systems , vol.22 , pp. 853-861
    • Jern, A.1    Chang, K.K.2    Kemp, C.3
  • 31
    • 0003768818 scopus 로고
    • Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.
    • (Eds.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511809477
    • Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511809477
    • (1982)
    • Kahneman, D.1    Slovic, P.2    Tversky, A.3
  • 32
    • 61249492173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disagreement, dogmatism, and belief polarization
    • Kelly, T. (2008). Disagreement, dogmatism, and belief polarization. The Journal of Philosophy, 105, 611-633.
    • (2008) The Journal of Philosophy , vol.105 , pp. 611-633
    • Kelly, T.1
  • 33
    • 0034278040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated scientific reasoning biases, epistemological beliefs, and theory polarization: A two-process approach to adolescent cognition
    • doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00232
    • Klaczynski, P. A. (2000). Motivated scientific reasoning biases, epistemological beliefs, and theory polarization: A two-process approach to adolescent cognition. Child Development, 71, 1347-1366. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00232
    • (2000) Child Development , vol.71 , pp. 1347-1366
    • Klaczynski, P.A.1
  • 34
    • 0002012157 scopus 로고
    • The influence of prior beliefs on scientific judgments of evidence quality
    • doi:10.1006/obhd.1993.1044
    • Koehler, J. J. (1993). The influence of prior beliefs on scientific judgments of evidence quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 56, 28-55. doi:10.1006/obhd.1993.1044
    • (1993) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.56 , pp. 28-55
    • Koehler, J.J.1
  • 35
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480
    • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 36
    • 21144471327 scopus 로고
    • Defensive processing of personally relevant health messages
    • doi:10.1177/0146167292186002
    • Liberman, A., & Chaiken, S. (1992). Defensive processing of personally relevant health messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 669-679. doi:10.1177/0146167292186002
    • (1992) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.18 , pp. 669-679
    • Liberman, A.1    Chaiken, S.2
  • 37
    • 85025379535 scopus 로고
    • Test of an ordering hypothesis in risky decision making
    • doi:10.1016/0001-6918(80)90028-1
    • Lopes, L. L., & Ekberg, P. H. (1980). Test of an ordering hypothesis in risky decision making. Acta Psychologica, 45, 161-167. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(80)90028-1
    • (1980) Acta Psychologica , vol.45 , pp. 161-167
    • Lopes, L.L.1    Ekberg, P.H.2
  • 38
    • 0001371817 scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098
    • Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2098-2109. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 2098-2109
    • Lord, C.G.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.R.3
  • 39
    • 0003444652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explorations in parallel distributed processing: A handbook of models, programs, and exercises
    • McClelland, J. L. (2013). Explorations in parallel distributed processing: A handbook of models, programs, and exercises. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/group/pdplab/pdphandbook/
    • (2013)
    • McClelland, J.L.1
  • 41
    • 11144290736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing effects in inference tasks-And why they are normatively defensible
    • doi:10.3758/BF03196866
    • McKenzie, C. R. M. (2004). Framing effects in inference tasks-And why they are normatively defensible. Memory & Cognition, 32, 874-885. doi:10.3758/BF03196866
    • (2004) Memory & Cognition , vol.32 , pp. 874-885
    • McKenzie, C.R.M.1
  • 43
    • 0031158750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation, attitude polarization, and affect in reactions to stereotype-relevant scientific information
    • doi: 10.1177/0146167297236007
    • Munro, G. D., & Ditto, P. H. (1997). Biased assimilation, attitude polarization, and affect in reactions to stereotype-relevant scientific information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 636-653. doi: 10.1177/0146167297236007
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.23 , pp. 636-653
    • Munro, G.D.1    Ditto, P.H.2
  • 44
    • 79251495432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis generation, sparse categories, and the positive test strategy
    • doi:10.1037/a0021110
    • Navarro, D. J., & Perfors, A. F. (2011). Hypothesis generation, sparse categories, and the positive test strategy. Psychological Review, 118, 120-134. doi:10.1037/a0021110
    • (2011) Psychological Review , vol.118 , pp. 120-134
    • Navarro, D.J.1    Perfors, A.F.2
  • 45
    • 70349762997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for the supremacy of a multinomial cell probability
    • doi:10.1198/jasa.2009.tm08213
    • Nettleton, D. (2009). Testing for the supremacy of a multinomial cell probability. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 104, 1052- 1059. doi:10.1198/jasa.2009.tm08213
    • (2009) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.104 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Nettleton, D.1
  • 46
    • 0003656594 scopus 로고
    • Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
    • Nisbett, R. E., & Ross, L. D. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    • (1980)
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Ross, L.D.2
  • 47
    • 0001249748 scopus 로고
    • The dilution effect: Nondiagnostic information weakens the implications of diagnostic information
    • doi:10.1016/0010- 0285(81)90010-4
    • Nisbett, R. E., Zukier, H., & Lemley, R. E. (1981). The dilution effect: Nondiagnostic information weakens the implications of diagnostic information. Cognitive Psychology, 13, 248 -277. doi:10.1016/0010- 0285(81)90010-4
    • (1981) Cognitive Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 248-277
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Zukier, H.2    Lemley, R.E.3
  • 48
    • 21844522687 scopus 로고
    • A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.4.608
    • Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1994). A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection. Psychological Review, 101, 608-631. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.101.4.608
    • (1994) Psychological Review , vol.101 , pp. 608-631
    • Oaksford, M.1    Chater, N.2
  • 49
    • 2942633562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian approach to the argument from ignorance
    • doi:10.1037/h0085798
    • Oaksford, M., & Hahn, U. (2004). A Bayesian approach to the argument from ignorance. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 75-85. doi:10.1037/h0085798
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 75-85
    • Oaksford, M.1    Hahn, U.2
  • 50
    • 84858742735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biased evidence assimilation under bounded Bayesian rationality
    • (Unpublished master's thesis). Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
    • O'Connor, B. (2006). Biased evidence assimilation under bounded Bayesian rationality (Unpublished master's thesis). Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
    • (2006)
    • O'Connor, B.1
  • 51
    • 0003398906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference
    • Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2000)
    • Pearl, J.1
  • 52
    • 0013947928 scopus 로고
    • Conservatism in a simple probability inference task
    • doi:10.1037/h0023653
    • Phillips, L. D., & Edwards, W. (1966). Conservatism in a simple probability inference task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72, 346-354. doi:10.1037/h0023653
    • (1966) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 346-354
    • Phillips, L.D.1    Edwards, W.2
  • 53
    • 0014143625 scopus 로고
    • Sequential effects in the revision of subjective probabilities
    • doi:10.1037/h0082998
    • Pitz, G. F., Downing, L., & Reinhold, H. (1967). Sequential effects in the revision of subjective probabilities. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 21, 381-393. doi:10.1037/h0082998
    • (1967) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 381-393
    • Pitz, G.F.1    Downing, L.2    Reinhold, H.3
  • 54
    • 84991195102 scopus 로고
    • Biases in the assimilation of technological breakdowns: Do accidents make us safer?
    • doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00459.x
    • Plous, S. (1991). Biases in the assimilation of technological breakdowns: Do accidents make us safer? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 21, 1058-1082. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00459.x
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 1058-1082
    • Plous, S.1
  • 56
    • 0038878418 scopus 로고
    • The "corroboration" of theories
    • P. A. Schilpp (Ed.), La Salle, IL: The Open Court.
    • Putnam, H. (1974). The "corroboration" of theories. In P. A. Schilpp (Ed.), The philosophy of Karl Popper (pp. 121-137). La Salle, IL: The Open Court.
    • (1974) The philosophy of Karl Popper , pp. 121-137
    • Putnam, H.1
  • 57
    • 0002820563 scopus 로고
    • Two dogmas of empiricism
    • Quine, W. V. O. (1951). Two dogmas of empiricism. Philosophical Review, 60, 20-43.
    • (1951) Philosophical Review , vol.60 , pp. 20-43
    • Quine, W.V.O.1
  • 58
    • 0007262468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First impressions matter: A model of confirmatory bias
    • doi:10 .1162/003355399555945
    • Rabin, M., & Schrag, J. L. (1999). First impressions matter: A model of confirmatory bias. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, 37-82. doi:10 .1162/003355399555945
    • (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.114 , pp. 37-82
    • Rabin, M.1    Schrag, J.L.2
  • 59
    • 0002334749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moderating influence of variability on belief revision
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03214554
    • Rehder, B., & Hastie, R. (1996). The moderating influence of variability on belief revision. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 499-503. doi: 10.3758/BF03214554
    • (1996) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.3 , pp. 499-503
    • Rehder, B.1    Hastie, R.2
  • 60
    • 0003103997 scopus 로고
    • Shortcomings in the attribution process: On the origins and maintenance of erroneous social assessments
    • D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511809477.010
    • Ross, L., & Anderson, C. A. (1982). Shortcomings in the attribution process: On the origins and maintenance of erroneous social assessments. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 129-152). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511809477.010
    • (1982) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases , pp. 129-152
    • Ross, L.1    Anderson, C.A.2
  • 62
    • 33750832266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choosing an inferior alternative
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467- 9280.2006.01800.x
    • Russo, J. E., Carlson, K. A., & Meloy, M. G. (2006). Choosing an inferior alternative. Psychological Science, 17, 899-904. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 9280.2006.01800.x
    • (2006) Psychological Science , vol.17 , pp. 899-904
    • Russo, J.E.1    Carlson, K.A.2    Meloy, M.G.3
  • 64
    • 78249247078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational approximations to rational models: Alternative algorithms for category learning
    • doi:10.1037/a0020511
    • Sanborn, A. N., Griffiths, T. L., & Navarro, D. J. (2010). Rational approximations to rational models: Alternative algorithms for category learning. Psychological Review, 117, 1144-1167. doi:10.1037/a0020511
    • (2010) Psychological Review , vol.117 , pp. 1144-1167
    • Sanborn, A.N.1    Griffiths, T.L.2    Navarro, D.J.3
  • 65
    • 84922760774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing effects and rationality
    • N. Chater & M. Oaksford (Eds.), Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216093.003.0004
    • Sher, S., & McKenzie, C. R. M. (2008). Framing effects and rationality. In N. Chater & M. Oaksford (Eds.), The probabilistic mind: Prospects for Bayesian cognitive science (pp. 79-96). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199216093.003.0004
    • (2008) The probabilistic mind: Prospects for Bayesian cognitive science , pp. 79-96
    • Sher, S.1    McKenzie, C.R.M.2
  • 66
    • 0036437215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural dynamics of cognition: From consistency theories to constraint satisfaction
    • doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_03
    • Simon, D., & Holyoak, K. J. (2002). Structural dynamics of cognition: From consistency theories to constraint satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 283-294. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0604_03
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.6 , pp. 283-294
    • Simon, D.1    Holyoak, K.J.2
  • 68
    • 2542626030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The redux of cognitive consistency theories: Evidence judgments by constraint satisfaction
    • doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.814
    • Simon, D., Snow, C. J., & Read, S. J. (2004). The redux of cognitive consistency theories: Evidence judgments by constraint satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 814-837. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.814
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 814-837
    • Simon, D.1    Snow, C.J.2    Read, S.J.3
  • 69
    • 84921416026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal models: How people think about the world and its alternatives.
    • New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183115.001.0001
    • Sloman, S. A. (2005). Causal models: How people think about the world and its alternatives. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183115.001.0001
    • (2005)
    • Sloman, S.A.1
  • 70
    • 0003476227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning
    • Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1999)
    • Stanovich, K.E.1
  • 71
    • 67349150683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The motivated processing of political arguments
    • doi:10.1007/s11109-008-9075-8
    • Taber, C. S., Cann, D., & Kucsova, S. (2009). The motivated processing of political arguments. Political Behavior, 31, 137-155. doi:10.1007/s11109-008-9075-8
    • (2009) Political Behavior , vol.31 , pp. 137-155
    • Taber, C.S.1    Cann, D.2    Kucsova, S.3
  • 72
    • 33744718189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs
    • doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x
    • Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 755-769. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x
    • (2006) American Journal of Political Science , vol.50 , pp. 755-769
    • Taber, C.S.1    Lodge, M.2
  • 73
    • 31744450082 scopus 로고
    • Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representations of uncertainty
    • doi:10.1007/BF00122574
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representations of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 297-323. doi:10.1007/BF00122574
    • (1992) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.5 , pp. 297-323
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 74
    • 0001126729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curvature of the probability weighting function
    • doi:10.1287/mnsc.42 .12.1676
    • Wu, G., & Gonzalez, R. (1996). Curvature of the probability weighting function. Management Science, 42, 1676-1690. doi:10.1287/mnsc.42 .12.1676
    • (1996) Management Science , vol.42 , pp. 1676-1690
    • Wu, G.1    Gonzalez, R.2
  • 75
    • 70350622705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On attitude polarization under Bayesian learning with non-additive beliefs
    • doi:10.1007/s11166-009-9074-0
    • Zimper, A., & Ludwig, A. (2009). On attitude polarization under Bayesian learning with non-additive beliefs. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 39, 181-212. doi:10.1007/s11166-009-9074-0
    • (2009) Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , vol.39 , pp. 181-212
    • Zimper, A.1    Ludwig, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.