메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 874-885

Framing effects in inference tasks - And why they are normatively defensible

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; COVARIANCE; FRAMING EFFECT; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; INFORMATION PROCESSING; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 11144290736     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03196866     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0001314392 scopus 로고
    • A note on measurement of contingency between two binary variables in judgment tasks
    • ALLAN, L. G. (1980). A note on measurement of contingency between two binary variables in judgment tasks. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 15, 147-149.
    • (1980) Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , vol.15 , pp. 147-149
    • Allan, L.G.1
  • 2
    • 0027688756 scopus 로고
    • Human contingency judgments: Rule based or associative?
    • ALLAN, L. G. (1993). Human contingency judgments: Rule based or associative? Psychological Bulletin, 114, 325-448.
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 325-448
    • Allan, L.G.1
  • 4
    • 0029034091 scopus 로고
    • Causal inferences as perceptual judgments
    • ANDERSON, J. R., & SHEU, C.-F. (1995). Causal inferences as perceptual judgments. Memory & Cognition, 23, 510-524.
    • (1995) Memory & Cognition , vol.23 , pp. 510-524
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Sheu, C.-F.2
  • 6
    • 0039630447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From covariation to causation: A causal power theory
    • CHENG, P. W. (1997). From covariation to causation: A causal power theory. Psychological Review, 104, 367-405.
    • (1997) Psychological Review , vol.104 , pp. 367-405
    • Cheng, P.W.1
  • 8
    • 0026843152 scopus 로고
    • Covariation in natural causal induction
    • CHENO, P. W., & NOVICK, L. R. (1992). Covariation in natural causal induction. Psychological Review, 99, 365-382.
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 365-382
    • Cheno, P.W.1    Novick, L.R.2
  • 9
    • 0000032611 scopus 로고
    • Judgment of covariation by social perceivers
    • CROCKER, J. (1981). Judgment of covariation by social perceivers. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 272-292.
    • (1981) Psychological Bulletin , vol.90 , pp. 272-292
    • Crocker, J.1
  • 10
    • 0000020845 scopus 로고
    • Biased questions in judgment of covariation studies
    • CROCKER, J. (1982). Biased questions in judgment of covariation studies. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 214-220.
    • (1982) Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.8 , pp. 214-220
    • Crocker, J.1
  • 13
    • 0000929811 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis testing from a Bayesian perspective
    • FISCHHOFF, B., & BEYTH-MAROM, R. (1983). Hypothesis testing from a Bayesian perspective. Psychological Review, 8, 239-260.
    • (1983) Psychological Review , vol.8 , pp. 239-260
    • Fischhoff, B.1    Beyth-Marom, R.2
  • 14
    • 84953484366 scopus 로고
    • How to make cognitive illusions disappear: Beyond "heuristics and biases"
    • GIGERENZER, G. (1991). How to make cognitive illusions disappear: Beyond "heuristics and biases." European Review of Social Psychology, 2, 83-115.
    • (1991) European Review of Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 83-115
    • Gigerenzer, G.1
  • 15
    • 0026234897 scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic mental models: A Brunswikian theory of confidence
    • GIGERENZER, G., HOFFRAGE, U., & KLEINBOLTING, H. (1991). Probabilistic mental models: A Brunswikian theory of confidence. Psychological Review, 98, 506-528.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 506-528
    • Gigerenzer, G.1    Hoffrage, U.2    Kleinbolting, H.3
  • 17
    • 11944263355 scopus 로고
    • The social context of reasoning: Conversational inference and rational judgment
    • HILTON, D. J. (1995). The social context of reasoning: Conversational inference and rational judgment. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 248-271.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.118 , pp. 248-271
    • Hilton, D.J.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0014253785 scopus 로고
    • The choice of the passive voice in a communicative task
    • JOHNSON-LAIRD, P. N. (1968a). The choice of the passive voice in a communicative task. British Journal of Psychology, 59, 7-15.
    • (1968) British Journal of Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 7-15
    • Johnson-Laird, P.N.1
  • 24
    • 0000125532 scopus 로고
    • Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
    • KAHNEMAN, D., & TVERSKY, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291.
    • (1979) Econometrica , vol.47 , pp. 263-291
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 26
    • 4244115102 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of an information integration account of contingency judgment with examination of subjective cell importance and method of information presentation
    • KAO, S.-E, & WASSERMAN, E. A. (1993). Assessment of an information integration account of contingency judgment with examination of subjective cell importance and method of information presentation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 19, 1363-1386.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , vol.19 , pp. 1363-1386
    • Kao, S.-E.1    Wasserman, E.A.2
  • 27
    • 77957095289 scopus 로고
    • Varieties of confirmation bias
    • D. L. Medin (Series Ed.) & J. Busemeyer & R. Hastie (Vol. Eds.). San Diego: Academic Press
    • KLAYMAN, J. (1995). Varieties of confirmation bias. In D. L. Medin (Series Ed.) & J. Busemeyer & R. Hastie (Vol. Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 32, pp. 385-418). San Diego: Academic Press.
    • (1995) The Psychology of Learning and Motivation , vol.32 , pp. 385-418
    • Klayman, J.1
  • 28
    • 0001636453 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing
    • KLAYMAN, J., & HA, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , pp. 211-228
    • Klayman, J.1    Ha, Y.-W.2
  • 29
    • 0000347046 scopus 로고
    • Why are some problems hard? Evidence from Tower of Hanoi
    • KOTOVSKY, K., HAYES, J. R., & SIMON, H. A. (1985). Why are some problems hard? Evidence from Tower of Hanoi. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 248-294.
    • (1985) Cognitive Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 248-294
    • Kotovsky, K.1    Hayes, J.R.2    Simon, H.A.3
  • 31
    • 0000485795 scopus 로고
    • How consumers are affected by the framing of attribute information before and after consuming the product
    • LEVIN, I. P., & GAETH, G. J. (1988). How consumers are affected by the framing of attribute information before and after consuming the product. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 374-378.
    • (1988) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.15 , pp. 374-378
    • Levin, I.P.1    Gaeth, G.J.2
  • 35
    • 0010137261 scopus 로고
    • A lens-model analysis of covariation research
    • LIPE, M. G. (1990). A lens-model analysis of covariation research. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3, 47-59.
    • (1990) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.3 , pp. 47-59
    • Lipe, M.G.1
  • 38
    • 0032339849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of contingency information in judgments of cause, covariation, and probability
    • MANDEL, D. R., & LEHMAN, D. R. (1998). Integration of contingency information in judgments of cause, covariation, and probability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 269-285.
    • (1998) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.127 , pp. 269-285
    • Mandel, D.R.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 39
    • 0024638466 scopus 로고
    • Framing of information: Its influence upon decisions of doctors and patients
    • MARTEAU, T. M. (1989). Framing of information: Its influence upon decisions of doctors and patients. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 89-94.
    • (1989) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 89-94
    • Marteau, T.M.1
  • 40
    • 38149147110 scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of intuitive judgment strategies: Covariation assessment and Bayesian inference
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M. (1994). The accuracy of intuitive judgment strategies: Covariation assessment and Bayesian inference. Cognitive Psychology, 26, 209-239.
    • (1994) Cognitive Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 209-239
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1
  • 42
    • 0033025801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Non)complementary updating of belief in two hypotheses
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M. (1999). (Non)complementary updating of belief in two hypotheses. Memory & Cognition, 27, 152-165.
    • (1999) Memory & Cognition , vol.27 , pp. 152-165
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1
  • 43
    • 84889425437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis testing and evaluation
    • D. J. Koehler & N. Harvey (Eds.). Oxford: Blackwell
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M. (2004). Hypothesis testing and evaluation. In D. J. Koehler & N. Harvey (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making (pp. 200-219). Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2004) Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making , pp. 200-219
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1
  • 44
    • 0038307152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When wrong predictions provide more support than right ones
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M., & AMIN, M. B. (2002). When wrong predictions provide more support than right ones. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 821-828.
    • (2002) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.9 , pp. 821-828
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1    Amin, M.B.2
  • 46
    • 0034200276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychological side of Hempel's paradox of confirmation
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M., & MIKKELSEN, L. A. (2000). The psychological side of Hempel's paradox of confirmation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7, 360-366.
    • (2000) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.7 , pp. 360-366
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1    Mikkelsen, L.A.2
  • 48
    • 0347533038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What a speaker's choice of frame reveals: Reference points, frame selection, and framing effects
    • MCKENZIE, C. R. M., & NELSON, J. D. (2003). What a speaker's choice of frame reveals: Reference points, frame selection, and framing effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 596-602.
    • (2003) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.10 , pp. 596-602
    • Mckenzie, C.R.M.1    Nelson, J.D.2
  • 50
    • 0023297565 scopus 로고
    • The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior
    • MEYEROWITZ, B. E., & CHAIKEN, S. (1987). The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52, 500-510.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 500-510
    • Meyerowitz, B.E.1    Chaiken, S.2
  • 51
    • 0042773448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communicating quantities: A review of psycholinguistic evidence of how expressions determine perspectives
    • MOXEV, L. M., & SANFORD, A. J. (2000). Communicating quantities: A review of psycholinguistic evidence of how expressions determine perspectives. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 237-255.
    • (2000) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 237-255
    • Moxev, L.M.1    Sanford, A.J.2
  • 52
    • 0002801569 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation bias in a simulated research environment: An experimental study of scientific inference
    • MYNATT, C. R., DOHERTY, M. E., & TWENEV, R. D. (1977). Confirmation bias in a simulated research environment: An experimental study of scientific inference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 85-95.
    • (1977) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 85-95
    • Mynatt, C.R.1    Doherty, M.E.2    Twenev, R.D.3
  • 53
    • 0002380097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hempel's paradox and Wason's selection task: Logical and psychological puzzles of confirmation
    • NICKERSON, R. S. (1996). Hempel's paradox and Wason's selection task: Logical and psychological puzzles of confirmation. Thinking & Reasoning, 2, 1-31.
    • (1996) Thinking & Reasoning , vol.2 , pp. 1-31
    • Nickerson, R.S.1
  • 54
    • 0000245521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises
    • NICKERSON, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2, 175-220.
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 175-220
    • Nickerson, R.S.1
  • 55
    • 21844522687 scopus 로고
    • A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection
    • OAKSFORD, M., & CHATER, N. (1994). A rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection. Psychological Review, 101, 608-631.
    • (1994) Psychological Review , vol.101 , pp. 608-631
    • Oaksford, M.1    Chater, N.2
  • 56
    • 0039806505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational explanation of the selection task
    • OAKSFORD, M., & CHATER, N. (1996). Rational explanation of the selection task. Psychological Review, 103, 381-391.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 381-391
    • Oaksford, M.1    Chater, N.2
  • 57
    • 0043027496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal data selection: Revision, review, and re-evaluation
    • OAKSFORD, M., & CHATER, N. (2003). Optimal data selection: Revision, review, and re-evaluation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, 289-318.
    • (2003) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.10 , pp. 289-318
    • Oaksford, M.1    Chater, N.2
  • 60
    • 0036513337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective in statements of quantity, with implications for consumer psychology
    • SANFORD, A. J., FAY, N., STEWART, A., & MOXEY, L. (2002). Perspective in statements of quantity, with implications for consumer psychology. Psychological Science, 13, 130-134.
    • (2002) Psychological Science , vol.13 , pp. 130-134
    • Sanford, A.J.1    Fay, N.2    Stewart, A.3    Moxey, L.4
  • 63
    • 0019062442 scopus 로고
    • A rule analysis of judgments of covariation between events
    • SHAKLEE, H., & TUCKER, D. (1980). A rule analysis of judgments of covariation between events. Memory & Cognition, 8, 459-467.
    • (1980) Memory & Cognition , vol.8 , pp. 459-467
    • Shaklee, H.1    Tucker, D.2
  • 67
    • 0000386764 scopus 로고
    • Seek and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people
    • E. T. Higgins, C. P. Heiman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • SNYDER, M. (1981). Seek and ye shall find: Testing hypotheses about other people. In E. T. Higgins, C. P. Heiman, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Social cognition: The Ontario symposium on personality and social psychology (pp. 277-303). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Social Cognition: The Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology , pp. 277-303
    • Snyder, M.1
  • 69
    • 0019392722 scopus 로고
    • The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice
    • TVERSKY, A., & KAHNEMAN, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 453-458
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 70
    • 0001371984 scopus 로고
    • Rational choice and the framing of decisions
    • TVERSKY, A., & KAHNEMAN, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. Journal of Business, 59, S251-S278.
    • (1986) Journal of Business , vol.59
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 71
    • 76549164941 scopus 로고
    • The display of information and the judgment of contingency
    • WARD, W. C., & JENKINS, H. M. (1965). The display of information and the judgment of contingency. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 19, 231-241.
    • (1965) Canadian Journal of Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 231-241
    • Ward, W.C.1    Jenkins, H.M.2
  • 72
    • 0000505675 scopus 로고
    • On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task
    • WASON, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129-140.
    • (1960) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 129-140
    • Wason, P.C.1
  • 74
    • 0002524695 scopus 로고
    • Framing of decisions and selections of alternatives in health care
    • WILSON, D. K., KAPLAN, R. M., & SCHNEIDERMAN, L. J. (1987). Framing of decisions and selections of alternatives in health care. Social Behaviour, 2, 51-59.
    • (1987) Social Behaviour , vol.2 , pp. 51-59
    • Wilson, D.K.1    Kaplan, R.M.2    Schneiderman, L.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.