Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 272-279

  Letourneau, Alyssa R ^a   Issa, Nicolas C ^a,b,c   Baden, Lindsey R ^a,b,c  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

biologic agents; bone marrow transplant; immunocompromised host; pneumonia; solid organ transplant

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; RITUXIMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BRONCHOSCOPY; BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA INFECTION; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INFECTIOUS PNEUMONIA; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; LUNG ASPERGILLOSIS; LUNG BIOPSY; LUNG MYCOSIS; LUNG NODULE; LUNG TUBERCULOSIS; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MORBIDITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA; VACCINATION; VIRUS PNEUMONIA; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; LUNG DISEASES, FUNGAL; MALE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PNEUMONIA; RISK ASSESSMENT;

BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; LUNG DISEASES, FUNGAL; MALE; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PNEUMONIA; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84897582707     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000051     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Kotloff RM, Ahya VN, Crawford SW. Pulmonary complications of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:22-48.
2. Fishman JA; AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Introduction: infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9 (Suppl 4):S3-S6.
3. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilatorassociated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388-416.
4. Tada K, Kurosawa S, Hiramoto N, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in hematopoietic SCT recipients: high mortality due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:74-79.
5. Shoham S, Shah PD. Impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patients considered for lung transplantation. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013; 27:343-358. Excellent review of epidemiology and management pre and postlung transplantation of multidrug-resistant organisms.
6. Aguilar-Guisado M, Givalda J, Ussetti P, et al. Pneumonia after lung transplantation in the RESITRA Cohort: a multicenter prospective study. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:1989-1996.
7. Bartlett JG, Breiman RF, Mandell LA, File TM Jr, The Infectious Diseases Society of America. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:811-838.
8. Hirsch HH, Martino R, Ward KN, et al. Fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4): guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:258-266.
9. Hammond SP, Gagne LS, Stock SR, et al. Respiratory virus detection in immunocompromised patients with FilmArray respiratory panel compared to conventional methods. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3216-3221.
10. Vallieres E, Renaud C. Clinical and economical impact of multiplex respiratory virus assays. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 76:255-261.
11. Jacobs SE, Soave R, Shore TB, et al. Human rhinovirus infections of the lower respiratory tract in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transplant Infect Dis 2013; 15:474-486.
12. Renaud C, Xie H, Seo S, et al. Mortality rates of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1220-1226.
13. Ostrowsky B, Huang A, Terry W, et al. Low pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N2) virus infection in immunocompromised adult, New York, USA, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:1128-1131.
14. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:407-416.
15. Gao HN, Lu HZ, Cao B, et al. Clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza A (H7N9) virus infection. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2277-2285.
16. Shah DP, Ghantoji SS, Shah JN, et al. Impact of aerosolized ribavirin on mortality in 280 allogeneic haematopoietic stemcell transplant recipients with respiratory syncytial virus infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1872-1880.
17. Avetisyan G, Mattsson J, Sparrelid E, Ljungman P. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in recipients of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a retrospective study of the incidence, clinical features, and outcome. Transplantation 2009; 88:1222-1226.
18. The IMpact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. Pediatrics 1998; 102:531-537.
19. Malley R, DeVincenzo J, Ramilo O, et al. Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in tracheal aspirates in intubated infants by use of humanized monoclonal antibody to RSV F protein. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1555-1561.
20. Guzman-Suarez BB, Buckley MW, Gilmore ET, et al. Clinical potential of DAS181 for treatment of parainfluenza-3 infections in transplant recipients. Transplant Infect Dis 2012; 14:427-433.
21. Hammond SP, Marty FM, Bryar JM, et al. Invasive fungal disease in patients treated for newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:695-699.
22. Pagano L, Caira M, Candoni A, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a SEIFEM-2008 registry study. Haematologica 2010; 95:644-650.
23. Kontoyiannis DP. Antifungal prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: the unfinished tale of imperfect success. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:165-173.
24. Garcia-Vidal C, Upton A, Kirby KA, Marr KA. Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: biological risk factors for infection according to time after transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1041-1050.
25. Mulanovich VE, Kontoyiannis DP. Fungal pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies: current approach and management. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:323-332.
26. Georgiadou SP, Sipsas NV, Marom EM, Kontoyiannis DP. The diagnostic value of halo and reversed halo signs for invasive mold infections in compromised hosts. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:1144-1155.
27. De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, et al. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1813-1821.
28. Kallenberg MH, Gill RR, Factor RE, et al. Diagnostic efficacy and safety of computed tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy in patients with hematologic malignancies. Acad Radiol 2009; 16:1408-1415.
29. Sharma SK, Kumar S, Singh AK, et al. Feasibility and outcome of CT-guided lung biopsy in patients with hematological diseases and suspected fungal pneumonia. J Infect Developing Countries 2013; 7:748-752.
30. Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:327-360.
31. Odabasi Z, Mattiuzzi G, Estey E, et al. Beta-D-glucan as a diagnostic adjunct for invasive fungal infections: validation, cutoff development, and performance in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:199-205.
32. Maertens J, Van Eldere J, Verhaegen J, et al. Use of circulating galactomannan screening for early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:1297-1306.
33. Pfeiffer CD, Fine JP, Safdar N. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis using a galactomannan assay: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1417-1427.
34. Lamoth F, Cruciani M, Mengoli C, et al. beta-Glucan antigenemia assay for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies from the Third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-3). Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:633-643.
35. Theel ES, Jespersen DJ, Iqbal S, et al. Detection of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in bronchoalveolar lavage and serum samples collected from immunocompromised hosts. Mycopathologia 2013; 175:33-41.
36. Guo YL, Chen YQ, Wang K, et al. Accuracy of BAL galactomannan in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis: a bivariate metaanalysis and systematic review. Chest 2010; 138:817-824.
37. Zou M, Tang L, Zhao S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of detecting galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43347.
38. Marr KA, Balajee SA, McLaughlin L, et al. Detection of galactomannan antigenemia by enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: variables that affect performance. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:641-649.
39. Harrison E, Stalhberger T, Whelan R, et al. Aspergillus DNA contamination in blood collection tubes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 67:392-394.
40. Baddley JW, Andes DR, Marr KA, et al. Antifungal therapy and length of hospitalization in transplant patients with invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2013; 51:128-135.
41. Marr KA, Boeckh M, Carter RA, et al. Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:797-802.
42. Baden LR, Katz JT, Fishman JA, et al. Salvage therapy with voriconazole for invasive fungal infections in patients failing or intolerant to standard antifungal therapy. Transplantation 2003; 76:1632-1637.
43. Caillot D, Couaillier JF, Bernard A, et al. Increasing volume and changing characteristics of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis on sequential thoracic computed tomography scans in patients with neutropenia. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:253-259.
44. Koo S, Bryar JM, Baden LR, Marty FM. Prognostic features of galactomannan antigenemia in galactomannan-positive invasive aspergillosis. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:1255-1260.
45. Koo S, Baden LR, Marty FM. Postdiagnostic kinetics of the (1!3)-beta-Dglucan assay in invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E122-E127.
46. Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ, et al. Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1091-1100.
47. Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:634-653.
48. Smith JA, Kauffman CA. Pulmonary fungal infections. Respirology 2012; 17:913-926.
49. Chamilos G, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Delaying amphotericin B-based frontline therapy significantly increases mortality among patients with hematologic malignancy who have zygomycosis. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:503-509.
50. Marty FM, Cosimi LA, Baden LR. Breakthrough zygomycosis after voriconazole treatment in recipients of hematopoietic stem-cell transplants. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:950-952.
51. Kenyon C, Bonorchis K, Corcoran C, et al. A dimorphic fungus causing disseminated infection in South Africa. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1416-1424.
52. Martin SI, Fishman JA; AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Pneumocystis pneumonia in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 (Suppl 4):272-279.
53. Hayashi H, Saito Y, Kokuho N, et al. Fatal pneumonia associated with temozolomide therapy in patients with malignant glioma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:632-636.
54. Schwarzberg AB, Stover EH, Sengupta T, et al. Selective lymphopenia and opportunistic infections in neuroendocrine tumor patients receiving temozolomide. Cancer Investig 2007; 25:249-255.
55. Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Seymour JF, et al. Late-onset Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia postfludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab: implications for prophylaxis. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:157-163.
56. Marty FM, Koo S, Bryar J, Baden LR. (1!3)beta-D-glucan assay positivity in patients with Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147:70-72.
57. Karageorgopoulos DE, Qu JM, Korbila IP, et al. Accuracy of beta-D-glucan for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:39-49.
58. Gea-Banacloche J, Masur H, Arns da Cunha C, et al. Regionally limited or rare infections: prevention after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2009; 44:489-494.
59. Gordon SM, LaRosa SP, Kalmadi S, et al. Should prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients ever be discontinued? Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28:240-246.
60. Leung JM, Olivier KN. Nontuberculous mycobacteria: the changing epidemiology and treatment challenges in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2013; 19:662-669.
61. Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, et al. An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:367-416.
62. Martin-Garrido I, Carmona EM, Specks U, Limper AH. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab. Chest 2013; 144:258-265.
63. Roach DR, Bean AG, Demangel C, et al. TNF regulates chemokine induction essential for cell recruitment, granuloma formation, and clearance of mycobacterial infection. J Immunol 2002; 168:4620-4627.
64. Koo S, Marty FM, Baden LR. Infectious complications associated with immunomodulating biologic agents. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:117-138.
65. Mariette X, Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Combe B. Registries in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases: data from the French registries. Rheumatology 2011; 50:222-229.
66. Wallis RS, Broder MS, Wong JY, et al. Granulomatous infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1261-1265.
67. Tsiodras S, Samonis G, Boumpas DT, Kontoyiannis DP. Fungal infections complicating tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83:181-194.
68. Wallis RS, Broder M, Wong J, Beenhouwer D. Granulomatous infections due to tumor necrosis factor blockade: correction. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1254-1255.
69. Wallis RS, Schluger NW. Pulmonary infectious complications of tumor necrosis factor blockade. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2010; 24:681-692.
70. DixonWG, Watson K, LuntM, et al. Rates of serious infection, including sitespecific and bacterial intracellular infection, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:2368-2376.
71. Winthrop KL, Yamashita S, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network. Mycobacterial and other serious infections in patients receiving antitumor necrosis factor and other newly approved biologic therapies: case finding through the Emerging Infections Network. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:1738-1740.
72. Kaur N, Mahl TC. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia after infliximab therapy: a review of 84 cases. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:1481-1484.
73. Harigai M, Koike R, Miyasaka N, Pneumocystis Pneumonia under Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Study Group. Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with infliximab in Japan. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1874-1876.
74. Martin SI, Marty FM, Fiumara K, et al. Infectious complications associated with alemtuzumab use for lymphoproliferative disorders. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:16-24.
75. Chakrabarti S, Avivi I, Mackinnon S, et al. Respiratory virus infections in transplant recipients after reduced-intensity conditioning with Campath-1H: high incidence but low mortality. Br J Haematol 2002; 119:1125-1132.
76. Issa NC, Baden LR. Current issues in vaccines for adult patients with hematologic malignancies. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 2012; 10:1447-1454.
77. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 58:e44-e100.
78. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notes from the field: severe varicella in an immunocompromised child exposed to an unvaccinated sibling with varicella-Minnesota, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61:541.