Assessing a commercially available sports drink on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, fluid delivery and sustained exercise performance

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Roberts, Justin D ^a   Tarpey, Michael D ^a   Kass, Lindsy S ^a   Tarpey, Richard J ^a   Roberts, Michael G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation; Fluid delivery; Fructose; Maltodextrin; Performance

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897575867     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15502783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-8     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition 2004, 20:669-677. 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017, 15212750.
2. Bosch AN, Dennis SC, Noakes TD. Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 1994, 76(6):2364-2372.
3. Coggan AR, Coyle EF. Reversal of fatigue during prolonged exercise by carbohydrate infusion or ingestion. J Appl Physiol 1987, 63(6):2388-2395.
4. Jeukendrup AE. Multiple transportable carbohydrates and their benefits. Sports Sci Exchange 2013, 26(108):1-5.
5. Jentjens RLPG, Moseley L, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004, 96(4):1277-1284. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2003, 14657042.
6. Jentjens RLPG, Shaw C, Birtles T, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and sucrose during exercise. Metab Clin Exp 2005, 54:610-618. 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.12.004, 15877291.
7. Jentjens RLPG, Jeukendrup AE. High rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise. Br J Nutr 2005, 93(4):485-492. 10.1079/BJN20041368, 15946410.
8. Jentjens RLPG, Underwood K, Achten J, Currell K, Mann CH, Jeukendrup AE. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates are elevated following combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 2006, 100(3):807-816.
9. Hulston CJ, Wallis GA, Jeukendrup AE. Exogenous CHO oxidation with glucose plus fructose intake during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009, 41(2):357-363. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181857ee6, 19127189.
10. Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, Randell R, Pottgen K, Res P, Jeukendrup AE. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012, 44(2):344-351. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822dc809, 21775906.
11. Wallis GA, Rowlands DS, Shaw C, Jentjens RLPG, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005, 37(3):426-432. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000155399.23358.82, 15741841.
12. O'Brien WJ, Rowlands DS. Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011, 300:G181-G189. 10.1152/ajpgi.00419.2010, 21071509.
13. Davis JM, Burgess WA, Slentz CA, Bartoli WP. Fluid availability and sports drinks differing in carbohydrate type and concentration. Am J Clin Nutr 1990, 51:1054-1057.
14. Jeukendrup AE, Currell K, Clarke J, Cole J, Blannin AK. Effect of beverage glucose and sodium content on fluid delivery. Nutr & Metabol 2009, 6(9):1-7.
15. Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate and exercise performance: the role of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Cur Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010, 13(4):452-457.
16. Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L. Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery. Scan J Med Sci Sports 2010, 20(1):112-121.
17. Rowlands DS, Bonetti DL, Hopkins WG. Unilateral fluid absorption and effects on peak power after ingestion of commercially available hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic sports drinks. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2011, 21(6):480-491.
18. Rollo I, Williams C. Influence of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution before and during a 1-hr running performance test. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009, 19:645-658.
19. El-sayed MS, Balmer J, Rattu AJM. Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1 h simulated cycling time trial. J Sports Sci 1997, 15:223-230. 10.1080/026404197367506, 9258853.
20. Coggan AR, Coyle EF. Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: effects on metabolism and performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1991, 19:1-40.
21. Ali A, Williams C, Nicholas CW, Foskett A. The influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion on soccer skill performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007, 39(11):1969-1976. 10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb3e3, 17986904.
22. Currell K, Jeukendrup AE. Superior endurance performance with ingestion of multiple transportable carbohydrates. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008, 40(2):275-281. 10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19, 18202575.
23. Triplett D, Doyle JA, Rupp JC, Benardot D. An isocaloric glucose-fructose beverages effect on simulated 100-km cycling performance compared with a glucose-only beverage. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2010, 20(2):122-131.
24. Rowlands DS, Swift M, Ros M, Green JG. Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012, 37:425-436. 10.1139/h2012-013, 22468766.
25. Colombani PC, Mannhart C, Mettler S. Carbohydrates and exercise performance in nonfasted athletes: a systematic review of studies mimicking real-life. Nutrition J 2013, 12:1-6.
26. Coletta A, Thompson DL, Raynor HA. The influence of commercially-available carbohydrate and carbohydrate-protein supplements on endurance running performance in recreational athletes during a field trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013, 10(17):1-7. 3538552, 23281794.
27. Cohen D. The truth about sports drinks. BMJ 2012, 345:e4737. 1-8, 10.1136/bmj.e4737, 22810386.
28. Thompson M, Heneghan C, Cohen D. How valid is the European food safety authority's assessment of sports drinks?. BMJ 2012, 345:e4753. 1-6, 10.1136/bmj.e4753, 22810387.
29. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Meth 2007, 39(2):175-191.
30. Borg G. Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short term cycle exercise and their use in a new strength test. Int J Sports Med 1982, 3(3):153-158. 10.1055/s-2008-1026080, 7129724.
31. Jeukendrup AE, Vet-Joop K, Sturk A, Stegen JHJC, Senden J, Saris WHM, Wagenmakers AJM. Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long-distance triathlon in highly trained men. Clin Sci 2000, 98:47-55. 10.1042/CS19990258, 10600658.
32. Péronnet F, Massicotte D. Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can J Sport Sci 1991, 16(1):23-29.
33. Pirnay F, Lacroix M, Mosora F. Glucose oxidation during prolonged exercise evaluated with naturally labeled [13C] glucose. J Appl Physiol Resp Environ & Exerc Physiol 1977, 43(2):258-261.
34. Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 1957, 12:133-149.
35. Roberts JJ, Koziet J, Chauvet D, Darmaun D, Desjeux JF, Young VR. Use of 13C-labeled glucose for estimating glucose oxidation: some design considerations. J Appl Physiol 1987, 63(5):1725-1732.
36. Pallikarakis N, Sphiris N, Lefebvre P. Influence of the bicarbonate pool on the occurrence of 13CO2 in exhaled air. Eur J Appl Physiol 1991, 63(3-4):179-183.
37. Below PR, Mora-Rodriguez R, Gonzalez-Alonso J, Coyle EF. Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995, 27(2):200-210.
38. Rehrer NJ. Fluid and electrolyte balance in ultra-endurance sport. Sports Med 2001, 31(10):701-715. 10.2165/00007256-200131100-00001, 11547892.
39. Stellingwerff R, Boon H, Gijsen AP, Stegen JHCH, Kuipers H, van Loon LJC. Carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged cycling spares muscle glycogen but does not affect intramyocellular lipid use. Eur J Physiol 2007, 454:635-647.
40. Cox GR, Clark SA, Cox AJ, Halson SL, Hargreaves M, Hawley JA, Jeacocke N, Snow RJ, Yeo WK, Burke LM. Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling. J Appl Physiol 2010, 109:126-134. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2009, 20466803.
41. Rowlands DS, Johnson NA, Thomson JA, Chapman P, Stannard SR. Exogenous glucose oxidation is reduced with carbohydrate feeding during exercise after starvation. Metab Clin Exp 2009, 58:1161-1169. 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.016, 19428033.
42. Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L, Mainwaring GI, Samuels S, Perry S, Mann CH. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 2006, 100:1134-1141.
43. Smith JW, Zachwieja JJ, Peronnet F, Passe DH, Massicotte D, Lavoie C, Pascoe DD. Fuel selection and cycling endurance performance with ingestion of [13C] glucose: evidence for a carbohydrate dose response. J Appl Physiol 2010, 108:1520-1529. 10.1152/japplphysiol.91394.2008, 20299609.
44. Langenfeld ME, Seifert JG, Rudge SR, Bucher RJ. Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on performance of non-fasted cyclists during a simulated 80-mile time trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1994, 34(3):263-270.
45. Madsen K, Maclean DA, Kiens B, Christensen D. Effects of glucose, glucose plus branched-chain amino acids, or placebo on bike performance over 100 km. J Appl Physiol 1996, 81(6):2644-2650.
46. Angus DJ, Hargreaves M, Dancey J, Febbraio MA. Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on cycling time trial performance. J Appl Physiol 2000, 88(1):113-119.