Prostate cell lines as models for biomarker discovery: Performance of current markers and the search for new biomarkers

Prostate

Volumn 74, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 547-560

  Johnson, Ian R ^a   Parkinson Lawrence, Emma J ^a   Butler, Lisa M ^b   Brooks, Doug A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

endosomes; lysosomes; prostate cancer biomarkers; prostate cancer cell lines; viral transformation

Indexed keywords

ENDOSOMES; LYSOSOMES; PROSTATE CANCER BIOMARKERS; PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINES; VIRAL TRANSFORMATION;

CELL LINE, TUMOR; HUMANS; KALLIKREINS; MALE; PROSTATE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84894227431     PISSN: 02704137     EISSN: 10970045     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pros.22777     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. AIHW. Cancer in Australia: An overview 2012. Cancer series no. 74. Cat. no. CAN 70. Canberra, Australia: AIHW; 2012. 216 p.
2. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A,. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63 (1): 11-30.
3. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D,. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61 (2): 69-90.
4. De Nunzio C, Kramer G, Marberger M, Montironi R, Nelson W, Schroder F, Sciarra A, Tubaro A,. The controversial relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: The role of inflammation. Eur Urol 2011; 60 (1): 106-117.
5. Tarhan F, Orçun A, Küçükercan I, Çamursoy N, Kuyumcuoglu U,. Effect of prostatic massage on serum complexed prostate-specific antigen levels. Urology 2005; 66 (6): 1234-1238. (Pubitemid 41797297)
6. Lucia MS, Darke AK, Goodman PJ, La Rosa FG, Parnes HL, Ford LG, Coltman CA Jr, Thompson IM,. Pathologic characteristics of cancers detected in The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: Implications for prostate cancer detection and chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2008; 1 (3): 167-173.
7. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Ford LG, Lippman SM, Crawford ED, Crowley JJ, Coltman CA Jr., Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (22): 2239-2246.
8. Grubb RL III, Pinsky PF, Greenlee RT, Izmirlian G, Miller AB, Hickey TP, Riley TL, Mabie JE, Levin DL, Chia D, Kramer BS, Reding DJ, Church TR, Yokochi LA, Kvale PA, Weissfeld JL, Urban DA, Buys SS, Gelmann EP, Ragard LR, Crawford ED, Prorok PC, Gohagan JK, Berg CD, Andriole GL,. Prostate cancer screening in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trial: Update on findings from the initial four rounds of screening in a randomized trial. BJU Int 2008; 102 (11): 1524-1530.
9. Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M, Denis LJ, Recker F, Berenguer A, Maattanen L, Bangma CH, Aus G, Villers A, Rebillard X, van der Kwast T, Blijenberg BG, Moss SM, de Koning HJ, Auvinen A,. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med 2009; 360 (13): 1320-1328.
10. Etzioni R, Penson DF, Legler JM, di Tommaso D, Boer R, Gann PH, Feuer EJ,. Overdiagnosis due to prostate-specific antigen screening: Lessons from U.S. prostate cancer incidence trends. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94 (13): 981-990. (Pubitemid 34814727)
11. Sandhu GS, Andriole GL,. Overdiagnosis of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2012; 2012 (45): 146-151.
12. Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Klotz L,. Active surveillance for prostate cancer: Progress and promise. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29 (27): 3669-3676.
13. Tosoian JJ, Trock BJ, Landis P, Feng Z, Epstein JI, Partin AW, Walsh PC, Carter HB,. Active surveillance program for prostate cancer: An update of the Johns Hopkins experience. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29 (16): 2185-2190.
14. Moyer VA,. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157 (2): 120-134.
15. Fradet Y,. Biomarkers in prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis: Beyond prostate-specific antigen. Curr Opin Urol 2009; 19 (3): 243-246.
16. Zheng SL, Sun J, Wiklund F, Smith S, Stattin P, Li G, Adami HO, Hsu FC, Zhu Y, Balter K, Kader AK, Turner AR, Liu W, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Duggan D, Carpten JD, Chang BL, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Gronberg H,. Cumulative association of five genetic variants with prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (9): 910-919. (Pubitemid 351397090)
17. Fiorentino M, Capizzi E, Loda M,. Blood and tissue biomarkers in prostate cancer: State of the art. Urol Clin North Am 2010; 37 (1): 131-141, Table of Contents.
18. Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention (EGAPP) Working Group. Recommendations from the EGAPP Working Group: Does PCA3 testing for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer improve patient health outcomes ? Genet Med 2013; Advance online publication September 2013.
19. Yao Y, Wang H, Li B, Tang Y,. Evaluation of the TMPRSS2: ERG fusion for the detection of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; Advance online publication. October 2013.
20. Ploussard G, de la Taille A,. Urine biomarkers in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2010; 7 (2): 101-109.
21. Hessels D, Smit FP, Verhaegh GW, Witjes JA, Cornel EB, Schalken JA,. Detection of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts and prostate cancer antigen 3 in urinary sediments may improve diagnosis of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13 (17): 5103-5108. (Pubitemid 47502077)
22. Duijvesz D, Luider T, Bangma CH, Jenster G,. Exosomes as biomarker treasure chests for prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2011; 59 (5): 823-831.
23. Recklies AD, Tiltman KJ, Stoker TAM, Poole AR,. Secretion of proteinases from malignant and nonmalignant human breast tissue. Cancer Res 1980; 40 (3): 550-556. (Pubitemid 10174866)
24. Sloane BF, Honn KV, Sadler JG, Turner WA, Kimpson JJ, Taylor JD,. Cathepsin B activity in B16 melanoma cells: A possible marker for metastatic potential. Cancer Res 1982; 42 (3): 980-986. (Pubitemid 12141206)
25. Sinha AA, Jamuar MP, Wilson MJ, Rozhin J, Sloane BF,. Plasma membrane association of cathepsin B in human prostate cancer: Biochemical and immunogold electron microscopic analysis. Prostate 2001; 49 (3): 172-184. (Pubitemid 33062614)
26. Troy AM, Sheahan K, Mulcahy HE, Duffy MJ, Hyland JMP, O'Donoghue DP,. Expression of Cathepsin B and L antigen and activity is associated with early colorectal cancer progression. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40 (10): 1610-1616. (Pubitemid 38757752)
27. Daja MM, Aghmesheh M, Ow KT, Rohde PR, Barrow KD, Russell PJ,. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in semen: A marker for early detection of prostate cancer ? Mol Urol 2000; 4 (4): 421-427.
28. Otite U, Baithun S, Chinegwundoh F, Nargund VH, Iles RK,. Detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin-beta in serum or urine of prostate cancer patients is of no clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2006; 27 (4): 181-186.
29. Falsaperla M, Morgia G, Giammusso B, Condorelli SV, Saita A, Marchese F, Spampinato A, Motta M,. Role of Ca15-3 in patients with biochemically suspected prostate cancer and multiple negative ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2003; 6 (1): 45-49. (Pubitemid 36432619)
30. Sella A, Konichezky M, Flex D, Sulkes A, Baniel J,. Low PSA metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2000; 38 (3): 250-254. (Pubitemid 30665949)
31. Sturgeon CM, Duffy MJ, Stenman UH, Lilja H, Brunner N, Chan DW, Babaian R, Bast RC Jr, Dowell B, Esteva FJ, Haglund C, Harbeck N, Hayes DF, Holten-Andersen M, Klee GG, Lamerz R, Looijenga LH, Molina R, Nielsen HJ, Rittenhouse H, Semjonow A, Shih Ie M, Sibley P, Soletormos G, Stephan C, Sokoll L, Hoffman BR, Diamandis EP,. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines for use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. Clin Chem 2008; 54 (12): e11-e79. (Pubitemid 352777353)
32. Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M, Denis LJ, Recker F, Paez A, Maattanen L, Bangma CH, Aus G, Carlsson S, Villers A, Rebillard X, van der Kwast T, Kujala PM, Blijenberg BG, Stenman UH, Huber A, Taari K, Hakama M, Moss SM, de Koning HJ, Auvinen A,. Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (11): 981-990.
33. Pienta KJ, Abate-Shen C, Agus DB, Attar RM, Chung LW, Greenberg NM, Hahn WC, Isaacs JT, Navone NM, Peehl DM, Simons JW, Solit DB, Soule HR, VanDyke TA, Weber MJ, Wu L, Vessella RL,. The current state of preclinical prostate cancer animal models. Prostate 2008; 68 (6): 629-639. (Pubitemid 351614641)
34. Moro L, Arbini AA, Marra E, Greco M,. Constitutive activation of MAPK/ERK inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation through upregulation of BRCA2. Int J Oncol 2007; 30 (1): 217-224.
35. Gao Y, Chachadi VB, Cheng PW, Brockhausen I,. Glycosylation potential of human prostate cancer cell lines. Glycoconj J 2012; 29 (7): 525-537.
36. Colella R, Goodwyn E, Gopal P,. Increased cell density decreases cysteine proteinase inhibitor activity and increases invasive ability of two prostate tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 2002; 185 (2): 163-172.
37. Sardana G, Jung K, Stephan C, Diamandis EP,. Proteomic analysis of conditioned media from the PC3, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines: Discovery and validation of candidate prostate cancer biomarkers. J Proteome Res 2008; 7 (8): 3329-3338.
38. Sardana G, Marshall J, Diamandis EP,. Discovery of candidate tumor markers for prostate cancer via proteomic analysis of cell culture-conditioned medium. Clin Chem 2007; 53 (3): 429-437. (Pubitemid 46447939)
39. O'Connell K, Prencipe M, O'Neill A, Corcoran C, Rani S, Henry M, Dowling P, Meleady P, O'Driscoll L, Watson W, O'Connor R,. The use of LC-MS to identify differentially expressed proteins in docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Proteomics 2012; 12 (13): 2115-2126.
40. Sobel RE, Sadar MD,. Cell lines used in prostate cancer research: A compendium of old and new lines-Part 1. J Urol 2005; 173 (2): 342-359.
41. Sobel RE, Sadar MD,. Cell lines used in prostate cancer research: A compendium of old and new lines-Part 2. J Urol 2005; 173 (2): 360-372.
42. van Bokhoven A, Varella-Garcia M, Korch C, Johannes WU, Smith EE, Miller HL, Nordeen SK, Miller GJ, Lucia MS,. Molecular characterization of human prostate carcinoma cell lines. Prostate 2003; 57 (3): 205-225. (Pubitemid 37267805)
43. Webber MM, Bello D, Quader S,. Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: Characteristics and applications. Part I. Cell markers and immortalized nontumorigenic cell lines. Prostate 1996; 29 (6): 386-394. (Pubitemid 27014354)
44. Webber MM, Bello D, Quader S,. Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: Characteristics and applications. Part 3. Oncogenes, suppressor genes, and applications. Prostate 1997; 30 (2): 136-142. (Pubitemid 27088122)
45. Webber MM, Bello D, Quader S,. Immortalized and tumorigenic adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines: Characteristics and applications Part 2. Tumorigenic cell lines. Prostate 1997; 30 (1): 58-64. (Pubitemid 27053542)
46. Aughey E, Scott R, McLaughlin I,. Fine structural changes in rat prostate 5 months after the experimental introduction of 20-methylcholanthrene. Br J Urol 1974; 46 (5): 561-568.
47. Fischer DR, Gevers W, Klerk JN, Kuhn S,. The histochemical behaviour, electrophoretic mobility and distribution in cell fractions of acid phosphatase isozymes in prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol 1979; 11 (2): 111-118. (Pubitemid 9186099)
48. Henneberry MO, Engel G, Grayhack JT,. Acid phosphatase. Urol Clin North Am 1979; 6 (3): 629-641. (Pubitemid 10206907)
49. Sinowatz F, Weber P, Gasser G, Mossig H, Skolek-Winnisch R,. A histochemical study of glycosidases in benign prostatic hyperplasia and in prostatic carcinoma in the human. Urol Res 1978; 6 (2): 103-107. (Pubitemid 8326080)
50. Seelan RS, Qian C, Yokomizo A, Bostwick DG, Smith DI, Liu W,. Human acid ceramidase is overexpressed but not mutated in prostate cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 29 (2): 137-146.
51. Liu X, Cheng JC, Turner LS, Elojeimy S, Beckham TH, Bielawska A, Keane TE, Hannun YA, Norris JS,. Acid ceramidase upregulation in prostate cancer: Role in tumor development and implications for therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13 (12): 1449-1458.
52. Mahdy AE, Cheng JC, Li J, Elojeimy S, Meacham WD, Turner LS, Bai A, Gault CR, McPherson AS, Garcia N, Beckham TH, Saad A, Bielawska A, Bielawski J, Hannun YA, Keane TE, Taha MI, Hammouda HM, Norris JS, Liu X,. Acid ceramidase upregulation in prostate cancer cells confers resistance to radiation: AC inhibition, a potential radiosensitizer. Mol Ther 2009; 17 (3): 430-438.
53. Sinha AA, Wilson MJ, Gleason DF, Reddy PK, Sameni M, Sloane BF,. Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin B in neoplastic human prostate. Prostate 1995; 26 (4): 171-178.
54. Eskelinen E-L, Tanaka Y, Saftig P,. At the acidic edge: Emerging functions for lysosomal membrane proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2003; 13 (3): 137-145. (Pubitemid 36293786)
55. Kuronita T, Eskelinen EL, Fujita H, Saftig P, Himeno M, Tanaka Y,. A role for the lysosomal membrane protein LGP85 in the biogenesis and maintenance of endosomal and lysosomal morphology. J Cell Sci 2002; 115 (Pt 21): 4117-4131. (Pubitemid 35446808)
56. Saftig P, Klumperman J,. Lysosome biogenesis and lysosomal membrane proteins: Trafficking meets function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2009; 10 (9): 623-635.
57. Capes-Davis A, Theodosopoulos G, Atkin I, Drexler HG, Kohara A, MacLeod RA, Masters JR, Nakamura Y, Reid YA, Reddel RR, Freshney RI,. Check your cultures! A list of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines. Int J Cancer 2010; 127 (1): 1-8.
58. Cukierman E, Pankov R, Stevens DR, Yamada KM,. Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension. Science 2001; 294 (5547): 1708-1712. (Pubitemid 33104840)
59. Bunting PS,. A guide to the interpretation of serum prostate specific antigen levels. Clin Biochem 1995; 28 (3): 221-241.
60. Nadler RB, Humphrey PA, Smith DS, Catalona WJ, Ratliff TL,. Effect of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on elevated serum prostate specific antigen levels. J Urol 1995; 154 (2): 407-413.
61. Luke MC, Coffey DS,. Human androgen receptor binding to the androgen response element of prostate specific antigen. J Androl 1994; 15 (1): 41-51. (Pubitemid 24061785)
62. Heinlein CA, Chang C,. Androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Endocr Rev 2004; 25 (2): 276-308. (Pubitemid 38501396)
63. Murtha P, Tindall DJ, Young CY,. Androgen induction of a human prostate-specific kallikrein, hKLK2: Characterization of an androgen response element in the 5' promoter region of the gene. Biochemistry 1993; 32 (25): 6459-6464. (Pubitemid 23208830)
64. Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA,. Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4. J Biol Chem 1999; 274 (33): 23210-23214.
65. Yousef GM, Scorilas A, Magklara A, Memari N, Ponzone R, Sismondi P, Biglia N, Abd Ellatif M, Diamandis EP,. The androgen-regulated gene human kallikrein 15 (KLK15) is an independent and favourable prognostic marker for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87 (11): 1294-1300. (Pubitemid 36009136)
66. Young CY, Andrews PE, Tindall DJ,. Expression and androgenic regulation of human prostate-specific kallikreins. J Androl 1995; 16 (2): 97-99.
67. Dehm SM, Schmidt LJ, Heemers HV, Vessella RL, Tindall DJ,. Splicing of a novel androgen receptor exon generates a constitutively active androgen receptor that mediates prostate cancer therapy resistance. Cancer Res 2008; 68 (13): 5469-5477.
68. Guo Z, Yang X, Sun F, Jiang R, Linn DE, Chen H, Chen H, Kong X, Melamed J, Tepper CG, Kung HJ, Brodie AM, Edwards J, Qiu Y,. A novel androgen receptor splice variant is up-regulated during prostate cancer progression and promotes androgen depletion-resistant growth. Cancer Res 2009; 69 (6): 2305-2313.
69. Basu S, Tindall DJ,. Androgen action in prostate cancer. Horm Cancer 2010; 1 (5): 223-228.
70. Qiu YQ, Leuschner I, Braun PM,. Androgen receptor expression in clinically localized prostate cancer: Immunohistochemistry study and literature review. Asian J Androl 2008; 10 (6): 855-863.
71. Veeramani S, Yuan T-C, Chen S-J, Lin F-F, Petersen JE, Shaheduzzaman S, Srivastava S, MacDonald RG, Lin M-F,. Cellular prostatic acid phosphatase: A protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in androgen-independent proliferation of prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12 (4): 805-822. (Pubitemid 41815777)
72. Bello D, Webber MM, Kleinman HK, Wartinger DD, Rhim JS,. Androgen responsive adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines immortalized by human papillomavirus 18. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18 (6): 1215-1223. (Pubitemid 28132513)
73. Weijerman PC, Konig JJ, Wong ST, Niesters HG, Peehl DM,. Lipofection-mediated immortalization of human prostatic epithelial cells of normal and malignant origin using human papillomavirus type 18 DNA. Cancer Res 1994; 54 (21): 5579-5583. (Pubitemid 24346250)
74. Jones DL, Munger K,. Analysis of the p53-mediated G1 growth arrest pathway in cells expressing the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. J Virol 1997; 71 (4): 2905-2912. (Pubitemid 27119932)
75. Seavey SE, Holubar M, Saucedo LJ, Perry ME,. The E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 stabilizes p53 through a mechanism independent of p19(ARF). J Virol 1999; 73 (9): 7590-7598. (Pubitemid 29383243)
76. Yuan XM, Li W, Dalen H, Lotem J, Kama R, Sachs L, Brunk UT,. Lysosomal destabilization in p53-induced apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99 (9): 6286-6291. (Pubitemid 34493304)
77. Sardiello M, Palmieri M, di Ronza A, Medina DL, Valenza M, Gennarino VA, Di Malta C, Donaudy F, Embrione V, Polishchuk RS, Banfi S, Parenti G, Cattaneo E, Ballabio A,. A gene network regulating lysosomal biogenesis and function. Science 2009; 325 (5939): 473-477.
78. Tiemann F, Deppert W,. Stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53 during cellular transformation by simian virus 40: Influence of viral and cellular factors and biological consequences. J Virol 1994; 68 (5): 2869-2878. (Pubitemid 24129734)
79. Nomura T, Katunuma N,. Involvement of cathepsins in the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells. J Med Invest 2005; 52 (1-2): 1-9.
80. Steffan JJ, Cardelli JA,. Thiazolidinediones induce Rab7-RILP-MAPK- dependent juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation and reduce tumor cell invasion. Traffic 2010; 11 (2): 274-286.
81. Nicotra G, Castino R, Follo C, Peracchio C, Valente G, Isidoro C,. The dilemma: Does tissue expression of cathepsin D reflect tumor malignancy? The question: Does the assay truly mirror cathepsin D mis-function in the tumor ? Cancer Biomark 2010; 7 (1): 47-64.
82. Isidoro C, Baccino FM, Hasilik A,. Mis-sorting of procathepsin D in metastogenic tumor cells is not due to impaired synthesis of the phosphomannosyl signal. Int J Cancer 1997; 70 (5): 561-566. (Pubitemid 27149641)
83. Waghray A, Keppler D, Sloane BF, Schuger L, Chen YQ,. Analysis of a truncated form of cathepsin h in human prostate tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277 (13): 11533-11538. (Pubitemid 34952924)
84. Rijnboutt S, Kal AJ, Geuze HJ, Aerts H, Strous GJ,. Mannose 6-phosphate-independent targeting of cathepsin D to lysosomes in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 1991; 266 (35): 23586-23592. (Pubitemid 21908837)
85. Canuel M, Korkidakis A, Konnyu K, Morales CR,. Sortilin mediates the lysosomal targeting of cathepsins D and H. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 373 (2): 292-297.
86. Coutinho MF, Prata MJ, Alves S,. A shortcut to the lysosome: The mannose-6-phosphate-independent pathway. Mol Genet Metab 2012. 107 (3): 257-266.
87. Capony F, Rougeot C, Montcourrier P, Cavailles V, Salazar G, Rochefort H,. Increased secretion, altered processing, and glycosylation of pro-cathepsin D in human mammary cancer cells. Cancer Res 1989; 49 (14): 3904-3909. (Pubitemid 19197419)
88. Moro L, Perlino E, Marra E, Languino LR, Greco M,. Regulation of {beta}1C and {beta}1A integrin expression in prostate carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279 (3): 1692-1702. (Pubitemid 38084436)
89. Grimsey N, Soto AG, Trejo J,. Regulation of protease-activated receptor signaling by post-translational modifications. IUBMB Life 2011; 63 (6): 403-411.
90. Shi X, Gangadharan B, Brass LF, Ruf W, Mueller BM,. Protease-activated receptors (PAR1 and PAR2) contribute to tumor cell motility and metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2004; 2 (7): 395-402. (Pubitemid 39031073)
91. Michaeli Y, Sinik K, Haus-Cohen M, Reiter Y,. Melanoma cells present high levels of HLA-A2-tyrosinase in association with instability and aberrant intracellular processing of tyrosinase. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42 (4): 842-850.
92. Authier F, Metioui M, Bell AW, Mort JS,. Negative regulation of epidermal growth factor signaling by selective proteolytic mechanisms in the endosome mediated by cathepsin B. J Biol Chem 1999; 274 (47): 33723-33731. (Pubitemid 129511688)
93. Authier F, Kouach M, Briand G,. Endosomal proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor-I at its C-terminal D-domain by cathepsin B. FEBS Lett 2005; 579 (20): 4309-4316. (Pubitemid 41116357)
94. Zaidi N, Maurer A, Nieke S, Kalbacher H,. Cathepsin D: A cellular roadmap. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376 (1): 5-9.
95. Ferlinz K, Kopal G, Bernardo K, Linke T, Bar J, Breiden B, Neumann U, Lang F, Schuchman EH, Sandhoff K,. Human acid ceramidase. processing, glycosylation and lysosomal targeting. J Biol Chem 2001; 276 (38): 35352-35360.
96. Trajkovic K, Hsu C, Chiantia S, Rajendran L, Wenzel D, Wieland F, Schwille P, Brugger B, Simons M,. Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes. Science 2008; 319 (5867): 1244-1247. (Pubitemid 351323020)
97. Zeidan YH, Jenkins RW, Korman JB, Xiang L, Obeid LM, Norris JS, Hannun YA,. Molecular targeting of acid ceramidase: Implications to cancer therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2008; 9 (8): 653-661.
98. Zhau HE, He H, Wang CY, Zayzafoon M, Morrissey C, Vessella RL, Marshall FF, Chung LW, Wang R,. Human prostate cancer harbors the stem cell properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17 (8): 2159-2169.
99. Harma V, Virtanen J, Makela R, Happonen A, Mpindi JP, Knuuttila M, Kohonen P, Lotjonen J, Kallioniemi O, Nees M,. A comprehensive panel of three-dimensional models for studies of prostate cancer growth, invasion and drug responses. PLoS ONE 2010; 5 (5): e10431.