Resting-state functional connectivity MRI reveals active processes central to cognition

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 233-245

  Stevens, W Dale ^a   Spreng, R Nathan ^b  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893809656     PISSN: 19395078     EISSN: 19395086     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1275     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:700-711.
2. Biswal B, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med 1995, 34:537-541.
3. Damoiseaux JS, Rombouts SA, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Smith SM, Beckmann CF. Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:13848-13853.
4. Fox MD, Corbetta M, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle ME. Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:10046-10051.
5. Greicius MD, Krasnow B, Reiss AL, Menon V. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100:253-258.
6. Hampson M, Olson IR, Leung HC, Skudlarski P, Gore JC. Changes in functional connectivity of human MT/V5 with visual motion input. Neuroreport 2004, 15:1315-1319.
7. Smith SM, Fox PT, Miller KL, Glahn DC, Fox PM, Mackay CE, Filippini N, Watkins KE, Toro R, Laird AR, et al. Correspondence of the brain's functional architecture during activation and rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:13040-13045.
8. Spreng RN, Stevens WD, Chamberlain JP, Gilmore AW, Schacter DL. Default network activity, coupled with the frontoparietal control network, supports goal-directed cognition. Neuroimage 2010, 53:303-317.
9. Vincent JL, Kahn I, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Buckner RL. Evidence for a frontoparietal control system revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2008, 100:3328-3342.
10. Fair DA, Schlaggar BL, Cohen AL, Miezin FM, Dosenbach NU, Wenger KK, Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Petersen SE. A method for using blocked and event-related fMRI data to study "resting state" functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2007, 35:396-405.
11. Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Corbetta M, Van Essen DC, Raichle ME. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:9673-9678.
12. Arfanakis K, Cordes D, Haughton VM, Moritz CH, Quigley MA, Meyerand ME. Combining independent component analysis and correlation analysis to probe interregional connectivity in fMRI task activation datasets. Magn Reson Imaging 2000, 18:921-930.
13. Buckner RL, Sepulcre J, Talukdar T, Krienen FM, Liu H, Hedden T, Andrews-Hanna JR, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2009, 29:1860-1873.
14. Fransson P. How default is the default mode of brain function? Further evidence from intrinsic BOLD signal fluctuations. Neuropsychologia 2006, 44:2836-2845.
15. Greicius MD, Srivastava G, Reiss AL, Menon V. Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:4637-4642.
16. Dang-Vu TT, Schabus M, Desseilles M, Albouy G, Boly M, Darsaud A, Gais S, Rauchs G, Sterpenich V, Vandewalle G, et al. Spontaneous neural activity during human slow wave sleep. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:15160-15165.
17. Fukunaga M, Horovitz SG, van Gelderen P, de Zwart JA, Jansma JM, Ikonomidou VN, Chu R, Deckers RH, Leopold DA, Duyn JH. Large-amplitude, spatially correlated fluctuations in BOLD fMRI signals during extended rest and early sleep stages. Magn Reson Imaging 2006, 24:979-992.
18. Horovitz SG, Fukunaga M, de Zwart JA, van Gelderen P, Fulton SC, Balkin TJ, Duyn JH. Low frequency BOLD fluctuations during resting wakefulness and light sleep: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2008, 29:671-682.
19. Greicius MD, Kiviniemi V, Tervonen O, Vainionpaa V, Alahuhta S, Reiss AL, Menon V. Persistent default-mode network connectivity during light sedation. Hum Brain Mapp 2008, 29:839-847.
20. Kiviniemi VJ, Haanpaa H, Kantola JH, Jauhiainen J, Vainionpaa V, Alahuhta S, Tervonen O. Midazolam sedation increases fluctuation and synchrony of the resting brain BOLD signal. Magn Reson Imaging 2005, 23:531-537.
21. Peltier SJ, Kerssens C, Hamann SB, Sebel PS, Byas-Smith M, Hu X. Functional connectivity changes with concentration of sevoflurane anesthesia. Neuroreport 2005, 16:285-288.
22. Thomason ME, Dassanayake MT, Shen S, Katkuri Y, Alexis M, Anderson AL, Yeo L, Mody S, Hernandez-Andrade E, Hassan SS, et al. Cross-hemispheric functional connectivity in the human fetal brain. Sci Transl Med 2013, 5:173ra124.
23. Gao W, Zhu H, Giovanello KS, Smith JK, Shen D, Gilmore JH, Lin W. Evidence on the emergence of the brain's default network from 2-week-old to 2-year-old healthy pediatric subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:6790-6795.
24. Lu H, Zou Q, Gu H, Raichle ME, Stein EA, Yang Y. Rat brains also have a default mode network. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:3979-3984.
25. Mars RB, Jbabdi S, Sallet J, O'Reilly JX, Croxson PL, Olivier E, Noonan MP, Bergmann C, Mitchell AS, Baxter MG, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography-based parcellation of the human parietal cortex and comparison with human and macaque resting-state functional connectivity. J Neurosci 2011, 31:4087-4100.
26. Vincent JL, Patel GH, Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Baker JT, Van Essen DC, Zempel JM, Snyder LH, Corbetta M, Raichle ME. Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain. Nature 2007, 447:83-86.
27. Vaidya CJ, Gordon EM. Phenotypic variability in resting-state functional connectivity: current status. Brain Connect 2013, 3:99-120.
28. Van Dijk KR, Hedden T, Venkataraman A, Evans KC, Lazar SW, Buckner RL. Intrinsic functional connectivity as a tool for human connectomics: theory, properties, and optimization. J Neurophysiol 2010, 103:297-321.
29. Buckner RL, Krienen FM, Yeo BT. Opportunities and limitations of intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. Nat Neurosci 2013, 16:832-837.
30. Craddock RC, Jbabdi S, Yan CG, Vogelstein JT, Castellanos FX, Di Martino A, Kelly C, Heberlein K, Colcombe S, Milham MP. Imaging human connectomes at the macroscale. Nat Methods 2013, 10:524-539.
31. Greicius M. Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 2008, 21:424-430.
32. Buckner RL, Vincent JL. Unrest at rest: default activity and spontaneous network correlations. Neuroimage 2007, 37:1091-1096 discussion 1097-1099.
33. Miall RC, Robertson EM. Functional imaging: is the resting brain resting? Curr Biol 2006, 16:R998-R1000.
34. Raichle ME, Snyder AZ. A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea. Neuroimage 2007, 37:1083-1090; discussion 1097-1089.
35. Seeley WW, Menon V, Schatzberg AF, Keller J, Glover GH, Kenna H, Reiss AL, Greicius MD. Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci 2007, 27:2349-2356.
36. Adelstein JS, Shehzad Z, Mennes M, Deyoung CG, Zuo XN, Kelly C, Margulies DS, Bloomfield A, Gray JR, Castellanos FX, et al. Personality is reflected in the brain's intrinsic functional architecture. PLoS One 2011, 6:e27633.
37. Yang XF, Bossmann J, Schiffhauer B, Jordan M, Immordino-Yang MH. Intrinsic default mode network connectivity predicts spontaneous verbal descriptions of autobiographical memories during social processing. Front Psychol 2012, 3:592.
38. van den Heuvel MP, Mandl RC, Kahn RS, Hulshoff Pol HE. Functionally linked resting-state networks reflect the underlying structural connectivity architecture of the human brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2009, 30:3127-3141.
39. Mueller S, Wang D, Fox MD, Yeo BT, Sepulcre J, Sabuncu MR, Shafee R, Lu J, Liu H. Individual variability in functional connectivity architecture of the human brain. Neuron 2013, 77:586-595.
40. Hampson M, Driesen NR, Skudlarski P, Gore JC, Constable RT. Brain connectivity related to working memory performance. J Neurosci 2006, 26:13338-13343.
41. Kelley TA, Serences JT, Giesbrecht B, Yantis S. Cortical mechanisms for shifting and holding visuospatial attention. Cereb Cortex 2008, 18:114-125.
42. Koyama MS, Di Martino A, Zuo XN, Kelly C, Mennes M, Jutagir DR, Castellanos FX, Milham MP. Resting-state functional connectivity indexes reading competence in children and adults. J Neurosci 2011, 31:8617-8624.
43. Zhu Q, Zhang J, Luo YL, Dilks DD, Liu J. Resting-state neural activity across face-selective cortical regions is behaviorally relevant. J Neurosci 2011, 31:10323-10330.
44. Baldassarre A, Lewis CM, Committeri G, Snyder AZ, Romani GL, Corbetta M. Individual variability in functional connectivity predicts performance of a perceptual task. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:3516-3521.
45. Martin A, Barnes KA, Stevens WD. Spontaneous neural activity predicts individual differences in performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012, 109:3201-3202.
46. Zhang HY, Wang SJ, Liu B, Ma ZL, Yang M, Zhang ZJ, Teng GJ. Resting brain connectivity: changes during the progress of Alzheimer disease. Radiology 2010, 256:598-606.
47. Deen B, Pelphrey K. Perspective: brain scans need a rethink. Nature 2012, 491:S20.
48. Gotts SJ, Saad ZS, Jo HJ, Wallace GL, Cox RW, Martin A. The perils of global signal regression for group comparisons: a case study of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2013, 7:356.
49. Power JD, Barnes KA, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage 2012, 59:2142-2154.
50. Saad ZS, Gotts SJ, Murphy K, Chen G, Jo HJ, Martin A, Cox RW. Trouble at rest: how correlation patterns and group differences become distorted after global signal regression. Brain Connect 2012, 2:25-32.
51. Van Dijk KR, Sabuncu MR, Buckner RL. The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. Neuroimage 2012, 59:431-438.
52. Kundu P, Brenowitz ND, Voon V, Worbe Y, Vertes PE, Inati SJ, Saad ZS, Bandettini PA, Bullmore ET. Integrated strategy for improving functional connectivity mapping using multiecho fMRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013, 110:16187-16192.
53. Jo HJ, Saad ZS, Simmons WK, Milbury LA, Cox RW. Mapping sources of correlation in resting state FMRI, with artifact detection and removal. Neuroimage 2010, 52:571-582.
54. Kundu P, Inati SJ, Evans JW, Luh WM, Bandettini PA. Differentiating BOLD and non-BOLD signals in fMRI time series using multi-echo EPI. Neuroimage 2012, 60:1759-1770.
55. Jo HJ, Gotts SJ, Reynolds RC, Bandettini PA, Martin A, Cox RW, Saad ZS. Effective preprocessing procedures virtually eliminate distance-dependent motion artifacts in resting state FMRI. J Appl Math 2013, 2013:935154.
56. Saad ZS, Reynolds RC, Jo HJ, Gotts SJ, Chen G, Martin A, Cox RW. Correcting brain-wide correlation differences in resting-state FMRI. Brain Connect 2013, 3:339-352.
57. Wang L, Laviolette P, O'Keefe K, Putcha D, Bakkour A, Van Dijk KR, Pihlajamaki M, Dickerson BC, Sperling RA. Intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex predicts memory performance in cognitively intact older individuals. Neuroimage 2010, 51:910-917.
58. Gotts SJ, Simmons WK, Milbury LA, Wallace GL, Cox RW, Martin A. Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism spectrum disorders. Brain 2012, 135:2711-2725.
59. Bullmore E, Sporns O. Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009, 10:186-198.
60. Wig GS, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE. Concepts and principles in the analysis of brain networks. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011, 1224:126-146.
61. Honey CJ, Thivierge JP, Sporns O. Can structure predict function in the human brain? Neuroimage 2010, 52:766-776.
62. Hermundstad AM, Bassett DS, Brown KS, Aminoff EM, Clewett D, Freeman S, Frithsen A, Johnson A, Tipper CM, Miller MB, et al. Structural foundations of resting-state and task-based functional connectivity in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013, 110:6169-6174.
63. Lu J, Liu H, Zhang M, Wang D, Cao Y, Ma Q, Rong D, Wang X, Buckner RL, Li K. Focal pontine lesions provide evidence that intrinsic functional connectivity reflects polysynaptic anatomical pathways. J Neurosci 2011, 31:15065-15071.
64. Waites AB, Stanislavsky A, Abbott DF, Jackson GD. Effect of prior cognitive state on resting state networks measured with functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2005, 24:59-68.
65. Albert NB, Robertson EM, Miall RC. The resting human brain and motor learning. Curr Biol 2009, 19:1023-1027.
66. Hasson U, Nusbaum HC, Small SL. Task-dependent organization of brain regions active during rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:10841-10846.
67. Lewis CM, Baldassarre A, Committeri G, Romani GL, Corbetta M. Learning sculpts the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:17558-17563.
68. Stevens WD, Buckner RL, Schacter DL. Correlated low-frequency BOLD fluctuations in the resting human brain are modulated by recent experience in category-preferential visual regions. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:1997-2006.
69. Tambini A, Ketz N, Davachi L. Enhanced brain correlations during rest are related to memory for recent experiences. Neuron 2010, 65:280-290.
70. Grigg O, Grady CL. Task-related effects on the temporal and spatial dynamics of resting-state functional connectivity in the default network. PLoS One 2010, 5:e13311.
71. Tung KC, Uh J, Mao D, Xu F, Xiao G, Lu H. Alterations in resting functional connectivity due to recent motor task. Neuroimage 2013, 78:316-324.
72. Gordon EM, Breeden AL, Bean SE, Vaidya CJ. Working memory-related changes in functional connectivity persist beyond task disengagement. Hum Brain Mapp 2012. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22230. [Epub ahead of print].
73. Barnes A, Bullmore ET, Suckling J. Endogenous human brain dynamics recover slowly following cognitive effort. PLoS One 2009, 4:e6626.
74. Bassett DS, Wymbs NF, Porter MA, Mucha PJ, Carlson JM, Grafton ST. Dynamic reconfiguration of human brain networks during learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011, 108:7641-7646.
75. Patel R, Spreng RN, Turner GR. Functional brain changes following cognitive and motor skills training: a quantitative meta-analysis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2013, 27:187-199.
76. Toga AW, Thompson PM. Mapping brain asymmetry. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003, 4:37-48.
77. Corballis MC. The evolution and genetics of cerebral asymmetry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009, 364:867-879.
78. Gazzaniga MS. Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric communication: does the corpus callosum enable the human condition? Brain 2000, 123(Pt 7):1293-1326.
79. Klimkeit EI, Bradshaw JL. Anomalous lateralisation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Cortex 2006, 42:113-116.
80. Behrmann M, Plaut DC. Bilateral hemispheric processing of words and faces: evidence from word impairments in prosopagnosia and face impairments in pure alexia. Cereb Cortex 2013. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs390 [Epub ahead of print].
81. Mahon BZ, Caramazza A. What drives the organization of object knowledge in the brain? Trends Cogn Sci 2011, 15:97-103.
82. Martin A. Shades of Dejerine--forging a causal link between the visual word form area and reading. Neuron 2006, 50:173-175.
83. Stevens WD, Kahn I, Wig GS, Schacter DL. Hemispheric asymmetry of visual scene processing in the human brain: evidence from repetition priming and intrinsic activity. Cereb Cortex 2012, 22:1935-1949.
84. Eger E, Schweinberger SR, Dolan RJ, Henson RN. Familiarity enhances invariance of face representations in human ventral visual cortex: fMRI evidence. Neuroimage 2005, 26:1128-1139.
85. Koutstaal W, Wagner AD, Rotte M, Maril A, Buckner RL, Schacter DL. Perceptual specificity in visual object priming: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a laterality difference in fusiform cortex. Neuropsychologia 2001, 39:184-199.
86. Marsolek CJ, Hudson TE. Task and stimulus demands influence letter-case-specific priming in the right cerebral hemisphere. Laterality 1999, 4:127-147.
87. Marsolek CJ, Kosslyn SM, Squire LR. Form-specific visual priming in the right cerebral hemisphere. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1992, 18:492-508.
88. Marsolek CJ, Schacter DL, Nicholas CD. Form-specific visual priming for new associations in the right cerebral hemisphere. Mem Cognit 1996, 24:539-556.
89. Metcalfe J, Funnell M, Gazzaniga MS. Right-hemisphere memory superiority: studies of a split-brain patient. Psychol Sci 1995, 6:157-164.
90. Simons JS, Koutstaal W, Prince S, Wagner AD, Schacter DL. Neural mechanisms of visual object priming: evidence for perceptual and semantic distinctions in fusiform cortex. Neuroimage 2003, 19:613-626.
91. Vuilleumier P, Henson RN, Driver J, Dolan RJ. Multiple levels of visual object constancy revealed by event-related fMRI of repetition priming. Nat Neurosci 2002, 5:491-499.
92. Vuilleumier P, Schwartz S, Duhoux S, Dolan RJ, Driver J. Selective attention modulates neural substrates of repetition priming and "implicit" visual memory: suppressions and enhancements revealed by FMRI. J Cogn Neurosci 2005, 17:1245-1260.
93. Epstein R, Kanwisher N. A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature 1998, 392:598-601.
94. Liu H, Stufflebeam SM, Sepulcre J, Hedden T, Buckner RL. Evidence from intrinsic activity that asymmetry of the human brain is controlled by multiple factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:20499-20503.
95. Gotts SJ, Jo HJ, Wallace GL, Saad ZS, Cox RW, Martin A. Two distinct forms of functional lateralization in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013, 110:E3435-E3444.
96. Wang D, Buckner RL, Liu H. Cerebellar asymmetry and its relation to cerebral asymmetry estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2013, 109:46-57.
97. Kanwisher N, McDermott J, Chun MM. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J Neurosci 1997, 17:4302-4311.
98. Downing PE, Jiang Y, Shuman M, Kanwisher N. A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body. Science 2001, 293:2470-2473.
99. Cohen L, Dehaene S, Naccache L, Lehericy S, Dehaene-Lambertz G, Henaff MA, Michel F. The visual word form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 2):291-307.
100. Chao LL, Haxby JV, Martin A. Attribute-based neural substrates in temporal cortex for perceiving and knowing about objects. Nat Neurosci 1999, 2:913-919.
101. Stevens WD, Tessler MH, Martin A. Topographically organized category dissociations in human ventral termporal cortex are associated with differential patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity. In: 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA; 2012.
102. Mruczek RE, von Loga IS, Kastner S. The representation of tool and non-tool object information in the human intraparietal sulcus. J Neurophysiol 2013, 109:2883-2896.
103. Maguire EA. The retrosplenial contribution to human navigation: a review of lesion and neuroimaging findings. Scand J Psychol 2001, 42:225-238.
104. Dilks DD, Julian JB, Paunov AM, Kanwisher N. The occipital place area is causally and selectively involved in scene perception. J Neurosci 2013, 33:1331-1336a.
105. Stevens WD, Tessler MH, Kravitz DJ, Martin A. Functional specificity and connectivity of the visual word form area. In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (Proceedings of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society Annual Meeting). San Fanscisco, CA, USA 2013.
106. Chang C, Glover GH. Time-frequency dynamics of resting-state brain connectivity measured with fMRI. Neuroimage 2010, 50:81-98.
107. Liu X, Duyn JH. Time-varying functional network information extracted from brief instances of spontaneous brain activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013, 110:4392-4397.
108. Hutchison RM, Womelsdorf T, Allen EA, Bandettini PA, Calhoun VD, Corbetta M, Della Penna S, Duyn JH, Glover GH, Gonzalez-Castillo J, et al. Dynamic functional connectivity: promise, issues, and interpretations. Neuroimage 2013, 80:360-378.
109. Dosenbach NU, Fair DA, Miezin FM, Cohen AL, Wenger KK, Dosenbach RA, Fox MD, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle ME, et al. Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:11073-11078.
110. Sporns O. The human connectome: a complex network. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011, 1224:109-125.
111. Amunts K, Schleicher A, Burgel U, Mohlberg H, Uylings HB, Zilles K. Broca's region revisited: cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol 1999, 412:319-341.
112. Fjell AM, Westlye LT, Amlien I, Tamnes CK, Grydeland H, Engvig A, Espeseth T, Reinvang I, Lundervold AJ, Lundervold A, et al. High-expanding cortical regions in human development and evolution are related to higher intellectual abilities. Cereb Cortex 2013. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht201 [Epub ahead of print].
113. Hill J, Dierker D, Neil J, Inder T, Knutsen A, Harwell J, Coalson T, Van Essen D. A surface-based analysis of hemispheric asymmetries and folding of cerebral cortex in term-born human infants. J Neurosci 2010, 30:2268-2276.
114. Lyttelton OC, Karama S, Ad-Dab'bagh Y, Zatorre RJ, Carbonell F, Worsley K, Evans AC. Positional and surface area asymmetry of the human cerebral cortex. Neuroimage 2009, 46:895-903.
115. Morcom AM, Fletcher PC. Does the brain have a baseline? Why we should be resisting a rest. Neuroimage 2007, 37:1073-1082.