메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 273-281

Do all creatures possess an acquired immune system of some sort?

Author keywords

Adaptive immunity; CRISPR; DSCAM; Innate immunity; RNAi

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ARTHROPOD; ARTICLE; CNIDARIA; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FISH; GENOME; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; LIFESTYLE; MOLLUSC; NEMATODE; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PROKARYOTE; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; SYMBIOSIS; VERTEBRATE; ANIMAL; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

EID: 84893759127     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: 15211878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300124     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (84)
  • 2
    • 7644232415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of innate and adaptive immunity: can we draw a line
    • Flajnik MF, Du Pasquier L. 2004. Evolution of innate and adaptive immunity: can we draw a line? Trends Immunol 25: 640-4.
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 640-644
    • Flajnik, M.F.1    Du Pasquier, L.2
  • 3
    • 84870180587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity
    • Westra ER, Swarts DC, Staals RHJ, Jore MM, et al. 2012. The CRISPRs, they are a-changin': how prokaryotes generate adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Genet 46: 311-39.
    • (2012) Annu Rev Genet , vol.46 , pp. 311-339
    • Westra, E.R.1    Swarts, D.C.2    Staals, R.H.J.3    Jore, M.M.4
  • 4
    • 34047118522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes
    • Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, et al. 2007. CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. Science 315: 1709-12.
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1709-1712
    • Barrangou, R.1    Fremaux, C.2    Deveau, H.3    Richards, M.4
  • 5
    • 77249170201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea
    • Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ. 2010. CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea. Nat Rev Genet 11: 181-90.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Genet , vol.11 , pp. 181-190
    • Marraffini, L.A.1    Sontheimer, E.J.2
  • 6
    • 74249095519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea
    • Horvath P, Barrangou R. 2010. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science 327: 167-70.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 167-170
    • Horvath, P.1    Barrangou, R.2
  • 7
    • 84857097177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea
    • Wiedenheft B, Sternberg SH, Doudna JA. 2012. RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archaea. Nature 482: 331-8.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.482 , pp. 331-338
    • Wiedenheft, B.1    Sternberg, S.H.2    Doudna, J.A.3
  • 8
    • 84878936806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea
    • Sorek R, Lawrence CM, Wiedenheft B. 2013. CRISPR-mediated adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea. Annu Rev Biochem 82: 237-66.
    • (2013) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.82 , pp. 237-266
    • Sorek, R.1    Lawrence, C.M.2    Wiedenheft, B.3
  • 9
    • 77955085897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-targeting by CRISPR: gene regulation or autoimmunity
    • Stern A, Keren L, Wurtzel O, Amitai G, et al. 2010. Self-targeting by CRISPR: gene regulation or autoimmunity? Trends Genet 26: 335-40.
    • (2010) Trends Genet , vol.26 , pp. 335-340
    • Stern, A.1    Keren, L.2    Wurtzel, O.3    Amitai, G.4
  • 10
    • 75749118174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity
    • Marraffini LA, Sontheimer EJ. 2010. Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity. Nature 463: 568-71.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 568-571
    • Marraffini, L.A.1    Sontheimer, E.J.2
  • 11
    • 33744941078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The repetitive DNA elements called CRISPRs and their associated genes: evidence of horizontal transfer among prokaryotes
    • Godde JS, Bickerton A. 2006. The repetitive DNA elements called CRISPRs and their associated genes: evidence of horizontal transfer among prokaryotes. J Mol Evol 62: 718-29.
    • (2006) J Mol Evol , vol.62 , pp. 718-729
    • Godde, J.S.1    Bickerton, A.2
  • 12
    • 84871111437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile CRISPR/Cas-mediated bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis
    • Millen AM, Horvath P, Boyaval P, Romero DA. 2012. Mobile CRISPR/Cas-mediated bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis. PLoS One 7: e51663.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Millen, A.M.1    Horvath, P.2    Boyaval, P.3    Romero, D.A.4
  • 13
    • 84856170491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells
    • Spoel SH, Dong X. 2012. How do plants achieve immunity? Defence without specialized immune cells. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 89-100.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 89-100
    • Spoel, S.H.1    Dong, X.2
  • 14
    • 0037066502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system
    • Medzhitov R, Janeway CA. 2002. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science 296: 298-300.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 298-300
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Janeway, C.A.2
  • 16
    • 0035425379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA silencing as a plant immune system against viruses
    • Voinnet O. 2001. RNA silencing as a plant immune system against viruses. Trends Genet 17: 449-59.
    • (2001) Trends Genet , vol.17 , pp. 449-459
    • Voinnet, O.1
  • 17
    • 0141678039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-level evolution of resistance genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Baumgarten A, Cannon S, Spangler R, May G. 2003. Genome-level evolution of resistance genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 165: 309-19.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.165 , pp. 309-319
    • Baumgarten, A.1    Cannon, S.2    Spangler, R.3    May, G.4
  • 18
    • 79551662808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of plant immune responses by a central circadian regulator
    • Wang W, Barnaby JY, Tada Y, Li H, et al. 2011. Timing of plant immune responses by a central circadian regulator. Nature 470: 110-4.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.470 , pp. 110-114
    • Wang, W.1    Barnaby, J.Y.2    Tada, Y.3    Li, H.4
  • 19
    • 0000645697 scopus 로고
    • Systemic acquired resistance induced by localized virus infections in plants
    • Ross AF. 1961. Systemic acquired resistance induced by localized virus infections in plants. Virology 14: 340-58.
    • (1961) Virology , vol.14 , pp. 340-358
    • Ross, A.F.1
  • 20
    • 33748324641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgeneration memory of stress in plants
    • Molinier J, Ries G, Zipfel C, Hohn B. 2006. Transgeneration memory of stress in plants. Nature 442: 1046-9.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 1046-1049
    • Molinier, J.1    Ries, G.2    Zipfel, C.3    Hohn, B.4
  • 21
    • 78650853222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin modification acts as a memory for systemic acquired resistance in the plant stress response
    • Jaskiewicz M, Conrath U, Peterhänsel C. 2011. Chromatin modification acts as a memory for systemic acquired resistance in the plant stress response. EMBO Rep 12: 50-5.
    • (2011) EMBO Rep , vol.12 , pp. 50-55
    • Jaskiewicz, M.1    Conrath, U.2    Peterhänsel, C.3
  • 22
    • 84867193062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational defense induction and epigenetic inheritance in plants
    • Holeski LM, Jander G, Agrawal AA. 2012. Transgenerational defense induction and epigenetic inheritance in plants. Trends Ecol Evol 27: 618-26.
    • (2012) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.27 , pp. 618-626
    • Holeski, L.M.1    Jander, G.2    Agrawal, A.A.3
  • 23
    • 79960708831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cnidarian immunity: a tale of two barriers
    • Augustin R, Bosch TCG. 2010. Cnidarian immunity: a tale of two barriers. Adv Exp Med Biol 708: 1-16.
    • (2010) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.708 , pp. 1-16
    • Augustin, R.1    Bosch, T.C.G.2
  • 24
    • 0021968205 scopus 로고
    • Autoreactivity and self-tolerance in an invertebrate
    • Buss LW, Moore JL, Green DR. 1985. Autoreactivity and self-tolerance in an invertebrate. Nature 313: 400-2.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 400-402
    • Buss, L.W.1    Moore, J.L.2    Green, D.R.3
  • 25
    • 0032078915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones, pregnancy, and autoimmune diseases
    • Wilder RL. 1998. Hormones, pregnancy, and autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 840: 45-50.
    • (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.840 , pp. 45-50
    • Wilder, R.L.1
  • 26
    • 0034811429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: coelomocyte uptake defective mutants
    • Fares H, Greenwald I. 2001. Genetic analysis of endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: coelomocyte uptake defective mutants. Genetics 159: 133-45.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 133-145
    • Fares, H.1    Greenwald, I.2
  • 27
    • 0032545933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Kostas SA, et al. 1998. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391: 806-11.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 806-811
    • Fire, A.1    Xu, S.2    Montgomery, M.K.3    Kostas, S.A.4
  • 28
    • 23944506789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal virus replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Lu R, Maduro M, Li F, Li HW, et al. 2005. Animal virus replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 436: 1040-3.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.436 , pp. 1040-1043
    • Lu, R.1    Maduro, M.2    Li, F.3    Li, H.W.4
  • 29
    • 83255184978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational inheritance of an acquired small RNA-based antiviral response in C. elegans
    • Rechavi O, Minevich G, Hobert O. 2011. Transgenerational inheritance of an acquired small RNA-based antiviral response in C. elegans. Cell 147: 1248-56.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.147 , pp. 1248-1256
    • Rechavi, O.1    Minevich, G.2    Hobert, O.3
  • 30
    • 84881556500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of invertebrates: cellular
    • Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
    • Smith VJ. 2010. Immunology of invertebrates: cellular. in: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
    • (2010) Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
    • Smith, V.J.1
  • 31
    • 84857465981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of insects and viruses: the role of small RNAs in insect defence
    • Vodovar N, Saleh M. 2012. Of insects and viruses: the role of small RNAs in insect defence. Adv Insect Physiol 42: 1-36.
    • (2012) Adv Insect Physiol , vol.42 , pp. 1-36
    • Vodovar, N.1    Saleh, M.2
  • 32
    • 33645537549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNAi is an antiviral immune response against a dsRNA virus in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Zambon RA, Vakharia VN, Wu LP. 2006. RNAi is an antiviral immune response against a dsRNA virus in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Microbiol 8: 880-9.
    • (2006) Cell Microbiol , vol.8 , pp. 880-889
    • Zambon, R.A.1    Vakharia, V.N.2    Wu, L.P.3
  • 33
    • 33645979325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA interference directs innate immunity against viruses in adult Drosophila
    • Wang X-H, Aliyari R, Li W-X, Li H-W, et al. 2006. RNA interference directs innate immunity against viruses in adult Drosophila. Science 312: 452-4.
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 452-454
    • Wang, X.-H.1    Aliyari, R.2    Li, W.-X.3    Li, H.-W.4
  • 34
    • 29244439608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do adaptive immune systems control pathogens while avoiding autoimmunity
    • Bergstrom CT, Antia R. 2006. How do adaptive immune systems control pathogens while avoiding autoimmunity? Trends Ecol Evol 21: 22-8.
    • (2006) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.21 , pp. 22-28
    • Bergstrom, C.T.1    Antia, R.2
  • 35
    • 24944454976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive diversity of Ig-superfamily proteins in the immune system of insects
    • Watson FL, Püttmann-Holgado R, Thomas F, Lamar DL, et al. 2005. Extensive diversity of Ig-superfamily proteins in the immune system of insects. Science 309: 1874-8.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 1874-1878
    • Watson, F.L.1    Püttmann-Holgado, R.2    Thomas, F.3    Lamar, D.L.4
  • 36
    • 33845731203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking the evolution of alternatively spliced exons within the Dscam family
    • Crayton ME, Powell BC, Vision TJ, Giddings MC. 2006. Tracking the evolution of alternatively spliced exons within the Dscam family. BMC Evol Biol 6: 16.
    • (2006) BMC Evol Biol , vol.6 , pp. 16
    • Crayton, M.E.1    Powell, B.C.2    Vision, T.J.3    Giddings, M.C.4
  • 37
    • 79958061238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative splicing of the Anopheles gambiae Dscam gene in diverse Plasmodium falciparum infections
    • Smith PH, Mwangi JM, Afrane YA, Yan G, et al. 2011. Alternative splicing of the Anopheles gambiae Dscam gene in diverse Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malar J 10: 156.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 156
    • Smith, P.H.1    Mwangi, J.M.2    Afrane, Y.A.3    Yan, G.4
  • 38
    • 33749356828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative adaptive immunity in invertebrates
    • Kurtz J, Armitage SA. 2006. Alternative adaptive immunity in invertebrates. Trends Immunol 27: 493-6.
    • (2006) Trends Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 493-496
    • Kurtz, J.1    Armitage, S.A.2
  • 39
    • 33745003221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect immunity shows specificity in protection upon secondary pathogen exposure
    • Sadd BM, Schmid-Hempel P. 2006. Insect immunity shows specificity in protection upon secondary pathogen exposure. Curr Biol 16: 1206-10.
    • (2006) Curr Biol , vol.16 , pp. 1206-1210
    • Sadd, B.M.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 40
  • 41
    • 77956528816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemocyte differentiation mediates innate immune memory in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes
    • Rodrigues J, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Dixit R, et al. 2010. Hemocyte differentiation mediates innate immune memory in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Science 329: 1353-5.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 1353-1355
    • Rodrigues, J.1    Brayner, F.A.2    Alves, L.C.3    Dixit, R.4
  • 42
    • 3042802389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversification of Ig superfamily genes in an invertebrate
    • Zhang S-M, Adema CM, Kepler TB, Loker ES. 2004. Diversification of Ig superfamily genes in an invertebrate. Science 305: 251-4.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 251-254
    • Zhang, S.-M.1    Adema, C.M.2    Kepler, T.B.3    Loker, E.S.4
  • 43
    • 27744492083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives
    • Litman GW, Cannon JP, Dishaw LJ. 2005. Reconstructing immune phylogeny: new perspectives. Nat Rev Immunol 5: 866-79.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 866-879
    • Litman, G.W.1    Cannon, J.P.2    Dishaw, L.J.3
  • 44
    • 23644432645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into alternative mechanisms of immune receptor diversification
    • Litman GW, Cannon JP, Rast JP. 2005. New insights into alternative mechanisms of immune receptor diversification. Adv Immunol 87: 209-36.
    • (2005) Adv Immunol , vol.87 , pp. 209-236
    • Litman, G.W.1    Cannon, J.P.2    Rast, J.P.3
  • 45
    • 1642545529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invertebrate immune systems - not homogeneous, not simple, not well understood
    • Loker ES, Adema CM, Zhang S-M, Kepler TB. 2004. Invertebrate immune systems - not homogeneous, not simple, not well understood. Immunol Rev 198: 10-24.
    • (2004) Immunol Rev , vol.198 , pp. 10-24
    • Loker, E.S.1    Adema, C.M.2    Zhang, S.-M.3    Kepler, T.B.4
  • 46
    • 77957556787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basis for haplotype complexity in VCBPs, an immune-type receptor in amphioxus
    • Dishaw LJ, Ota T, Mueller MG, Cannon JP, et al. 2010. The basis for haplotype complexity in VCBPs, an immune-type receptor in amphioxus. Immunogenetics 62: 623-31.
    • (2010) Immunogenetics , vol.62 , pp. 623-631
    • Dishaw, L.J.1    Ota, T.2    Mueller, M.G.3    Cannon, J.P.4
  • 47
    • 80053622306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins (VCBPs) in host gut-bacteria interactions
    • Dishaw LJ, Giacomelli S, Melillo D, Zucchetti I, et al. 2011. A role for variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins (VCBPs) in host gut-bacteria interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16747-52.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.108 , pp. 16747-16752
    • Dishaw, L.J.1    Giacomelli, S.2    Melillo, D.3    Zucchetti, I.4
  • 48
    • 3142616423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
    • Pancer Z, Amemiya CT, Ehrhardt GRA, Ceitlin J, et al. 2004. Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey. Nature 430: 174-80.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 174-180
    • Pancer, Z.1    Amemiya, C.T.2    Ehrhardt, G.R.A.3    Ceitlin, J.4
  • 49
    • 33846481302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-receptor genes of the agnathan lamprey are assembled by a process involving copy choice
    • Nagawa F, Kishishita N, Shimizu K, Hirose S, et al. 2007. Antigen-receptor genes of the agnathan lamprey are assembled by a process involving copy choice. Nat Immunol 8: 206-13.
    • (2007) Nat Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 206-213
    • Nagawa, F.1    Kishishita, N.2    Shimizu, K.3    Hirose, S.4
  • 50
    • 67349128569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys
    • Guo P, Hirano M, Herrin BR, Li J, et al. 2009. Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys. Nature 459: 796-801.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 796-801
    • Guo, P.1    Hirano, M.2    Herrin, B.R.3    Li, J.4
  • 52
    • 77954933984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of vertebrate adaptive immunity
    • Litman G, Rast J, Fugmann S. 2010. The origins of vertebrate adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 10: 543-53.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 543-553
    • Litman, G.1    Rast, J.2    Fugmann, S.3
  • 53
    • 72849115174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures
    • Flajnik MF, Kasahara M. 2010. Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures. Nat Rev Genet 11: 47-59.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Genet , vol.11 , pp. 47-59
    • Flajnik, M.F.1    Kasahara, M.2
  • 54
    • 0345059749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive innate immunity? Responsive-mode prophylaxis in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor
    • Moret Y, Siva-Jothy MT. 2003. Adaptive innate immunity? Responsive-mode prophylaxis in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Proc Biol Sci 270: 2475-80.
    • (2003) Proc Biol Sci , vol.270 , pp. 2475-2480
    • Moret, Y.1    Siva-Jothy, M.T.2
  • 55
    • 20044363665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific memory within innate immune systems
    • Kurtz J. 2005. Specific memory within innate immune systems. Trends Immunol 26: 186-92.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 186-192
    • Kurtz, J.1
  • 56
    • 0037452996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal transfer of strain-specific immunity in an invertebrate
    • Little TJ, O'Connor B, Colegrave N, Watt K, et al. 2003. Maternal transfer of strain-specific immunity in an invertebrate. Curr Biol 13: 489-92.
    • (2003) Curr Biol , vol.13 , pp. 489-492
    • Little, T.J.1    O'Connor, B.2    Colegrave, N.3    Watt, K.4
  • 58
    • 65349164656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do the terms innate and adaptive immunity create conceptual barriers
    • Lanier LL, Sun JC. 2009. Do the terms innate and adaptive immunity create conceptual barriers? Nat Rev Immunol 9: 302-3.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 302-303
    • Lanier, L.L.1    Sun, J.C.2
  • 59
    • 84872976198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shades of grey - the blurring view of innate and adaptive immunity
    • Lanier LL. 2013. Shades of grey - the blurring view of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13: 73-4.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 73-74
    • Lanier, L.L.1
  • 60
    • 0035013708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens
    • Martin F, Oliver AM, Kearney JF. 2001. Marginal zone and B1 B cells unite in the early response against T-independent blood-borne particulate antigens. Immunity 14: 617-29.
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 617-629
    • Martin, F.1    Oliver, A.M.2    Kearney, J.F.3
  • 61
    • 84873130090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invariant natural killer T cells as sensors and managers of inflammation
    • Van Kaer L, Parekh VV, Wu L. 2013. Invariant natural killer T cells as sensors and managers of inflammation. Trends Immunol 34: 50-8.
    • (2013) Trends Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 50-58
    • Van Kaer, L.1    Parekh, V.V.2    Wu, L.3
  • 62
    • 84893790080 scopus 로고
    • Philosophie zoologique, ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Oxford University (in French).
    • Lamarck J-BDE. 1809. Philosophie zoologique, ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Oxford University (in French).
    • (1809)
    • Lamarck, J.-B.1
  • 63
    • 77649218943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is evolution Darwinian or/and Lamarckian
    • Koonin EV, Wolf YI. 2009. Is evolution Darwinian or/and Lamarckian? Biol Direct 4: 42.
    • (2009) Biol Direct , vol.4 , pp. 42
    • Koonin, E.V.1    Wolf, Y.I.2
  • 64
    • 84865798438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial structure and Lamarckian adaptation explain extreme genetic diversity at CRISPR locus
    • Haerter JO, Sneppen K. 2012. Spatial structure and Lamarckian adaptation explain extreme genetic diversity at CRISPR locus. MBio 3: e00126-12.
    • (2012) MBio , vol.3
    • Haerter, J.O.1    Sneppen, K.2
  • 66
    • 77950816077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings
    • Spurgin LG, Richardson DS. 2010. How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and misunderstandings. Proc Biol Sci 277: 979-88.
    • (2010) Proc Biol Sci , vol.277 , pp. 979-988
    • Spurgin, L.G.1    Richardson, D.S.2
  • 67
    • 70350344715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PERSPECTIVE: principles of ecological immunology
    • Sadd BM, Schmid-Hempel P. 2008. PERSPECTIVE: principles of ecological immunology. Evol Appl 2: 113-21.
    • (2008) Evol Appl , vol.2 , pp. 113-121
    • Sadd, B.M.1    Schmid-Hempel, P.2
  • 68
    • 77954328102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mutagenesis and unique mutation signature associated with mitotic gene conversion
    • Hicks WM, Kim M, Haber JE. 2010. Increased mutagenesis and unique mutation signature associated with mitotic gene conversion. Science 329: 82-5.
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 82-85
    • Hicks, W.M.1    Kim, M.2    Haber, J.E.3
  • 69
    • 43749085321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasite immune evasion: a momentous molecular war
    • Schmid-Hempel P. 2008. Parasite immune evasion: a momentous molecular war. Trends Ecol Evol 23: 318-26.
    • (2008) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 318-326
    • Schmid-Hempel, P.1
  • 70
    • 79959201412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system
    • Kau AL, Ahern PP, Griffin NW, Goodman AL, et al. 2011. Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system. Nature 474: 327-36.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.474 , pp. 327-336
    • Kau, A.L.1    Ahern, P.P.2    Griffin, N.W.3    Goodman, A.L.4
  • 71
    • 32944477673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of adaptive immunity
    • Pancer Z, Cooper MD. 2006. The evolution of adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 24: 497-518.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 497-518
    • Pancer, Z.1    Cooper, M.D.2
  • 72
    • 78651512436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The good viruses: viral mutualistic symbioses
    • Roossinck MJ. 2011. The good viruses: viral mutualistic symbioses. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 99-108.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.9 , pp. 99-108
    • Roossinck, M.J.1
  • 73
    • 0006270773 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes
    • Bergersen FJ. 1971. Biochemistry of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 22: 121-40.
    • (1971) Annu Rev Plant Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 121-140
    • Bergersen, F.J.1
  • 74
    • 35448991718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers, self-antigens and the immunological homunculus
    • Cohen IR. 2007. Biomarkers, self-antigens and the immunological homunculus. J Autoimmun 29: 246-9.
    • (2007) J Autoimmun , vol.29 , pp. 246-249
    • Cohen, I.R.1
  • 75
    • 66149125689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of RNAi and microRNAs in animal virus replication and antiviral immunity
    • Umbach JL, Cullen BR. 2009. The role of RNAi and microRNAs in animal virus replication and antiviral immunity. Genes Dev 23: 1151-64.
    • (2009) Genes Dev , vol.23 , pp. 1151-1164
    • Umbach, J.L.1    Cullen, B.R.2
  • 77
    • 3142691844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The road to Toll
    • Lemaitre B. 2004. The road to Toll. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 521-7.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 521-527
    • Lemaitre, B.1
  • 78
    • 76749122339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective
    • Zimmerman LM, Vogel LA, Bowden RM. 2010. Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective. J Exp Biol 213: 661-71.
    • (2010) J Exp Biol , vol.213 , pp. 661-671
    • Zimmerman, L.M.1    Vogel, L.A.2    Bowden, R.M.3
  • 79
    • 35848946794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive immunity in invertebrates: a straw house without a mechanistic foundation
    • Hauton C, Smith VJ. 2007. Adaptive immunity in invertebrates: a straw house without a mechanistic foundation. BioEssays 29: 1138-46.
    • (2007) BioEssays , vol.29 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Hauton, C.1    Smith, V.J.2
  • 80
    • 84888434984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibody repertoires, natural biomarkers, and system controllers
    • Cohen IR. 2013. Autoantibody repertoires, natural biomarkers, and system controllers. Trends Immunol 34: 620-5.
    • (2013) Trends Immunol , vol.34 , pp. 620-625
    • Cohen, I.R.1
  • 81
    • 0023720148 scopus 로고
    • T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition
    • Davis MM, Bjorkman PJ. 1988. T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Nature 334: 395-402.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 395-402
    • Davis, M.M.1    Bjorkman, P.J.2
  • 82
    • 77956170809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-based antiviral immunity
    • Ding S-W. 2010. RNA-based antiviral immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 10: 632-44.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 632-644
    • Ding, S.-W.1
  • 83
    • 58049196894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-based viral immunity initiated by the Dicer family of host immune receptors
    • Aliyari R, Ding S-W. 2009. RNA-based viral immunity initiated by the Dicer family of host immune receptors. Immunol Rev 227: 176-88.
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.227 , pp. 176-188
    • Aliyari, R.1    Ding, S.-W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.