메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 213, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 661-671

Commentary: Understanding the vertebrate immune system: Insights from the reptilian perspective

Author keywords

Adaptive immunity; Ecological immunology; Innate immunity; Reptile

Indexed keywords

AMNIOTA; AMPHIBIA; AVES; MAMMALIA; PISCES; REPTILIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 76749122339     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.038315     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (328)

References (137)
  • 1
    • 0034680145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response
    • Aderem, A. and Ulevitch, R. J. (2000). Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 406, 782-787.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 782-787
    • Aderem, A.1    Ulevitch, R.J.2
  • 2
    • 84993907194 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal conditions determine the manner of rejection in reptiles
    • Afifi, A., Mohamed, E. R. and El Ridi, R. (1993). Seasonal conditions determine the manner of rejection in reptiles. J. Exp. Zool. 265, 459-468.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.265 , pp. 459-468
    • Afifi, A.1    Mohamed, E.R.2    El Ridi, R.3
  • 3
    • 0036587103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the thermoregulation of the box turtle Terrapen Carolina
    • Amaral, J. P. S., Marvin, G. A. and Hutchison, V. H. (2002). The influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on the thermoregulation of the box turtle Terrapen carolina. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 75, 273-282.
    • (2002) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.75 , pp. 273-282
    • Amaral, J.P.S.1    Marvin, G.A.2    Hutchison, V.H.3
  • 4
    • 0022374305 scopus 로고
    • Sex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases
    • Ansar Ahmed, S., Penhale, W. J. and Talal, N. (1985). Sex hormones, immune responses, and autoimmune diseases. Am. J. Path. 121, 531-551.
    • (1985) Am. J. Path. , vol.121 , pp. 531-551
    • Ansar Ahmed, S.1    Penhale, W.J.2    Talal, N.3
  • 5
    • 0037083364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene for immunoglobulin gene conversion
    • Arakawa, H., Hauschild, J. and Buerstedde, J. M. (2002). Requirement of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene for immunoglobulin gene conversion. Science 295, 1301-1306.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1301-1306
    • Arakawa, H.1    Hauschild, J.2    Buerstedde, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0031991117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reptile lysozyme: The complete amino acid sequence of soft-shelled turtle lysozyme and its activity
    • Araki, T., Yamamoto, T. and Torikata, T. (1998). Reptile lysozyme: the complete amino acid sequence of soft-shelled turtle lysozyme and its activity. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 316-324.
    • (1998) Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , vol.62 , pp. 316-324
    • Araki, T.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Torikata, T.3
  • 7
    • 0025905663 scopus 로고
    • Natural autoantibodies: From 'horror autotoxicus' to 'gnothi seauton'
    • Avrameas, S. (1991). Natural autoantibodies: from 'horror autotoxicus' to 'gnothi seauton'. Immunol. Today 12, 154-159.
    • (1991) Immunol. Today , vol.12 , pp. 154-159
    • Avrameas, S.1
  • 8
    • 0028353278 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines
    • Baggiolini, M., Moser, B. and Clark-Lewis, I. (1994). Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines. Chest 105, 95S-98S.
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105
    • Baggiolini, M.1    Moser, B.2    Clark-Lewis, I.3
  • 9
    • 2542490656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of testosterone on T cell-mediated immunity in two species of Mediterranean lacertid lizards
    • Belliure, J., Smith, L. and Sorci, G. (2004). Effect of testosterone on T cell-mediated immunity in two species of Mediterranean lacertid lizards. J. Exp. Zool. 301A, 411-418.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.301 A , pp. 411-418
    • Belliure, J.1    Smith, L.2    Sorci, G.3
  • 10
    • 15044344733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosterone suppresses immune activity in territorial Galápagos marine iguanas during reproduction
    • Berger, S., Martin, L. B., II, Wikelski, M., Romero, L. M., Kalko, E. K. V., Vitousek, M. N. and Rödl, T. (2005). Corticosterone suppresses immune activity in territorial Galápagos marine iguanas during reproduction. Horm. Behav. 47, 419-429.
    • (2005) Horm. Behav. , vol.47 , pp. 419-429
    • Berger, S.1    Martin, L.B.2    Wikelski Ii, M.3    Romero, L.M.4    Kalko, E.K.V.5    Vitousek, M.N.6    Rödl, T.7
  • 11
    • 0032445137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role of natural immunoglobulin M in immediate defense against systemic bacterial infection
    • Boes, M., Prodeus, A. P., Schmidt, T., Carroll, M. C. and Chen, J. (1998). A critical role of natural immunoglobulin M in immediate defense against systemic bacterial infection. J. Exp. Med. 188, 2381-2386.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 2381-2386
    • Boes, M.1    Prodeus, A.P.2    Schmidt, T.3    Carroll, M.C.4    Chen, J.5
  • 12
    • 0036584480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycoplasmosis and immunity of fish and reptiles
    • Brown, D. R. (2002). Mycoplasmosis and immunity of fish and reptiles. Front. Biosci. 7, 1338-1346.
    • (2002) Front. Biosci. , vol.7 , pp. 1338-1346
    • Brown, D.R.1
  • 13
    • 51649111605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal redistribution of immune function in a migrant shorebird: Annual-cycle effects override adjustments to thermal regime
    • Buehler, D. M., Piersma, T., Matson, K. and Tieleman, B. I. (2008). Seasonal redistribution of immune function in a migrant shorebird: annual-cycle effects override adjustments to thermal regime. Amer. Nat. 172, 783-796.
    • (2008) Amer. Nat. , vol.172 , pp. 783-796
    • Buehler, D.M.1    Piersma, T.2    Matson, K.3    Tieleman, B.I.4
  • 15
    • 0032793708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphibian declines: An immunological perspective
    • Carey, C., Cohen, N. and Rollins-Smith, L. (1999). Amphibian declines: an immunological perspective. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 23, 459-472.
    • (1999) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 459-472
    • Carey, C.1    Cohen, N.2    Rollins-Smith, L.3
  • 19
    • 55949131614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary redefinition of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in tetrapods using molecular markers
    • Das, S., Nikolaidis, N., Klein, J. and Nei, M. (2008). Evolutionary redefinition of immunoglobulin light chain isotypes in tetrapods using molecular markers. PNAS 105, 16647-16652.
    • (2008) PNAS , vol.105 , pp. 16647-16652
    • Das, S.1    Nikolaidis, N.2    Klein, J.3    Nei, M.4
  • 21
    • 35448967050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of blood mercury levels to health parameters in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta
    • Day, R. D., Segars, A. L., Arendt, M. D., Lee, A. M. and Peden-Adams, M. M. (2007). Relationship of blood mercury levels to health parameters in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Environ. Health Perspect. 115, 1421-1428.
    • (2007) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.115 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Day, R.D.1    Segars, A.L.2    Arendt, M.D.3    Lee, A.M.4    Peden-Adams, M.M.5
  • 22
    • 44749091844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgD in the reptile leopard gecko
    • Deza, F. G. and Espinel, C. S. (2008). IgD in the reptile leopard gecko. Mol. Immunol. 45, 3470-3476.
    • (2008) Mol. Immunol. , vol.45 , pp. 3470-3476
    • Deza, F.G.1    Espinel, C.S.2
  • 23
    • 33846340756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel IgA-like immunoglobulin in the reptile Eublepharis macularius
    • Deza, F. G., Espinel, C. S. and Beneitez, J. V. (2007). A novel IgA-like immunoglobulin in the reptile Eublepharis macularius. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 31, 596-605.
    • (2007) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.31 , pp. 596-605
    • Deza, F.G.1    Espinel, C.S.2    Beneitez, J.V.3
  • 25
    • 84986522844 scopus 로고
    • Effect of seasonal variations on the immune system of the snake, Psammophis schokari
    • El Ridi, R., Badir, N. and El Rouby, S. (1981). Effect of seasonal variations on the immune system of the snake, Psammophis schokari. J. Exp. Zool. 216, 357-365.
    • (1981) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.216 , pp. 357-365
    • El Ridi, R.1    Badir, N.2    El Rouby, S.3
  • 27
    • 0023090566 scopus 로고
    • Concanavalin A responsiveness and interleukin 2 production in the snake Spalersophis diadema
    • El Ridi, R., Wahby, A. F., Saad, A. H. and Soliman, M. A. W. (1987). Concanavalin A responsiveness and interleukin 2 production in the snake Spalersophis diadema. Immunobiology 174, 177-189.
    • (1987) Immunobiology , vol.174 , pp. 177-189
    • El Ridi, R.1    Wahby, A.F.2    Saad, A.H.3    Soliman, M.A.W.4
  • 29
    • 0021911829 scopus 로고
    • Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) in the snake Psammophis sibilans
    • Farag, M. A. and El Ridi, R. (1984). Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) in the snake Psammophis sibilans. Immunology 55, 173-181.
    • (1984) Immunology , vol.55 , pp. 173-181
    • Farag, M.A.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 30
    • 0025092502 scopus 로고
    • Functional markers of the major histocompatibility gene complex of snakes
    • Farag, M. A. and El Ridi, R. (1990). Functional markers of the major histocompatibility gene complex of snakes. Eur. J. Immunol. 20, 2029-2033.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 2029-2033
    • Farag, M.A.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 33
    • 0016690439 scopus 로고
    • Interferon production in tortoise peritoneal cells
    • Galabov, A. S. and Velichkova, E. H. (1975). Interferon production in tortoise peritoneal cells. J. Gen. Virol. 28, 259-263.
    • (1975) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.28 , pp. 259-263
    • Galabov, A.S.1    Velichkova, E.H.2
  • 34
    • 3242778563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of vertebrates
    • Ganz, T. (2003). Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of vertebrates. C. R. Biologies 327, 539-549.
    • (2003) C. R. Biologies , Issue.327 , pp. 539-549
    • Ganz, T.1
  • 35
    • 0017643247 scopus 로고
    • Lysozyme in egg whites of tortoises and turtle: Purification and properties of egg white lysozyme of Trionyx gangeticus cuvier
    • Gayen, S. K., Som, S., Sinha, N. K. and Sen, A. (1977). Lysozyme in egg whites of tortoises and turtle: Purification and properties of egg white lysozyme of Trionyx gangeticus cuvier. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 183, 432-442.
    • (1977) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.183 , pp. 432-442
    • Gayen, S.K.1    Som, S.2    Sinha, N.K.3    Sen, A.4
  • 36
    • 33746082395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The riddle of the dual expression of IgM and IgD
    • Geisberger, R., Lamers, M. and Achatz, G. (2006). The riddle of the dual expression of IgM and IgD. Immunology 118, 429-437.
    • (2006) Immunology , vol.118 , pp. 429-437
    • Geisberger, R.1    Lamers, M.2    Achatz, G.3
  • 38
    • 0028129515 scopus 로고
    • Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida. Environ
    • Guillette, L. J., Gross, T. S., Masson, G. R., Matter, J. M., Percival, H. F. and Woodward, A. R. (1994). Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 680-688.
    • (1994) Health Perspect. , vol.102 , pp. 680-688
    • Guillette, L.J.1    Gross, T.S.2    Masson, G.R.3    Matter, J.M.4    Percival, H.F.5    Woodward, A.R.6
  • 39
    • 0006270881 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of the immune response: Studies on some physical, chemical, and serologic characteristics of antibody produced in the turtle
    • Grey, H. (1963). Phylogeny of the immune response: Studies on some physical, chemical, and serologic characteristics of antibody produced in the turtle. J. Immunol. 91, 819-825.
    • (1963) J. Immunol. , vol.91 , pp. 819-825
    • Grey, H.1
  • 40
    • 0031944925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation, selection, and memory in B lymphocytes of exothermic vertebrates
    • Hsu, E. (1998). Mutation, selection, and memory in B lymphocytes of exothermic vertebrates. Immunol. Rev. 162, 25-36.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.162 , pp. 25-36
    • Hsu, E.1
  • 41
    • 0018177805 scopus 로고
    • Effect of seasonal variation on lymphoid tissues of the lizards, Mabuya Quinquetaeniata licht and Uromastyx aegyptia forsk
    • Hussein, M. F., Badir, N., El Ridi, R. and Akef, M. (1978). Effect of seasonal variation on lymphoid tissues of the lizards, Mabuya Quinquetaeniata licht and Uromastyx aegyptia forsk. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2, 469-478.
    • (1978) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 469-478
    • Hussein, M.F.1    Badir, N.2    El Ridi, R.3    Akef, M.4
  • 42
    • 0018398196 scopus 로고
    • Effect of splenectomy on the humoral immune response in the lizard, Scincus scincus
    • Hussein, M. F., Badir, N., El Ridi, R. and El Deeb, S. (1979a). Effect of splenectomy on the humoral immune response in the lizard, Scincus scincus. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.35, 869-870.
    • (1979) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 869-870
    • Hussein, M.F.1    Badir, N.2    El Ridi, R.3    El Deeb, S.4
  • 43
    • 0002490772 scopus 로고
    • Effect of seasonal variation on immune system of the lizard, Scincus scincus
    • Hussein, M. F., Badir, N., El Ridi, R. and El Deeb, S. (1979b). Effect of seasonal variation on immune system of the lizard, Scincus scincus. J. Exp. Zool. 209, 91-96.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.209 , pp. 91-96
    • Hussein, M.F.1    Badir, N.2    El Ridi, R.3    El Deeb, S.4
  • 44
    • 0020759136 scopus 로고
    • The humoral immune response of the spiny-tailed agamid lizard (Agama Caudospinosum) to injection with Leishmania agamae promastigotes
    • Ingram, G. A. and Molyneux, D. H. (1983). The humoral immune response of the spiny-tailed agamid lizard (Agama Caudospinosum) to injection with Leishmania agamae promastigotes. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 4, 479-491.
    • (1983) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.4 , pp. 479-491
    • Ingram, G.A.1    Molyneux, D.H.2
  • 46
    • 0036090142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental temperature on the susceptibility of Xenopus laevis and X. wittei (Anura) to Protopolystoma xenopodis (Monogenea
    • Jackson, J. A. and Tinsley, R. C. (2002). Effects of environmental temperature on the susceptibility of Xenopus laevis and X. wittei (Anura) to Protopolystoma xenopodis (Monogenea). Parasitol. Res. 88, 632-638.
    • (2002) Parasitol. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 632-638
    • Jackson, J.A.1    Tinsley, R.C.2
  • 47
    • 0003160859 scopus 로고
    • Reptiles and birds
    • ed. R. J. Turner. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • Jurd, R. D. (1994). Reptiles and birds. In Immunology: A Comparative Approach (ed. R. J. Turner), pp. 137-172. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • (1994) In Immunology: A Comparative Approach , pp. 137-172
    • Jurd, R.D.1
  • 48
    • 0015510922 scopus 로고
    • Effect of splenectomy on the immune response in the lizard, Calotes versicolor
    • Kanakambika, P. and Muthukkaruppan, V. R. (1972a). Effect of splenectomy on the immune response in the lizard, Calotes versicolor. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 28, 1225-1226.
    • (1972) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 1225-1226
    • Kanakambika, P.1    Muthukkaruppan, V.R.2
  • 49
    • 0015395658 scopus 로고
    • The immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard Calotes versicolor
    • Kanakambika, P. and Muthukkaruppan, V. R. (1972b). The immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard Calotes versicolor. J. Immunol. 109, 415-420.
    • (1972) J. Immunol. , vol.109 , pp. 415-420
    • Kanakambika, P.1    Muthukkaruppan, V.R.2
  • 50
    • 0036485175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefinition of lymphoid progenitors
    • Katsura, Y. (2002). Redefinition of lymphoid progenitors. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 1-6.
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 1-6
    • Katsura, Y.1
  • 51
    • 0013676630 scopus 로고
    • MHC molecules of ectothermic vertebrates
    • (ed. G. W. Warr and N. Cohen), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Kaufman, J., Flajnik, M. and Du Pasquier, L. (1991). MHC molecules of ectothermic vertebrates. In Phylogenesis Of Immune Functions (ed. G. W. Warr and N. Cohen), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (1991) Phylogenesis of Immune Functions
    • Kaufman, J.1    Flajnik, M.2    Du Pasquier, L.3
  • 52
    • 11144289167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: Comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity
    • Keller, J. M., McClellan-Green, P. D., Lee, A. M., Arendt, M. D., Maier, P. P., Segars, A. L., Whitaker, J. D., Keil, D. E. and Peden-Adams, M. M. (2005). Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 103, 269-281.
    • (2005) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.103 , pp. 269-281
    • Keller, J.M.1    McClellan-Green, P.D.2    Lee, A.M.3    Arendt, M.D.4    Maier, P.P.5    Segars, A.L.6    Whitaker, J.D.7    Keil, D.E.8    Peden-Adams, M.M.9
  • 53
    • 30344485168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of organochlorine contaminants on loggerhead sea turtle immunity: Comparison of a correlative field study and in vitro exposure experiments
    • Keller, J. M., McClellan-Green, P. D., Kucklick, J. R., Keil, D. E. and Peden-Adams, M. M. (2006). Effects of organochlorine contaminants on loggerhead sea turtle immunity: comparison of a correlative field study and in vitro exposure experiments. Environ. Health Perspect. 114, 70-76.
    • (2006) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.114 , pp. 70-76
    • Keller, J.M.1    McClellan-Green, P.D.2    Kucklick, J.R.3    Keil, D.E.4    Peden-Adams, M.M.5
  • 54
    • 9644269166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection
    • Klein, S. L. (2004). Hormonal and immunological mechanisms mediating sex differences in parasite infection. Parasite Immunol. 26, 247-264.
    • (2004) Parasite Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 247-264
    • Klein, S.L.1
  • 55
    • 0026492402 scopus 로고
    • Fever revisited
    • Kluger, M. J. (1992). Fever revisited. Pediatrics 90, 846-850.
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.90 , pp. 846-850
    • Kluger, M.J.1
  • 57
    • 0020326898 scopus 로고
    • The architecture of the spleen of the red-eared slider, Chrysemys scripta elegans (Reptilia, Testudines
    • Kroese, F. G. M. and Van Rooijen, N. (1982). The architecture of the spleen of the red-eared slider, Chrysemys scripta elegans (Reptilia, Testudines). J. Morphol. 173, 279-284.
    • (1982) J. Morphol. , vol.173 , pp. 279-284
    • Kroese, F.G.M.1    Van Rooijen, N.2
  • 58
    • 0026527391 scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of cell replacement in hibernators
    • Kruman, I. I. (1992). Comparative analysis of cell replacement in hibernators. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101A, 11-18.
    • (1992) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.101 A , pp. 11-18
    • Kruman, I.I.1
  • 60
    • 0036195121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and analysis of an interleukin 8-like molecule in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
    • Laing, K. J., Zou, J. J., Wang, T., Bols, N., Hirono, I., Aoki, T. and Secombes, C. J. (2002). Identification and analysis of an interleukin 8-like molecule in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 26, 433-444.
    • (2002) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 433-444
    • Laing, K.J.1    Zou, J.J.2    Wang, T.3    Bols, N.4    Hirono, I.5    Aoki, T.6    Secombes, C.J.7
  • 62
    • 0031936450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of temperature on specific and nonspecific immune defenses in fish
    • Le Morvan, C., Troutaud, D. and Deschaux, P. (1998). Differential effects of temperature on specific and nonspecific immune defenses in fish. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 165-168.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.201 , pp. 165-168
    • Le Morvan, C.1    Troutaud, D.2    Deschaux, P.3
  • 63
    • 33750949541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking immune defenses and life history at the levels of the individual and the species
    • Lee, K. A. (2006). Linking immune defenses and life history at the levels of the individual and the species. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46, 1000-1015.
    • (2006) Integr. Comp. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 1000-1015
    • Lee, K.A.1
  • 64
    • 0015350886 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function
    • Leslie, G. A. and Clem, L. W. (1972). Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function. J. Immunol. 6, 1656-1664.
    • (1972) J. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 1656-1664
    • Leslie, G.A.1    Clem, L.W.2
  • 65
    • 39449112512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors-taking an evolutionary approach
    • Leulier, F. and Lemaitre, B. (2008). Toll-like receptors-taking an evolutionary approach. Nature Rev. Genet. 9, 165-178.
    • (2008) Nature Rev. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 165-178
    • Leulier, F.1    Lemaitre, B.2
  • 68
    • 0019252240 scopus 로고
    • 'Natural' antibodies to chicken MHC antigens are present in mice, rats, humans, alligators and allogeneic chickens
    • Longenecker, B. M. and Mosmann, T. R. (1980). 'Natural' antibodies to chicken MHC antigens are present in mice, rats, humans, alligators and allogeneic chickens. Immunogenetics, 11, 293-302.
    • (1980) Immunogenetics , vol.11 , pp. 293-302
    • Longenecker, B.M.1    Mosmann, T.R.2
  • 69
    • 29144508397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a better cell-mediated immune response
    • López, P. and Martín, J. (2005). Female Iberian wall lizards prefer male scents that signal a better cell-mediated immune response. Biol. Lett. 1, 404-406.
    • (2005) Biol. Lett. , vol.1 , pp. 404-406
    • López, P.1    Martín, J.2
  • 71
    • 33847322062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do 'infectious' prey select for high levels of natural antibodies in tropical pythons?
    • Madsen, T., Ujvari, B., Nandakumar, K. S., Hasselquist, D. and Holmdahl, R. (2007). Do 'infectious' prey select for high levels of natural antibodies in tropical pythons? Evol. Ecol. 21, 271-279.
    • (2007) Evol Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 271-279
    • Madsen, T.1    Ujvari, B.2    Nandakumar, K.S.3    Hasselquist, D.4    Holmdahl, R.5
  • 73
    • 67649818058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: Timing is everything
    • Martin, L. B. (2009). Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: timing is everything. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 163, 70-76.
    • (2009) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.163 , pp. 70-76
    • Martin, L.B.1
  • 74
    • 33646584149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: Histological support for a classic immunoecological technique
    • Martin, L. B., Han, P., Lewittes, J., Kuhlman, J. R., Klasing, K. C. and Wikelski, M. (2006). Phytohemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in birds: histological support for a classic immunoecological technique. Funct. Ecol. 20, 290-299.
    • (2006) Funct. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 290-299
    • Martin, L.B.1    Han, P.2    Lewittes, J.3    Kuhlman, J.R.4    Klasing, K.C.5    Wikelski, M.6
  • 75
    • 37049015105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in vertebrate immune activity: Mediation by physiological trade-offs
    • Martin, L. B., Weil, Z. M. and Nelson, R. J. (2008). Seasonal changes in vertebrate immune activity: mediation by physiological trade-offs. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. B. 363, 321-339.
    • (2008) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. B. , vol.363 , pp. 321-339
    • Martin, L.B.1    Weil, Z.M.2    Nelson, R.J.3
  • 76
    • 0020316577 scopus 로고
    • Interferon-mediated persistent infection of Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in a reptilian cell line
    • Mathews, J. H. and Vorndam, A. V. (1982). Interferon-mediated persistent infection of Saint Louis Encephalitis virus in a reptilian cell line. J. Gen. Virol. 61, 177-186.
    • (1982) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.61 , pp. 177-186
    • Mathews, J.H.1    Vorndam, A.V.2
  • 77
    • 0032417505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What brought the adaptive immune system to vertebrates? the jaw hypothesis and the seahorse
    • Matsunaga, T. and Rahman, A. (1998). What brought the adaptive immune system to vertebrates? The jaw hypothesis and the seahorse. Immunol. Rev. 166, 177-186.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.166 , pp. 177-186
    • Matsunaga, T.1    Rahman, A.2
  • 79
    • 33645037967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of serum complement activity of saltwater (Crocodylus porosus) and freshwater (Crocodylus johnstoni) crocodiles
    • Merchant, M. and Britton, A. (2006). Characterization of serum complement activity of saltwater (Crocodylus porosus) and freshwater (Crocodylus johnstoni) crocodiles. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 143, 488-493.
    • (2006) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.143 , pp. 488-493
    • Merchant, M.1    Britton, A.2
  • 80
    • 0242334116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial properties of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Merchant, M., Roche, C., Elsey, R. M. and Prudhomme, J. (2003). Antibacterial properties of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 136, 505-513.
    • (2003) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.136 , pp. 505-513
    • Merchant, M.1    Roche, C.2    Elsey, R.M.3    Prudhomme, J.4
  • 81
    • 14244260322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amoebacidal effects of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Merchant, M., Thibodeaux, D., Lubser, K. and Elsey, R. M. (2004). Amoebacidal effects of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J. Parasitol. 90, 1480-1483.
    • (2004) J. Parasitol. , vol.90 , pp. 1480-1483
    • Merchant, M.1    Thibodeaux, D.2    Lubser, K.3    Elsey, R.M.4
  • 82
    • 15244345580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activity of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Merchant, M., Pallansch, M., Paulman, R. L., Wells, J. B., Nalca, A. and Ptak, R. (2005). Antiviral activity of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Antiviral Res. 66, 35-38.
    • (2005) Antiviral Res. , vol.66 , pp. 35-38
    • Merchant, M.1    Pallansch, M.2    Paulman, R.L.3    Wells, J.B.4    Nalca, A.5    Ptak, R.6
  • 83
  • 84
    • 33646548940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC class i genes in the Tuatara (Sphenodon spp.): Evolution of the MHC in an ancient reptilian order
    • Miller, H. C., Belov, K. and Daugherty, C. H. (2006). MHC class I genes in the Tuatara (Sphenodon spp.): evolution of the MHC in an ancient reptilian order. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23, 949-956.
    • (2006) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 949-956
    • Miller, H.C.1    Belov, K.2    Daugherty, C.H.3
  • 85
    • 0034978117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro effect of temperature on phagocytic and cytotoxic activities of splenic phagocytes of the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis
    • Mondal, S. and Rai, U. (2001). In vitro effect of temperature on phagocytic and cytotoxic activities of splenic phagocytes of the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 129, 391-398.
    • (2001) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.129 , pp. 391-398
    • Mondal, S.1    Rai, U.2
  • 86
    • 0036474313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro effect of sex steroids on cytotoxic activity of splenic macrophages in wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis)
    • Mondal, S. and Rai, U. (2002). In vitro effect of sex steroids on cytotoxic activity of splenic macrophages in wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 125, 264-271.
    • (2002) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.125 , pp. 264-271
    • Mondal, S.1    Rai, U.2
  • 87
    • 0023898748 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pathology of inflammation in the higher vertebrates (Reptiles, birds and mammals
    • Montali, R. J. (1988). Comparative pathology of inflammation in the higher vertebrates (Reptiles, birds and mammals). J. Comp. Pathol. 99, 1-26.
    • (1988) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.99 , pp. 1-26
    • Montali, R.J.1
  • 88
    • 0034841526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the seasonal cycle on the splenic leukocyte functions in the turtle Mauremys caspica
    • Muñoz, F. J. and De la Fuente, M. (2001). The effect of the seasonal cycle on the splenic leukocyte functions in the turtle Mauremys caspica. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 74, 660-667.
    • (2001) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 660-667
    • Muñoz, F.J.1    De La Fuente, M.2
  • 91
    • 0021834097 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and ontogeny of B cells in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor
    • Natarajan, K. and Muthukkaruppan, V. R. (1985). Distribution and ontogeny of B cells in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 9, 301-310.
    • (1985) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 301-310
    • Natarajan, K.1    Muthukkaruppan, V.R.2
  • 92
    • 1642414421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal immune function and sickness responses
    • Nelson, R. J. (2004). Seasonal immune function and sickness responses. Trends Immunol. 25, 187-192.
    • (2004) Trends Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 187-192
    • Nelson, R.J.1
  • 93
    • 0034057003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological immunology: Life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds
    • Norris, K. and Evans, M. R. (2000). Ecological immunology: life history trade-offs and immune defense in birds. Behav. Ecol. 11, 19-26.
    • (2000) Behav. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 19-26
    • Norris, K.1    Evans, M.R.2
  • 94
    • 0034508025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural antibodies and complement link innate and acquired immunity
    • Ochsenbein, A. F. and Zinkernagel, R. M. (2000). Natural antibodies and complement link innate and acquired immunity. Immunol. Today 21, 624-630.
    • (2000) Immunol. Today , vol.21 , pp. 624-630
    • Ochsenbein, A.F.1    Zinkernagel, R.M.2
  • 96
    • 33746167805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgD, like IgM, is a primordial immunoglobulin class perpetuated in most jawed vertebrates
    • Ohta, Y. and Flajnik, M. (2006). IgD, like IgM, is a primordial immunoglobulin class perpetuated in most jawed vertebrates. PNAS 103, 10723-10728.
    • (2006) PNAS , vol.103 , pp. 10723-10728
    • Ohta, Y.1    Flajnik, M.2
  • 97
    • 16844386974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of testosterone on immunocompetence, parasite load, and metabolism in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
    • Oppliger, A., Giorgi, M. S., Conelli, A., Nembrini, M. and John-Alder, H. B. (2004). Effect of testosterone on immunocompetence, parasite load, and metabolism in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Can. J. Zool. 82, 1713-1719.
    • (2004) Can. J. Zool. , vol.82 , pp. 1713-1719
    • Oppliger, A.1    Giorgi, M.S.2    Conelli, A.3    Nembrini, M.4    John-Alder, H.B.5
  • 98
    • 52649119655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reptile immunology
    • ed. E. R. Jacobson. New York: Taylor & Francis
    • Orrigi, F. C. (2007). Reptile Immunology. In Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles (ed. E. R. Jacobson), pp. 131-166. New York: Taylor & Francis.
    • (2007) Infectious Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles , pp. 131-166
    • Orrigi, F.C.1
  • 99
    • 0034823996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting herpesvirus exposure in Mediterranean tortoises (spur-thighed tortoise [Testudograeca] and Hermann's tortoise [Testuto hermanni]
    • Origgi, F. C., Klein, P. A., Mathes, K., Blahak, S., Marschang, R. E., Tucker, S. J. and Jacobson, E. R. (2001). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting herpesvirus exposure in Mediterranean tortoises (spur-thighed tortoise [Testudograeca] and Hermann's tortoise [Testuto hermanni]). J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 3156-3163.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 3156-3163
    • Origgi, F.C.1    Klein, P.A.2    Mathes, K.3    Blahak, S.4    Marschang, R.E.5    Tucker, S.J.6    Jacobson, E.R.7
  • 100
    • 3142616423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey
    • Pancer, Z., Amemiya, C. T., Ehrhardt, G. R. A., Ceitlin, J., Gartland, G. L. and Cooper, M. D. (2004). Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey. Nature 430, 174-180.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 174-180
    • Pancer, Z.1    Amemiya, C.T.2    Ehrhardt, G.R.A.3    Ceitlin, J.4    Gartland, G.L.5    Cooper, M.D.6
  • 101
    • 11144243799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-host pathogen effectss on mortality and behavioral responses to predators in salamanders (Urodela: Ambystomatidae)
    • Parris, M. J., Davis, A. and Collins, J. P. (2004). Single-host pathogen effectss on mortality and behavioral responses to predators in salamanders (Urodela: Ambystomatidae). Can. J. Zool. 82, 1477-1483.
    • (2004) Can. J. Zool. , vol.82 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Parris, M.J.1    Davis, A.2    Collins, J.P.3
  • 102
    • 76749141698 scopus 로고
    • Role of the thymus in the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard Calotes versicolor
    • Pitchappan, R. M. and Muthukkaruppan, V. R. (1977). Role of the thymus in the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in the lizard Calotes versicolor. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 85, 25-33.
    • (1977) Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 25-33
    • Pitchappan, R.M.1    Muthukkaruppan, V.R.2
  • 104
    • 0038601509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental inoculation of broad-nosed caimans (Caiman latirostris) and Siamese crocodiles (Crocodyllus siamensis) with Mycoplasma alligatoris
    • Pye, G. W., Brown, D. R., Nogueira, M. F., Vliet, K. A., Schoeb, T. R. and Bennett, R. A. (2001). Experimental inoculation of broad-nosed caimans (Caiman latirostris) and Siamese crocodiles (Crocodyllus siamensis) with Mycoplasma alligatoris. J. Zoo. Wildl. Med. 32, 196-201.
    • (2001) J. Zoo. Wildl. Med. , vol.32 , pp. 196-201
    • Pye, G.W.1    Brown, D.R.2    Nogueira, M.F.3    Vliet, K.A.4    Schoeb, T.R.5    Bennett, R.A.6
  • 105
    • 63949086399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of interleukin-8 gene in Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus)
    • Qiu, L., Zhang, H., Yang, K. and Jiang, S. (2009). Molecular cloning and mRNA expression analysis of interleukin-8 gene in Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus). Mol. Biol. Rep. 36, 1099-1105.
    • (2009) Mol. Biol. Rep. , vol.36 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Qiu, L.1    Zhang, H.2    Yang, K.3    Jiang, S.4
  • 106
    • 33748436087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative effects of changing temperature on amphibian immunity under field conditions
    • Rafffel, T. R., Rohr, J. R., Kiesecker, J. M. and Hudson, P. J. (2006). Negative effects of changing temperature on amphibian immunity under field conditions. Func. Ecol. 20, 819-828.
    • (2006) Func. Ecol. , vol.20 , pp. 819-828
    • Rafffel, T.R.1    Rohr, J.R.2    Kiesecker, J.M.3    Hudson, P.J.4
  • 108
    • 66349116178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative and developmental study of the immune system in Xenopus
    • Robert, J. and Ohta, Y. (2009). Comparative and developmental study of the immune system in Xenopus. Dev. Dyn. 238, 1249-1270.
    • (2009) Dev. Dyn. , vol.238 , pp. 1249-1270
    • Robert, J.1    Ohta, Y.2
  • 109
    • 0035720067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and gender on immune function of dragonflies (Odonata, Lestidae) from a wild population
    • Rolff, J. (2001). Effects of age and gender on immune function of dragonflies (Odonata, Lestidae) from a wild population. Can. J. Zool. 79, 2176-2180.
    • (2001) Can. J. Zool. , vol.79 , pp. 2176-2180
    • Rolff, J.1
  • 110
    • 0032429004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metamorphosis and the amphibian immune system
    • Rollins-Smith, L. A. (1998). Metamorphosis and the amphibian immune system. Immunol. Rev. 166, 221-230.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.166 , pp. 221-230
    • Rollins-Smith, L.A.1
  • 111
    • 0024675963 scopus 로고
    • Sex-associated differences in the mitogenic responsiveness of snake blood lymphocytes
    • Saad, A. H. (1989). Sex-associated differences in the mitogenic responsiveness of snake blood lymphocytes. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 13, 225-229.
    • (1989) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.13 , pp. 225-229
    • Saad, A.H.1
  • 112
    • 2942572690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen, a double-edged sword: Modulation of TH1-and TH2-mediated inflammations by differential regulation of TH1/TH2 cytokine production
    • Salem, M. L. (2004). Estrogen, a double-edged sword: modulation of TH1-and TH2-mediated inflammations by differential regulation of TH1/TH2 cytokine production. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy 3, 97-104.
    • (2004) Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy , vol.3 , pp. 97-104
    • Salem, M.L.1
  • 113
    • 33747194687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological activity of cytokines: An evolutionary perspective
    • Scapigliati, G., Buonocore, F. and Mazzini, M. (2006). Biological activity of cytokines: an evolutionary perspective. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 3071-3081.
    • (2006) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.12 , pp. 3071-3081
    • Scapigliati, G.1    Buonocore, F.2    Mazzini, M.3
  • 114
    • 0842324554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interferon system of nonmammalian vertebrates
    • Schultz, U., Kaspers, B. and Staeheli, P. (2004). The interferon system of nonmammalian vertebrates. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28, 499-508.
    • (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.28 , pp. 499-508
    • Schultz, U.1    Kaspers, B.2    Staeheli, P.3
  • 115
    • 30644471421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of complement in innate and autoimmunity
    • Seelen, M. A. J., Roos, A. and Daha, M. R. (2005). Role of complement in innate and autoimmunity. J. Nephrol. 18, 642-653.
    • (2005) J. Nephrol. , vol.18 , pp. 642-653
    • Seelen, M.A.J.1    Roos, A.2    Daha, M.R.3
  • 116
    • 33947708831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in birds: A literature review and new data from great tits and European starlings
    • Snoeijs, T., Eens, M., Van Den Steen, E. and Pinxten, R. (2007). Kinetics of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in birds: a literature review and new data from great tits and European starlings. Anim. Biol. 57, 79-95.
    • (2007) Anim. Biol. , vol.57 , pp. 79-95
    • Snoeijs, T.1    Eens, M.2    Van Den Steen, E.3    Pinxten, R.4
  • 117
    • 70349909511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of life-history theories of immune defence in two ecotypes of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans
    • Sparkman, A. M. and Palacios, M. G. (2009). A test of life-history theories of immune defence in two ecotypes of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. J. Anim. Ecol. 78, 1242-1248.
    • (2009) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.78 , pp. 1242-1248
    • Sparkman, A.M.1    Palacios, M.G.2
  • 119
    • 0032433172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and diversity of the complement system of poikilothermic vertebrates
    • Sunyer, J. O. and Lambris, J. D. (1998). Evolution and diversity of the complement system of poikilothermic vertebrates. Immunol. Rev. 166, 39-57.
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.166 , pp. 39-57
    • Sunyer, J.O.1    Lambris, J.D.2
  • 120
    • 0021186757 scopus 로고
    • Anti-immunoglobulin induced histamine release from naturally abundant basophils in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentine
    • Sypek, J. P., Borysenko, M. and Findlay, S. R. (1984). Anti-immunoglobulin induced histamine release from naturally abundant basophils in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 8, 359-366.
    • (1984) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 359-366
    • Sypek, J.P.1    Borysenko, M.2    Findlay, S.R.3
  • 121
    • 20344371900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into thymic aging and regeneration
    • Taub, D. D. and Longo, D. L. (2005). Insights into thymic aging and regeneration. Immunol. Rev. 205, 72-93.
    • (2005) Immunol. Rev. , vol.205 , pp. 72-93
    • Taub, D.D.1    Longo, D.L.2
  • 123
    • 13844322065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cathelicidins - Structure, function, and evolution
    • Tomasinsig, L. and Zanetti, M. (2005). The Cathelicidins - structure, function, and evolution. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 6, 23-34.
    • (2005) Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 23-34
    • Tomasinsig, L.1    Zanetti, M.2
  • 124
    • 0034748523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of induced inflammation in the Brazilian boa (Boa constrictor constrictor
    • Tucunduva, M., Borelli, P. and Silva, M. C. (2001). Experimental study of induced inflammation in the Brazilian boa (Boa constrictor constrictor). J. Comp. Pathol. 125, 174-181.
    • (2001) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.125 , pp. 174-181
    • Tucunduva, M.1    Borelli, P.2    Silva, M.C.3
  • 125
    • 0029967747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation of antibody diversity in the turtle
    • Turchin, A. and Hsu, E. (1996). The generation of antibody diversity in the turtle. J. Immunol. 156, 3797-3805.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 3797-3805
    • Turchin, A.1    Hsu, E.2
  • 126
    • 28544441767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, parasites, and condition affect humoral immune response in tropical pythons
    • Ujvari, B. and Madsen, T. (2005). Age, parasites, and condition affect humoral immune response in tropical pythons. Behav. Ecol. 17, 20-24.
    • (2005) Behav. Ecol. , vol.17 , pp. 20-24
    • Ujvari, B.1    Madsen, T.2
  • 128
    • 52449125862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotic
    • Wang, Y., Hong, J., Liu, X., Yang, H., Liu, R., Wu, J., Wang, A., Lin, D. and Lai, R. (2008). Snake cathelicidin from Bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotic. PLoS One 3, e3217.
    • (2008) PLoS One , vol.3
    • Wang, Y.1    Hong, J.2    Liu, X.3    Yang, H.4    Liu, R.5    Wu, J.6    Wang, A.7    Lin, D.8    Lai, R.9
  • 129
    • 0029155781 scopus 로고
    • IgY: Clues to the origins of modern antibodies
    • Warr, G. W., Magor, K. E. and Higgins, D. A. (1995). IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies. Immunol. Today 16, 392-398.
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 392-398
    • Warr, G.W.1    Magor, K.E.2    Higgins, D.A.3
  • 131
    • 0034704978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing humoral and cell-mediated immune response in Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas
    • Work, T. M., Balazs, G. H., Rameyer, R. A., Chang, S. P. and Berestecky, J. (2000). Assessing humoral and cell-mediated immune response in Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 74, 179-194.
    • (2000) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.74 , pp. 179-194
    • Work, T.M.1    Balazs, G.H.2    Rameyer, R.A.3    Chang, S.P.4    Berestecky, J.5
  • 132
    • 51549106857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional homology among chicken, duck, goose, turkey and pigeon interleukin-8 proteins
    • Wu, Y. F., Shien, J. H., Yin, H. H., Chiow, S. H. and Lee, L. H. (2008). Structural and functional homology among chicken, duck, goose, turkey and pigeon interleukin-8 proteins. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 125, 205-215.
    • (2008) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.125 , pp. 205-215
    • Wu, Y.F.1    Shien, J.H.2    Yin, H.H.3    Chiow, S.H.4    Lee, L.H.5
  • 133
    • 0019817685 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of splenic white pulp of the turtle, Mauremys caspica
    • Zapata, A. G., Leceta, J. and Barrutia, M. G. (1981a). Ultrastructure of splenic white pulp of the turtle, Mauremys caspica. Cell Tissue Res. 220, 845-855.
    • (1981) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.220 , pp. 845-855
    • Zapata, A.G.1    Leceta, J.2    Barrutia, M.G.3
  • 134
    • 0019827461 scopus 로고
    • Reptilian bone marrow. An ultrastructural study in the Spanish lizard, Lacerta hispanica
    • Zapata, A. G., Leceta, J. and Villena, A. (1981b). Reptilian bone marrow. An ultrastructural study in the Spanish lizard, Lacerta hispanica. J. Morphol. 168, 137-149.
    • (1981) J. Morphol. , vol.168 , pp. 137-149
    • Zapata, A.G.1    Leceta, J.2    Villena, A.3
  • 135
    • 0026594144 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the immune system of lower vertebrates
    • Zapata, A. G., Varas, A. and Torroba, M. (1992). Seasonal variations in the immune system of lower vertebrates. Immunol. Today 13, 142-147.
    • (1992) Immunol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 142-147
    • Zapata, A.G.1    Varas, A.2    Torroba, M.3
  • 136
    • 64149108321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (IL-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene
    • Zhou, X., Guo, Q. and Dai, H. (2009). Molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (IL-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 33, 838-847.
    • (2009) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 838-847
    • Zhou, X.1    Guo, Q.2    Dai, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.