Radiotracer imaging of peripheral vascular disease

Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Volumn 54, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 2104-2110

  Stacy, Mitchel R ^a   Zhou, Wunan ^a   Sinusas, Albert J ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Perfusion; Peripheral vascular disease; PET; SPECT

Indexed keywords

BROMINE 76; COPPER TETRAXETAN C TYPE ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR C 64; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; FLURPIRIDAZ F 18; INDIUM VASCULOTROPIN 121 IN 111; MARACICLATIDE TC 99M; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; NITROGEN 15; OXYGEN 15; PYROPHOSPHATE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; SODIUM FLUORIDE F 18; TETROFOSMIN TC 99M; THALLIUM 201; TRACER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BINDING AFFINITY; CARDIAC IMAGING; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; HUMAN; LIMB BLOOD FLOW; LIMB PERFUSION; MOLECULAR IMAGING; NON INVASIVE MEASUREMENT; NONHUMAN; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOISOTOPE DIAGNOSIS; RADIOTRACER IMAGING; SCINTIANGIOGRAPHY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; ANIMAL; CIRCULATION; COMPLICATION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; PLAQUE, ATHEROSCLEROTIC; PROCEDURES; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; METHODOLOGY; PERFUSION; PET; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BLOOD CIRCULATION; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMANS; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; PLAQUE, ATHEROSCLEROTIC; RADIOACTIVE TRACERS;

ANGIOGENESIS; PERFUSION; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PET; SPECT;

EID: 84893345216     PISSN: 01615505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115105     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Leeper NJ, Kullo IJ, Cooke JP. Genetics of peripheral artery disease. Circulation. 2012;125:3220-3228.
2. Peach G, Griffin M, Jones KG, Thompson MM, Hinchliffe RJ. Diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease. BMJ. 2012;345:e5208.
3. Gregg EW, Sorlie P, Paulose-Ram R, et al. Prevalence of lower-extremity disease in the US adult population .540 years of age with and without diabetes: 1999-2000 national health and nutrition examination survey. Diabetes Care. 2004;27: 1591-1597.
4. Hooi JD, Stoffers HE, Kester AD, et al. Risk factors and cardiovascular diseases associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The Limburg PAOD study. Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1998;16:177-182.
5. Pollak AW, Norton PT, Kramer CM. Multimodality imaging of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: current role and future directions. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:797-807.
6. Wolfram RM, Budinsky AC, Sinzinger H. Assessment of peripheral arterial vascular disease with radionuclide techniques. Semin Nucl Med. 2001;31: 129-142.
7. Duet M, Virally M, Bailliart O, et al. Whole-body 201Tl scintigraphy can detect exercise lower limb perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic diabetic patients with normal Doppler pressure indices. Nucl Med Commun. 2001;22:949-954.
8. Goss DE, de Trafford J, Roberts VC, Flynn MD, Edmonds ME, Watkins PJ. Raised ankle/brachial pressure index in insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1989;6:576-578.
9. Ledermann H-P, Schulte A-C, Heidecker H-G, et al. Blood oxygenation leveldependent magnetic resonance imaging of the skeletal muscle in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Circulation. 2006;113:2929-2935.
10. Pollak AW, Meyer CH, Epstein FH, et al. Arterial spin labeling MR imaging reproducibly measures peak-exercise calf muscle perfusion: a study in patients with peripheral arterial disease and healthy volunteers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:1224-1230.
11. Isbell DC, Epstein FH, Zhong X, et al. Calf muscle perfusion at peak exercise in peripheral arterial disease: measurement by first-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:1013-1020.
12. Stacy MR, Maxfield MW, Sinusas AJ. Targeted molecular imaging of angiogenesis in PET and SPECT: a review. Yale J Biol Med. 2012;85:75-86.
13. Duran C, Bismuth J. Advanced imaging in limb salvage. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2012;8:28-32.
14. Waters RE, Terjung RL, Peters KG, Annex BH. Preclinical models of human peripheral arterial occlusive disease: implications for investigation of therapeutic agents. J Appl Physiol. 2004;97:773-780.
15. Kety SS. Measurement of regional circulation by the local clearance of radioactive sodium. Am Heart J. 1949;38:321-328.
16. Lassen NA, Lindberg J, Munck O. Measurement of blood flow through skeletal muscle by intramuscular injection of xenon-133. Lancet. 1964;1:686-689.
17. Cutajar CL, Brown NJ, Marston A. Muscle blood-flow studies by the technetium 99mTc clearance technique in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication. Br J Surg. 1971;58:532-537.
18. Rhodes BA, Greyson ND, Siegel ME, et al. The distribution of radioactive microspheres after intra-arterial injection in the legs of patients with peripheral vascular disease. AJR. 1973;118:820-826.
19. Coffman JD, Mannick JA. A simple objective test for arteriosclerosis obliterations. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1297-1301.
20. Sheda H, O'Hara I. Study in peripheral circulation using I-131 and macroaggregated serum albumin. J Exp Med. 1970;101:311-314.
21. Siegel ME, Stewart CA. Thallium-201 peripheral perfusion scans: feasibility of single-dose, single-day, rest and stress study. AJR. 1981;136:1179-1183.
22. Gehring PJ, Hammond PB. The interrelationship between thallium and potassium in animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1967;155:187-201.
23. Pagnanelli RA, Basso DA. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 201Tl. J Nucl Med Technol. 2010;38:1-3.
24. Oshima M, Akanabe H, Sakuma S, Yano T, Nishikimi N, Shionoya S. Quantification of leg muscle perfusion using thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography. J Nucl Med. 1989;30:458-465.
25. Earnshaw JJ, Hardy JG, Hopkinson BR, Makin GS. Non-invasive investigation of lower limb revascularisation using resting thallium peripheral perfusion imaging. Eur J Nucl Med. 1986;12:443-446.
26. Hamanaka D, Odori T, Maeda H, Ishii Y, Hayakawa K, Torizuka K. A quantitative assessment of scintigraphy of the legs using 201Tl. Eur J Nucl Med. 1984;9:12-16.
27. Kuśmierek J, Da?browski J, Bienkiewicz M, Szuminski R, Plachcinska A. Radionuclide assessment of lower limb perfusion using 99mTc-MIBI in early stages of atherosclerosis. Nucl Med Rev. 2006;9:18-23.
28. Kailasnath P, Sinusas AJ. Technetium-99m-labeled myocardial perfusion agents: are they better than thallium-201? Cardiol Rev. 2001;9:160-172.
29. Miles KA, Barber RW, Wraight EP, Cooper M, Appleton DS. Leg muscle scintigraphy with 99Tc-MIBI in the assessment of peripheral vascular (arterial) disease. Nucl Med Commun. 1992;13:593-603.
30. Bajnok L, Kozlovszky B, Varga J, Antalffy J, Olvaszto S, Fulop T Jr. Technetium- 99m sestamibi scintigraphy for the assessment of lower extremity ischaemia in peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:1326-1332.
31. Soyer H, Uslu I. A patient with peripheral arterial stenosis diagnosed with lower extremity perfusion scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med. 2007;32:458-459.
32. Schmidt MA, Chakrabarti A, Shamim-Uzzaman Q, Kaciroti N, Koeppe RA, Rajagopalan S. Calf flow reserve with H2 15O PET as a quantifiable index of lower extremity flow. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:915-919.
33. Scremin OU, Figoni SF, Norman K, et al. Preamputation evaluation of lowerlimb skeletal muscle perfusion with 15O H2O positron emission tomography. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;89:473-486.
34. Peñuelas I, Aranguren XL, Abizanda G, et al. 13N-ammonia PET as a measurement of hindlimb perfusion in a mouse model of peripheral artery occlusive disease. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:1216-1223.
35. Depairon M, Zicot M. The quantitation of blood flow/metabolism coupling at rest and after exercise in peripheral arterial insufficiency, using PET and 15-O labeled tracers. Angiology. 1996;47:991-999.
36. Depairon M, Depresseux J-C, Petermans J, Zicot M. Assessment of flow and oxygen delivery to the lower extremity in arterial insufficiency: a PET-scan study comparison with other methods. Angiology. 1991;42:788-795.
37. Nuutila P, Kalliokoski K. Use of positron emission tomography in the assessment of skeletal muscle and tendon metabolism and perfusion. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000;10:346-350.
38. Ament W, Lubbers J, Rakhorst G, et al. Skeletal muscle perfusion measured by positron emission tomography during exercise. Pflügers Arch. 1998;436:653-658.
39. Kalliokoski KK, Knuuti J, Nuutila P. Relationship between muscle blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise in endurance-trained and untrained men. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98:380-383.
40. Fischman AJ, Hsu H, Carter EA, et al. Regional measurement of canine skeletal muscle blood flow by positron emission tomography with H2 15O. J Appl Physiol. 2002;92:1709-1716.
41. Maddahi J. Properties of an ideal PET perfusion tracer: new PET tracer cases and data. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19(suppl):S30-S37.
42. Simons M. Angiogenesis: where do we stand now? Circulation. 2005;111:1556-1566.
43. Orbay H, Hong H, Zhang Y, Cai W. PET/SPECT imaging of hindlimb ischemia: focusing on angiogenesis and blood flow. Angiogenesis. 2013;16:279-287.
44. Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 2011;473:298-307.
45. Lu E, Wagner WR, Schellenberger U, et al. Targeted in vivo labeling of receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor: approach to identification of ischemic tissue. Circulation. 2003;108:97-103.
46. Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, et al. Monitoring of the biological response to murine hindlimb ischemia with 64Cu-labeled vascular endothelial growth factor- 121 positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2008;117:915-922.
47. Hua J, Dobrucki LW, Sadeghi MM, et al. Noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis with a 99mTc-labeled peptide targeted at alphavbeta3 integrin after murine hindlimb ischemia. Circulation. 2005;111:3255-3260.
48. Dobrucki LW, Dione DP, Kalinowski L, et al. Serial noninvasive targeted imaging of peripheral angiogenesis: validation and application of a semiautomated quantitative approach. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1356-1363.
49. Jeong JM, Hong MK, Chang YS, et al. Preparation of a promising angiogenesis PET imaging agent: 68Ga-labeled c(RGDyK)-isothiocyanatobenzyl1-1,4, 7-triazacyclononane- 1,4,7-triacetic acid and feasibility studies in mice. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:830-836.
50. Almutairi A, Rossin R, Shokeen M, et al. Biodegradable dendritic positronemitting nanoprobes for the noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:685-690.
51. Brooks PC, Clark RAF, Cheresh DA. Requirement of vascular integrin alpha v beta 3 for angiogenesis. Science. 1994;264:569-571.
52. Liu Y, Pressly ED, Abendschein DR, et al. Targeting angiogenesis using a C-type atrial natriuretic factor-conjugated nanoprobe and PET. J Nucl Med. 2011;52: 1956-1963.
53. Maack T, Suzuki M, Almeida FA, et al. Physiological role of silent receptors of atrial natriuretic factor. Science. 1987;238:675-678.
54. Sadeghi MM, Glover DK, Lanza GM, Fayad ZA, Johnson LL. Imaging atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(suppl):51S-65S.
55. Cavalcanti Filho JLG, de Souza Leão Lima R, de Souza Machado Neto L, Kayat Bittencourt L, Domingues RC, da Fonseca LMB. PET/CT and vascular disease: current concepts. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80:60-67.
56. Chen W, Bural GG, Torigian DA, Rader DJ, Alavi A. Emerging role of FDGPET/ CT in assessing atherosclerosis in large arteries. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36:144-151.
57. Cocker MS, Mc Ardle B, Spence JD, et al. Imaging atherosclerosis with hybrid [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging: what Leonardo da Vinci could not see. J Nucl Cardiol. 2012;19: 1211-1225.
58. Rudd JHF, Myers KS, Bansilal S, et al. Atherosclerosis inflammation imaging with 18F-FDG PET: carotid, iliac, and femoral uptake reproducibility, quantification methods, and recommendations. J Nucl Med. 2008;49:871-878.
59. Rudd JHF, Warburton EA, Fryer TD, et al. Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2002;105:2708-2711.
60. Myers KS, Rudd JHF, Hailman EP, et al. Correlation between arterial FDG uptake and biomarkers in peripheral artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:38-45.
61. Yun M, Yeh D, Araujo LI, Jang S, Newberg A, Alavi A. F-18 FDG uptake in the large arteries: a new observation. Clin Nucl Med. 2001;26:314-319.
62. Yun M, Jang S, Cucchiara A, Newberg AB, Alavi A. 18F FDG uptake in the large arteries: a correlation study with the atherogenic risk factors. Semin Nucl Med. 2002;32:70-76.
63. Rominger A, Saam T, Wolpers S, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT identifies patients at risk for future vascular events in an otherwise asymptomatic cohort with neoplastic disease. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:1611-1620.
64. Hag AMF, Ripa RS, Pedersen SF, Bodholdt RP, Kjaer A. Small animal positron emission tomography imaging and in vivo studies of atherosclerosis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2013;33:173-185.
65. Liu Y, Abendschein D, Woodard GE, et al. Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with 64Cu-labeled natriuretic peptide and PET. J NuclMed. 2010;51:85-91.
66. Derlin T, Richter U, Bannas P, et al. Feasibility of 18F-sodium fluoride PET/CT for imaging of atherosclerosis plaque. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:862-865.
67. Derlin T, Habermann CR, Lengyel Z, et al. Feasibility of 11C-acetate PET/CT for imaging of fatty acid synthesis in the atherosclerotic vessel wall. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1848-1854.
68. Rondina MT, Lam UT, Pendleton RC, et al. 18F-FDG PET in the evaluation of acuity of deep vein thrombosis. Clin Nucl Med. 2012;37:1139-1145.
69. Muto P, Lastoria S, Varrella P, et al. Detecting deep venous thrombosis with technetium-99m-labeled synthetic peptide P280. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:1384-1391.
70. Dunzinger A, Hafner F, Schaffler G, Piswanger-Soelkner JC, Brodmann M, Lipp RW. 99mTc-apcitide scintigraphy in patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35:2082-2087.
71. Butler SP, Boyd SJ, Parkes SL, Quinn RJ. Technetium-99m-modified recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to detect deep venous thrombosis. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:744-748.
72. Zierler BK. Ultrasonography and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004;109(12, suppl 1)I9-I14.
73. Naghavi M, John R, Naguib S, et al. pH heterogeneity of human and rabbit atherosclerotic plaques; a new insight into detection of vulnerable plaque. Atherosclerosis. 2002;164:27-35.
74. Sinusas AJ. The potential for myocardial imaging with hypoxia markers. Semin Nucl Med. 1999;29:330-338.
75. Sosunov EA, Anyukhovsky EP, Sosunov AA, et al. pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) targets ischemic myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110: 82-86.
76. Yip TC, Houle S, Tittley JG, Walker PM. Quantification of skeletal muscle necrosis in the lower extremities using 99mTc pyrophosphate with single photon emission computed tomography. Nucl Med Commun. 1992;13:47-52.
77. Lee KH, Jung K, Song S, et al. Radiolabeled RGD uptake and alpha v integrin expression is enhanced in ischemic murine hindlimbs. J Nucl Med. 2005;46: 472-478.