메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 111-116

Promise of Pharmacogenomics for Drug Discovery, Treatment and Prevention of Parkinson's Disease. A Perspective

Author keywords

Drug discovery; Parkinson's disease; Pharmacogenomics; Prevention; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING) ISOENZYME A; AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING) ISOENZYME B; CAFFEINE; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; DJ 1 PROTEIN; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 3 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 5 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; ENTACAPONE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ISTRADEFYLLINE; LEUCINE RICH REPEAT KINASE 2; LEVODOPA; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR 2A; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NICOTINE; PRELADENANT; TOLCAPONE;

EID: 84893108288     PISSN: 19337213     EISSN: 18787479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0237-y     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 41249095982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of symptomatic medical therapy in Parkinson's disease
    • Factor SA. Current status of symptomatic medical therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2008;5(2): 164-80.
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 164-180
    • Factor, S.A.1
  • 2
    • 0016772506 scopus 로고
    • Five years' treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. Therapeutic results and survival of 100 patients
    • Sweet RD, McDowell FH. Five years' treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa. Therapeutic results and survival of 100 patients. Ann Intern Med 1975;83: 456-63.
    • (1975) Ann Intern Med , vol.83 , pp. 456-463
    • Sweet, R.D.1    McDowell, F.H.2
  • 3
    • 19744378296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa033447
    • Fahn S, Oakes D, Shoulson I, et al. Levodopa and the progression of Parkinson's disease. NEJM. 2004;351(24): 2498-508. doi: 10. 1056/NEJMoa033447.
    • (2004) Nejm , vol.351 , Issue.24 , pp. 2498-2508
    • Fahn, S.1    Oakes, D.2    Shoulson, I.3
  • 4
    • 0035353725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature
    • Ahlskog JE, Muenter MD. Frequency of levodopa-related dyskinesias and motor fluctuations as estimated from the cumulative literature. Mov Disord 2001;16(3): 448-58.
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-458
    • Ahlskog, J.E.1    Muenter, M.D.2
  • 6
    • 67651160657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection trials in Parkinson's disease: systematic review
    • doi:10.1002/mds.22432
    • Hart RG, Pearce LA, Ravina BM, Yaltho TC, Marler JR. Neuroprotection trials in Parkinson's disease: systematic review. Mov Disord 2009;24: 647-54. doi: 10. 1002/mds. 22432.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 647-654
    • Hart, R.G.1    Pearce, L.A.2    Ravina, B.M.3    Yaltho, T.C.4    Marler, J.R.5
  • 7
    • 84880453290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics in early-phase clinical development
    • doi:10.2217/pgs.13.81
    • Burt T, Dhillon S. Pharmacogenomics in early-phase clinical development. Pharmacogenomics 2013;14: 1085-97. doi: 10. 2217/pgs. 13. 81.
    • (2013) Pharmacogenomics , vol.14 , pp. 1085-1097
    • Burt, T.1    Dhillon, S.2
  • 8
    • 84873364557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics in the evaluation of new drugs: a multiregional regulatory perspective
    • Maliepaard M, Nofziger C, Papaluca M, et al. Pharmacogenetics in the evaluation of new drugs: a multiregional regulatory perspective. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013;12(2): 103-15.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-115
    • Maliepaard, M.1    Nofziger, C.2    Papaluca, M.3
  • 9
    • 79960100831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reengineering translational science: the time is right
    • Collins FS. Reengineering translational science: the time is right. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3: 90.
    • (2011) Sci Transl Med. , vol.3 , pp. 90
    • Collins, F.S.1
  • 10
    • 83255181788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics in neurology: Current state and future steps
    • Chan A, Pirmohamed M, Comabella M. Pharmacogenomics in neurology: Current state and future steps. Ann Neurol 2011;70: 684-97.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 684-697
    • Chan, A.1    Pirmohamed, M.2    Comabella, M.3
  • 11
    • 78651076990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of genetic diversity and signals of natural selection for human ADME genes
    • Li J, Zhang L, Zhou H, Stoneking M, Tang K. Global patterns of genetic diversity and signals of natural selection for human ADME genes. Hum Mol Genet. 2011;20(3): 528-40.
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 528-540
    • Li, J.1    Zhang, L.2    Zhou, H.3    Stoneking, M.4    Tang, K.5
  • 12
    • 84872968966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomics of ADME gene expression: mapping expression quantitative trait loci relevant for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in human liver
    • Schroder A, Klein K, Winter S, et al. Genomics of ADME gene expression: mapping expression quantitative trait loci relevant for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in human liver. Pharmacogenomics J. 2013;13(1): 12-20.
    • (2013) Pharmacogenomics J , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-20
    • Schroder, A.1    Klein, K.2    Winter, S.3
  • 13
    • 1942421701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 and its applications in drug therapy: the past, present and future
    • Ingelman-Sundberg M. Pharmacogenetics of cytochrome P450 and its applications in drug therapy: the past, present and future. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2004;25: 193-200.
    • (2004) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.25 , pp. 193-200
    • Ingelman-Sundberg, M.1
  • 14
    • 84875485693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer pharmacogenomics: early promise, but concerted effort needed
    • McLeod HL. Cancer pharmacogenomics: early promise, but concerted effort needed. Science 2013;339: 1563-6.
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 1563-1566
    • McLeod, H.L.1
  • 15
    • 84886257144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in warfarin-treated patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.151
    • Yang J, Chen Y, Li X, et al. Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in warfarin-treated patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(4): 4234-4. doi: 10. 1016/j. ijcard. 2013. 07. 151.
    • (2013) Int J Cardiol , vol.168 , Issue.4 , pp. 4234
    • Yang, J.1    Chen, Y.2    Li, X.3
  • 16
    • 77957262796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetrabenazine, a monoamine-depleting drug used in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders
    • Guay DR. Tetrabenazine, a monoamine-depleting drug used in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2010;8: 331-73.
    • (2010) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.8 , pp. 331-373
    • Guay, D.R.1
  • 18
    • 84865516911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA and pharmacogenetics of drug hypersensitivity
    • Pavlos R, Mallal S, Phillips E. HLA and pharmacogenetics of drug hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenomics. 2012;13: 1285-306.
    • (2012) Pharmacogenomics. , vol.13 , pp. 1285-1306
    • Pavlos, R.1    Mallal, S.2    Phillips, E.3
  • 19
    • 38949196447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir
    • Mallal S, Phillips E, Carosi G, et al. HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir. NEJM. 2008;358: 568-79.
    • (2008) NEJM. , vol.358 , pp. 568-579
    • Mallal, S.1    Phillips, E.2    Carosi, G.3
  • 20
    • 77949617538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel insights in pharmacogenetics of drug response in Parkinson's disease
    • Arbouw ME, Guchelaar HJ, Egberts TC. Novel insights in pharmacogenetics of drug response in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacogenomics 2010;11: 127-9.
    • (2010) Pharmacogenomics , vol.11 , pp. 127-129
    • Arbouw, M.E.1    Guchelaar, H.J.2    Egberts, T.C.3
  • 21
    • 81755178727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment and the prospect of pharmacogenetics in Parkinson's disease
    • Kalinderi K, Fidani L, Katsarou Z, Bostantjopoulou S. Pharmacological treatment and the prospect of pharmacogenetics in Parkinson's disease. Int J Clin Pract. 2011;65: 1289-94.
    • (2011) Int J Clin Pract. , vol.65 , pp. 1289-1294
    • Kalinderi, K.1    Fidani, L.2    Katsarou, Z.3    Bostantjopoulou, S.4
  • 23
    • 77957905690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of pathways to Parkinson disease
    • Hardy J. Genetic analysis of pathways to Parkinson disease. Neuron 2010;68: 201-6.
    • (2010) Neuron , vol.68 , pp. 201-206
    • Hardy, J.1
  • 24
    • 84881376726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the genetics of Parkinson disease
    • Trinh J, Farrer M. Advances in the genetics of Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013;9(8): 445-54.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 445-454
    • Trinh, J.1    Farrer, M.2
  • 25
    • 70549084415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease
    • Satake W, Nakabayashi Y, Mizuta I, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet. 2009;41: 1303-7.
    • (2009) Nat Genet. , vol.41 , pp. 1303-1307
    • Satake, W.1    Nakabayashi, Y.2    Mizuta, I.3
  • 26
    • 77956646167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease
    • Hamza TH, Zabetian CP, Tenesa A, et al. Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2010;42: 781-5.
    • (2010) Nat Genet , vol.42 , pp. 781-785
    • Hamza, T.H.1    Zabetian, C.P.2    Tenesa, A.3
  • 27
    • 79956321752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study confirms extant PD risk loci among the Dutch
    • Simon-Sanchez J, van Hilten JJ, van de Warrenburg B, et al. Genome-wide association study confirms extant PD risk loci among the Dutch. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011;19: 655-61.
    • (2011) Eur J Hum Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 655-661
    • Simon-Sanchez, J.1    van Hilten, J.J.2    van de Warrenburg, B.3
  • 28
    • 79959841853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson's disease
    • Do CB, Tung JY, Dorfman E, et al. Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2011;7: e1002141.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet , vol.7
    • Do, C.B.1    Tung, J.Y.2    Dorfman, E.3
  • 29
    • 84859339977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive research synopsis and systematic meta-analyses in Parkinson's disease genetics: the PDGene database
    • Lill CM, Roehr JT, McQueen MB, et al. Comprehensive research synopsis and systematic meta-analyses in Parkinson's disease genetics: the PDGene database. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(3): e1002548.
    • (2012) PLoS Genet , vol.8 , Issue.3
    • Lill, C.M.1    Roehr, J.T.2    McQueen, M.B.3
  • 30
    • 84859199353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease: identification of a novel locus, RIT2
    • Pankratz N, Beecham GW, DeStefano AL, et al. Meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease: identification of a novel locus, RIT2. Ann Neurol. 2012;71: 370-84.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol. , vol.71 , pp. 370-384
    • Pankratz, N.1    Beecham, G.W.2    DeStefano, A.L.3
  • 31
    • 84869396522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenomics in clinical practice and drug development
    • Harper AR, Topol EJ. Pharmacogenomics in clinical practice and drug development. Nat Biotechnol. 2012;30: 1117-24.
    • (2012) Nat Biotechnol. , vol.30 , pp. 1117-1124
    • Harper, A.R.1    Topol, E.J.2
  • 32
    • 70349533037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-[alpha] and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C
    • Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M, et al. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-[alpha] and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet 2009;41: 1105-9.
    • (2009) Nat Genet , vol.41 , pp. 1105-1109
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Nishida, N.2    Sugiyama, M.3
  • 33
    • 70349292099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance
    • Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature. 2009;461(7262): 399-401.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , Issue.7262 , pp. 399-401
    • Ge, D.1    Fellay, J.2    Thompson, A.J.3
  • 34
    • 70349548852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy
    • Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G, et al. IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy. Nat Genet 2009;41(10): 1100-4.
    • (2009) Nat Genet , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 1100-1104
    • Suppiah, V.1    Moldovan, M.2    Ahlenstiel, G.3
  • 35
    • 73349098768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline genetic variation in an organic anion transporter polypeptide associated with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and clinical effects
    • Trevino LR, Shimasaki N, Yang W, et al. Germline genetic variation in an organic anion transporter polypeptide associated with methotrexate pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. J Clin Oncol 2009;27: 5972-8.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5972-5978
    • Trevino, L.R.1    Shimasaki, N.2    Yang, W.3
  • 36
    • 49949104757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy-a genomewide study
    • Group SC, Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, et al. SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy-a genomewide study. NEJM 2008;359(8): 789-99.
    • (2008) Nejm , vol.359 , Issue.8 , pp. 789-799
    • Group, S.C.1    Link, E.2    Parish, S.3    Armitage, J.4
  • 37
    • 67649859295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin
    • Daly AK, Donaldson PT, Bhatnagar P, Shen Y, Péer I, Floratos A et al. HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat Genet. 2009;41: 816-9.
    • (2009) Nat Genet. , vol.41 , pp. 816-819
    • Daly, A.K.1    Donaldson, P.T.2    Bhatnagar, P.3    Shen, Y.4    Péer, I.5    Floratos, A.6
  • 38
    • 77955082302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide study identifies HLA alleles associated with lumiracoxib-related liver injury
    • Singer JB, Lewitzky S, Leroy E, et al. A genome-wide study identifies HLA alleles associated with lumiracoxib-related liver injury. Nat Genet. 2010;42: 711-4.
    • (2010) Nat Genet. , vol.42 , pp. 711-714
    • Singer, J.B.1    Lewitzky, S.2    Leroy, E.3
  • 39
    • 44049102035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide pharmacogenetic investigation of a hepatic adverse event without clinical signs of immunopathology suggests an underlying immune pathogenesis
    • Kindmark A, Jawaid A, Harbron CG, et al. Genome-wide pharmacogenetic investigation of a hepatic adverse event without clinical signs of immunopathology suggests an underlying immune pathogenesis. Pharmacogenomics J. 2008;8: 186-95.
    • (2008) Pharmacogenomics J. , vol.8 , pp. 186-195
    • Kindmark, A.1    Jawaid, A.2    Harbron, C.G.3
  • 40
    • 80052328932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide gene-environment study identifies glutamate receptor gene GRIN2A as a Parkinson's disease modifier gene via interaction with coffee
    • Hamza TH, Chen H, Hill-Burns EM, et al. Genome-wide gene-environment study identifies glutamate receptor gene GRIN2A as a Parkinson's disease modifier gene via interaction with coffee. PLoS Genet. 2011;7(8): e1002237.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet , vol.7 , Issue.8
    • Hamza, T.H.1    Chen, H.2    Hill-Burns, E.M.3
  • 41
    • 84888138764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic basis for the variable effect of smoking/nicotine on Parkinson's disease
    • doi:10.1038/tpj.2012.38
    • Hill-Burns EM, Singh N, Ganguly P, et al. A genetic basis for the variable effect of smoking/nicotine on Parkinson's disease. Pharmacogenomics J 2012; doi: 10. 1038/tpj. 2012. 38.
    • (2012) Pharmacogenomics J
    • Hill-Burns, E.M.1    Singh, N.2    Ganguly, P.3
  • 42
    • 33748159130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic oral nicotine treatment protects against striatal degeneration in MPTP-treated primates
    • Quik M, Parameswaran N, McCallum SE, Bordia T, Bao S, McCormack A et al. Chronic oral nicotine treatment protects against striatal degeneration in MPTP-treated primates. J Neurochem. 2006;98: 1866-75.
    • (2006) J Neurochem. , vol.98 , pp. 1866-1875
    • Quik, M.1    Parameswaran, N.2    McCallum, S.E.3    Bordia, T.4    Bao, S.5    McCormack, A.6
  • 43
    • 0035874345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by caffeine and A(2A) adenosine receptor inactivation in a model of Parkinson's disease
    • Chen JF, Xu K, Petzer JP, Staal R, Xu YH, Beilstein M et al. Neuroprotection by caffeine and A(2A) adenosine receptor inactivation in a model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci. 2001;21: RC143.
    • (2001) J Neurosci. , vol.21
    • Chen, J.F.1    Xu, K.2    Petzer, J.P.3    Staal, R.4    Xu, Y.H.5    Beilstein, M.6
  • 44
    • 0036714747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease
    • Hernan MA, Takkouche B, Caamano-Isorna F, Gestal-Otero JJ. A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2002;52: 276-84.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 276-284
    • Hernan, M.A.1    Takkouche, B.2    Caamano-Isorna, F.3    Gestal-Otero, J.J.4
  • 45
    • 39549083677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of smoking, coffee and NSAIDs on Parkinson's disease risk
    • Powers K, Kay D, Factor S, et al. Combined effects of smoking, coffee and NSAIDs on Parkinson's disease risk. Mov Disord 2008;23: 88-95.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 88-95
    • Powers, K.1    Kay, D.2    Factor, S.3
  • 46
    • 11144331051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated evolution of nervous system genes in the origin of Homo sapiens
    • Dorus S, Vallender EJ, Evans PD, et al. Accelerated evolution of nervous system genes in the origin of Homo sapiens. Cell 2004;119: 1027-40.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.119 , pp. 1027-1040
    • Dorus, S.1    Vallender, E.J.2    Evans, P.D.3
  • 47
    • 71549151931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, excitotoxicity, and programmed cell death in Parkinson disease
    • Caudle WM, Zhang J. Glutamate, excitotoxicity, and programmed cell death in Parkinson disease. Exp Neurol 2009;220: 230-3.
    • (2009) Exp Neurol , vol.220 , pp. 230-233
    • Caudle, W.M.1    Zhang, J.2
  • 48
    • 77955058291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive regulation of synaptic Ca2+ influx by D2 dopamine and A2A adenosine receptors
    • Higley MJ, Sabatini BL. Competitive regulation of synaptic Ca2+ influx by D2 dopamine and A2A adenosine receptors. Nat Neurosci 2010;13: 958-66.
    • (2010) Nat Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 958-966
    • Higley, M.J.1    Sabatini, B.L.2
  • 49
    • 8444244974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine enhancement of dopamine release by a calcium-dependent increase in the size of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles
    • Turner TJ. Nicotine enhancement of dopamine release by a calcium-dependent increase in the size of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. J Neurosci 2004;24: 11328-36.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 11328-11336
    • Turner, T.J.1
  • 50
    • 80051684615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
    • Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M, et al. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 2011;476: 214-9.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.476 , pp. 214-219
    • Sawcer, S.1    Hellenthal, G.2    Pirinen, M.3
  • 52
    • 84856101280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease therapeutics: new developments and challenges since the introduction of levodopa
    • Smith Y, Wichmann T, Factor SA, DeLong MR. Parkinson's disease therapeutics: new developments and challenges since the introduction of levodopa. Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;37: 213-46.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 213-246
    • Smith, Y.1    Wichmann, T.2    Factor, S.A.3    DeLong, M.R.4
  • 53
    • 0031594271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine A2A antagonist: a novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys
    • Kanda T, Jackson MJ, Smith LA, et al. Adenosine A2A antagonist: a novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys. Ann Neurol 1998;43: 507-13.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 507-513
    • Kanda, T.1    Jackson, M.J.2    Smith, L.A.3
  • 54
    • 0042141599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2A antagonist prevents dopamine agonist-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson's disease
    • Bibbiani F, Oh JD, Petzer JP, et al. A2A antagonist prevents dopamine agonist-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2003;184: 285-94.
    • (2003) Exp Neurol , vol.184 , pp. 285-294
    • Bibbiani, F.1    Oh, J.D.2    Petzer, J.P.3
  • 55
    • 77956424883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preladenant, a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, is active in primate models of movement disorders
    • Hodgson RA, Bedard PJ, Varty GB, et al. Preladenant, a selective A(2A) receptor antagonist, is active in primate models of movement disorders. Exp Neurol 2010;225: 384-90.
    • (2010) Exp Neurol , vol.225 , pp. 384-390
    • Hodgson, R.A.1    Bedard, P.J.2    Varty, G.B.3
  • 56
    • 84878952850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Istradefylline: first global approval
    • Dungo R, Deeks ED. Istradefylline: first global approval. Drugs. 2012;73: 875-82.
    • (2012) Drugs. , vol.73 , pp. 875-882
    • Dungo, R.1    Deeks, E.D.2
  • 57
    • 79951720949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preladenant in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised trial
    • Hauser RA, Cantillon M, Pourcher E, Micheli F, Mok V, Onofrj M et al. Preladenant in patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10: 221-9.
    • (2011) Lancet Neurol. , vol.10 , pp. 221-229
    • Hauser, R.A.1    Cantillon, M.2    Pourcher, E.3    Micheli, F.4    Mok, V.5    Onofrj, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.