A fully integrated, regulatorless CMOS power amplifier for long-range wireless sensor communication

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

Volumn 48, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1225-1236

  Bhagavatula, Venumadhav ^a   Wesson, William C ^b   Shin, Soon Kyun ^a   Rudell, Jacques C ^a  

^a University of Washington   (United States)

^b Arda Technologies   (United States)

Author keywords

CMOS; Long range sensor transmitter; Power amplifier; Power control loop; Sensor network; Tunable matching network

Indexed keywords

CMOS POWER AMPLIFIERS; CONSTANT OUTPUT POWER; POWER CONTROL LOOPS; POWER CONTROL-LOOP; SENSOR APPLICATIONS; SENSOR DATA COMMUNICATION; TUNABLE MATCHING NETWORKS; WIRELESS SENSOR COMMUNICATION;

CAPACITORS; ENERGY DISSIPATION; POWER AMPLIFIERS; POWER CONTROL; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS; SENSOR NETWORKS; TRANSMITTERS; VOLTAGE REGULATORS;

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS;

EID: 84892977274     PISSN: 00189200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253718     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. A. Abidi et al., "The future of CMOS wireless transceivers," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 1997, pp. 118-119, 440.
2. J. C. Rudell et al., "A 1.9-GHz wide-band IF double conversion CMOS receiver for cordless telephone applications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 2071-2088, Dec. 1997.
3. J. A. Weldon et al., "A 1.75-GHz highly-integrated narrow-band CMOS transmitter with harmonic-rejection mixers," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 2003-2015, Dec. 2001.
4. O. E. Erdogan et al., "A single chip quad-band GSM/GPRS transceiver in 0.18 μM standard CMOS," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 2005, pp. 318-319, 601.
5. B. Otis, Y. H. Chee, and J. Rabaey, "A 400 μW - Rx 1.6 mW-Tx super-regenerative transceiver for wireless sensor networks," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 2005, pp. 396-397, 606.
6. B. W. Cook, A. Berny, A.Molnar, S. Lanzisara, and K. Pister, "Low-power 2.4-GHz transceiver with passive RX front-end and 400-mV supply," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2757-2766, Dec. 2006.
7. Y. H. Chee, A.M. Niknejad, and J. M. Rabaey, "An ultra-low-power injection locked transmitter for wireless sensor networks," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1740-1748, Aug. 2006.
8. B. W. Cook, S. Lanzisera, and K. Pister, "SoC issues for RF smart dust," Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 1177-1196, Jun. 2006.
9. K. Sohrabi,W. Merrill, J. Elson, L. Girod, F. Newberg, and W. Kaiser, "Methods for scalable self-assembly of ad hoc wireless sensor networks," IEEE Trans.Mobile Comput., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 317-331, 2004. (Pubitemid 40010931)
10. F. Sivrikaya and B. Yener, "Time synchronization in sensor networks: A survey," IEEE Netw., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 45-50, 2004.
11. A. Saipulla, L. Benyuan, and J. Wang, "Barrier coverage with airdropped wireless sensors," in Proc. IEEE Military Commun. Conf., 2008, pp. 1-7.
12. J. Rabaey, J. Ammer, J. da Silva, D. Patel, and S. Roundy, "PicoRadio supports ad-hoc ultra-low power wireless networking," IEEE Comput., vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 42-48, 2000.
13. W. Wesson, V. Bhagavatula, K. W. Pang, S. Shin, P. Yang, and J. C. Rudell, "A long-range, fully-integrated, regulator-less CMOS power amplifier for wireless sensor communication," in IEEE RFIC Symp., Dig. Papers, 2012, pp. 145-148.
14. M. Danesh and J. R. Long, "An autonomous wireless sensor node incorporating an solar cell antenna for energy harvesting," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3546-3555, Dec. 2011.
15. S. Kim, K. S. No, and P. H. Chou, "Design and performance analysis of supercapacitor charging circuits for wireless sensor nodes," IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 391-402, Sep. 2011.
16. S. Bandopadhyay and A. P. Chandrakasan, "Platform architecture for solar, thermal and vibration energy combining with MPPT and single inductor," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 2199-2215, Sep. 2012.
17. K. C. Tsai and P. R. Gray, "A 1.9-GHz, 1-W CMOS class-E power amplifier for wireless communications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 962-970, Jul. 1999.
18. I. Aoki et al., "A fully-integrated quad-band GSM/GPRS CMOS power amplifier," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2747-2758, Dec. 2008.
19. J. Rabaey et al., "PicoRadios for wireless sensor networks: The next challenge in ultra-low power design," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 2002, pp. 200-201.
20. J. H. Jang, D. F. Berdy, J. Lee, D. Peroulis, and B. Jung, "A wireless sensor node for condition monitoring powered by a vibration energy harvester," in IEEE Proc. CICC, 2011, pp. 1-4.
21. F. Simjee and P. J. Chou, "Everlast: Long-life, supercapacitor- operated wireless sensor node," in Proc. ISLPED, 2006, pp. 197-202.
22. D. Chowdhury, C.D.Hull, O. B. Degani, Y. Wang, and A. M. Niknejad, "A fully integrated dual-mode highly linear 2.4 GHz CMOS power amplifier for 4G WiMax applications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3393-3402, Dec. 2009.
23. E. J. Carlson, K. Strunz, and B. P. Otis, "A 20 mV input boost converter with efficient digital control for thermoelectric energy harvesting," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 741-750, Apr. 2010.
24. W. C. E. Neo et al., "Adaptive multi-band multi-mode power amplifier using integrated varactor-based tunable matching networks," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 2166-2176, Sep. 2006.
25. D. Qiao, R. Molfino, S. M. Lardizabal, B. Pillans, P. M. Asbeck, and G. Jerenic, "An intelligently controlled RF power amplifier with a reconfigurable MEMS-varactor tuner," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 3, pt. 2, pp. 1089-1095, Mar. 2005.
26. N. A. Talwalkar, P. C. Yue, H. Gan, and S. S. Wong, "Integrated CMOS transmit-receive switch using LC-tuned substrate bias for 2.4-GHz and 5.2-GHz applications," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 863-870, Jun. 2004.
27. A. A. Kidwai, C. T. Fu, J. C. Jensen, and S. S. Taylor, "A fully integrated ultra-low insertion loss T/R switch for 802.11b/g/n application in 90 nm CMOS process," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1352-1360, May 2009.
28. J. S. Walling et al., "A class-E PA with pulse-width and pulse-position modulation in 65 nmCMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1668-1678, Jun. 2009.
29. S. C. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, 1st ed. Boston, MA, USA: Artech House, 1999.
30. R. G. Meyer, "Low-power monolithic RF peak detector analysis," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 65-67, Jan. 1995.
31. J. S. Walling, S. S. Taylor, and D. J. Allstot, "A class-G supply modulator and class-E PA in 130 nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2339-2347, Sep. 2009.
32. R. E. Zulinski and J.W. Steadman, "Class E power amplifiers and frequency multipliers with finite DC-feed inductance," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 34, pp. 1074-1087, Sep. 1987.
33. F. H. Raab, "High-efficiency linear amplification by dynamic load modulation," in Microw. Symp. Dig., 2003 IEEE MTT-S, vol. 3, pp. 1717-1720.
34. F. S. Fu and A. Mortazawi, "Improving power amplifier efficiency and linearity using a dynamically controlled tunable matching network," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 12, pt. 2, pp. 3239-3244, Dec. 2008.
35. Y. Yoon et al., "A dual-model CMOS RF power amplifier with integrated tunable matching network," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 77-88, Jan. 2012.
36. B. Koo, T. Joo, Y. Na, and S. Hong, "A fully integrated dual-model CMOS power amplifier for WCDMA applications," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 2012, pp. 82-84.
37. H. M. Nemati, C. Fager, U. Gustavsson, R. Jos, and H. Zirath, "Design of varactor-based tunable matching networks for dynamic load modulation of high power amplifiers," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 5, pt. 1, pp. 1110-1118, May 2009.
38. N. Singhal, N. Nidhi, A. Ghosh, and S. Pamarti, "A 19 dBm μm 0.13 CMOS parallel class-E switching PA with minimal efficiency degradation under 6 dB back-off," in IEEE RFIC Symp., Dig. Papers, 2011, pp. 1-4.
39. N. Singhal, N. Nidhi, R. Patel, and S. Pamarti, "A zero-voltage-switching contour-based power amplifier with minimal efficiency degradation under back-off," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1589-1598, Jun. 2011.
40. A. V. Bezooijen et al., "A GSM/EDGE/WCDMA adaptive series - LC matching network using RF-MEMS switches," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2259-2268, Oct. 2008.
41. A. Chamseddine, J. W. Haslett, and M. Okoniewski, "CMOS silicon-on-sapphire RF tunable matching networks," EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Netw., vol. 2006, pp. 1-11, Article ID 86531.
42. F. Carrara, C. D. Presti, F. Pappalardo, and G. Palmisano, "A 2.4-GHz 24 dBm SOI CMOS power amplifier with fully integrated reconfigurable output matching network," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2122-2130, Sep. 2009.
43. S. M. Bowers, K. Sengupta, K. Dasgupta, and A. Hajimiri, "A fully-integrated self-healing power amplifier," in IEEE RFIC Symp., Dig. Papers, 2012, pp. 221-224.
44. H. Song, B. Bakkaloglu, and J. T. Aberle, "A CMOS adaptive antenna-impedance-tuning IC operating in the 850 MHz-to-2 GHz band," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 2009, pp. 384-385, 385a.
45. D. Chowdhury, S. V. Thyagarajan, L. Ye, E. Alon, and A.M. Niknejad, "A fully-integrated efficient CMOS inverse class-D power amplifier for digital polar transmitters," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1113-1122, May 2012.
46. J. R. Long, "Monolithic transformers for silicon RF IC design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 1368-1382, Sep. 2000.