XFEM Fracture Analysis of Composites

XFEM Fracture Analysis of Composites

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Mohammadi, Soheil ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84891584190     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118443378     Document Type: Book

References (597)

1. Abd-Alla, A.M., Mahmoud, S.R., Abo-Dahab, S.M. and Helmy, M.I. (2011) Propagation of s-wave in a non-homogeneous anisotropic incompressible and initially stressed medium under influence of gravity field. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 217, 4321-4332.
2. Achenbach, J.D. (1974) Dynamic effects in brittle fractures, in Mechanics Today, vol. 1 (ed. S. Nemat-Nasser), Pergamon Press.
3. Achenbach, J.D. and Bazant, Z.P. (1975) Elastodynamic near-tip stress and displacement fields for rapidly propagating crack in orthotropic materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 42(1), 183-189.
4. Adalsteinsson, D. and Sethian, J.A. (2003) Transport and diffusion of material quantities on propagating interfaces via level set methods. Journal of Computational Physics, 85(1), 271-288.
5. Aliabadi, M.H. and Sollero, P. (1998) Crack growth analysis in homogeneous orthotropic laminates. Composites Science and Technology, 58, 1697-1703.
6. Anahid, M. and Khoei, A.R. (2008) New development in the extended finite element modelling of large elasto-plastic deformations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 75(10), 1133-1171.
7. Anders, D. Weinberg, K. and Reichardt, R. (2012) Isogeometric analysis of thermal diffusion in binary blends. Computational Materials Science, 52(1), 182-188.
8. Anderson, T. (1995) Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, CRC Press, USA.
9. Ang, H.E., Torrance, J.E. and Tan, C.L. (1996) Boundary element analysis of orthotropic delamination specimens with interface cracks. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 54, 601-615.
10. Anlas, G., Santare, M. and Lambros, J. (2000) Numerical calculation of stress intensity factors in functionally graded materials. International Journal of Fracture, 104, 131-143.
11. Arcisz, M. and Sih, G.C. (1984) Effect of orthotropy on crack propagation. Theoretical Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1, 225-238.
12. Areias, P.M.A. and Belytschko, T. (2005a) Non-linear analysis of shells with arbitrary evolving cracks using XFEM. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 62, 384-415.
13. Areias, P.M.A. and Belytschko, T. (2005b) Analysis of three-dimensional crack initiation and propagation using the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63(55), 760-788.
14. Areias, P.M.A. and Belytschko, T. (2006) Two-scale shear band evolution by local partition of unity. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 66, 878-910.
15. Areias, P.M.A., Song, J.H. and Belytschko, T. (2006) Analysis of fracture in thin shells by overlapping paired elements. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 5343-5360.
16. Armero, F. and Linder, C. (2008) New finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities in the finite deformation range. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197(33-40), 3138-3170.
17. Asadpoure, A. (2006) Analysis of layered composites by the extended finite element method. MSc thesis, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
18. Asadpoure, A. and Mohammadi, S. (2007) A new approach to simulate the crack with the extended finite element method in orthotropic media. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 69, 2150-2172.
19. Asadpoure, A., Mohammadi, S. and Vafai, A. (2006) Modeling crack in orthotropic media using a coupled finite element and partition of unity methods. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(13), 1165-1175.
20. Asadpoure, A., Mohammadi S. and Vafai, A. (2007) Crack analysis in orthotropic media using the extended finite element method. Thin Walled Structures, 44(9), 1031-1038.
21. Atluri, S.N. (1982) Path-independent integrals in finite elasticity and inelasticity, with body forces, inertiam and arbitrary crack-face conditions. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 16(3), 341-364.
22. Atluri, S.N. and Shen, S. (2002) The Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) Method, Tech Science Press, USA.
23. Atluri, S.N., Kobayashi, A.S. and Nakagaki, M.A. (1975a) Finite element program for fracture mechanics analysis of composite material. Fracture Mechanics of Composites, ASTM STP, 593, 86-98.
24. Atluri, S.N., Kobayashi, A.S. and Nakagaki, M. (1975b) An assumed displacement hybrid finite element model for linear fracture mechanics. International Journal of Fracture, 11(2), 257-271.
25. Attigui, M. and Petit, C. (1997) Mixed-mode separation in dynamic fracture mechanics: New path independent integrals. International Journal of Fracture, 84, 19-36.
26. Ayari, M.L. and Ye, Z. (1995) Maximum strain theory for mixed mode crack propagation in anisotropic solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 52(3), 389-400.
27. Ayhan, A.O. (2009) Three-dimensional mixed-mode stress intensity factors for cracks in functionally graded materials using enriched finite elements. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 46, 796-810.
28. Babuska, I. and Miller, A. (1984) The post-processing approach to finite element method-part II. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 20, 1111-1129.
29. Baker, B.R. (1962) Dynamic stresses created by a moving crack. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 29(3), 449-458.
30. Bakirov, V.F. and Kim, T.W. (2009) Analysis of a crack at the piezoceramic-metal interface and estimates of adhesion fracture energy. International Journal of Engineering Science, 47(7-8), 793-804.
31. Barber, J.R. (2004) Stresses in a half space due to Newtonian gravitation. Journal of Elasticity, 75, 187-192.
32. Barenblatt, G.I. (1959a) The formation of equilibrium cracks during brittle fracture: general ideas and hypotheses for axially symmetric cracks. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 23, 622-636.
33. Barenblatt, G.I. (1959b) Equilibrium cracks formed during brittle fracture rectilinear cracks in plane plates. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 23(4), 1009-1029.
34. Barnett, D.M. and Asaro, R.J. (1972) The fracture mechanics of slit-like cracks in anisotropic elastic media. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 20, 353-66.
35. Barnett, D.M. and Lothe, J. (1973) Synthesis of the sextic and the integral formalism for dislocation, Green's function and surface waves in anisotropic elastic solids. Physica Norvegica, 7, 13-19.
36. Barsom, J. M. and Rolfe, S.T. (1987) Fracture and Fatigue Control in Structures Application of Fracture Mechanics, 2nd edn, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
37. Barsoum, R. (1974) Application of quadratic isoparametric finite elements in linear fracture mechanics. International Journal of Fracture, 10, 603-605.
38. Barsoum, R. (1975) Further application of quadratic isoparametric finite elements to linear fracture mechanics of plate bending and general shells. International Journal of Fracture, 11, 167-169.
39. Barsoum, R. (1976a) On the use of isoparametric finite elements in linear fracture mechanics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 10, 25-37.
40. Barsoum, R. (1976b) A degenerate solid element for linear fracture analysis of plate bending and general shells. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 10, 551-564.
41. Barsoum, R. (1977) Triangular quarter point elements as elastic and perfectly plastic crack tip elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 11, 85-98.
42. Barsoum, R. (1981) An assessment of the quarter-point elements in pressure vessel fracture analysis. Sixth International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Paris.
43. Bassani, J.L. and Qu, J. (1989) Finite crack on bimaterial and bicrystals. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 37, 435-453.
44. Batakis, A. P. and Vogan, W. (1985) Rocket thrust chamber thermal barrier coatings. NASA Contractor Report 1750222.
45. Bayesteh, H. and Mohammadi, S. (2011) XFEM fracture analysis of shells: The effect of crack tip enrichments. Computational Materials Science, 50, 2793-2813.
46. Bayesteh, H. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) Fracture analysis of orthotropic functionally graded materials by XFEM. Journal of Composites, Part B, Submitted.
47. Bazant, Z.P. and Planas, J. (1997) Fracture and Size Effects in Concrete and Other Quasibrittle Materials. CRC Press, USA.
48. Bazilevs, Y. and Akkerman, I. (2010) Large eddy simulation of turbulent taylor-couette flow using isogeometric analysis and the residual-based variational multiscale method. Journal of Computational Physics, 229, 3402-3414.
49. Bazilevs, Y., Gohean, J.R., Hughes, T.J.R. et al. (2009) Patient-specific isogeometric fluid-structure interaction analysis of thoracic aortic blood flow due to implantation of the Jarvik 2000 left ventricular assist device. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198(45-46), 3534-3550.
50. Béchet, E., Minnebo, H., Moës, N. and Burgardt, B. (2005) Improved implementation and robustness study of the X-FEM for stress analysis around cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 64, 1033-1056.
51. Bechet, E., Scherzer, M. and Kuna, M. (2009) Application of the X-FEM to the fracture of piezoelectric materials. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 77, 1535-1565.
52. Begley, J.A. and Landes, J.D. (1972) The Jintegral as a fracture criterion. Special ASTM publication, 1-23.
53. Bellec, J. and Dolbow, J.E. (2003) A note on enrichment functions for modelling crack nucleation. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 19, 921-932.
54. Belytschko, T. and Black, T. (1999) Elastic crack growth in finite elements with minimal remeshing. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 45, 601-620.
55. Belytschko, T. and Chen, H. (2004) Singular enrichment finite element method for elastodynamic crack propagation. International Journal of Computational Methods, 1(1), 1-15.
56. Belytschko, T., Gracie, R. (2007) On XFEM applications to dislocations and interface. International Journal of Plasticity, 23, 1721-1738.
57. Belytschko, T. and Tabbara, M. (1996) Dynamic fracture using element-free Galerkin methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 39, 923-938.
58. Belytschko, T., Lu, Y.Y. and Gu, L. (1994) Element-free Galerkin methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 37, 229-256.
59. Belytschko, T., Organ, D. and Krongauz, Y. (1995) A coupled finite element-Element free Galerkin method. Computational Mechanics 17(3), 186-195.
60. Belytschko, T., Krongauz, Y., Organ, D., Fleming, M. and Krysl, P. (1996) Meshless methods: An overview and recent developments. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 139, 3-47.
61. Belytschko, T., Guo, Y., Liu, W.K. and Xiao, S.P. (2000) A unified stability analysis of meshless particle methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 48(9), 1359-1400.
62. Belytschko, T., Organ, D. and Gerlach, C. (2000) Element-free Galerkin methods for dynamic fracture in concrete. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 187(3-4), 385-399.
63. Belytschko, T., Moës, N., Usui, S. and Parimik, C. (2001) Arbitrary discontinuities in finite elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 50, 993-1013.
64. Belytschko, T., Daniel, W.J.T. and Ventura, G. (2002) A monolithic smoothing-gap algorithm for contact-impact based on the signed distance function. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 55, 101-125.
65. Belytschko, T., Xu, J.X., Chessa, J., Moës, N. and Gravouil, A. (2002) Recent developments in meshless and extended finite element methods. Second International Conference on Advanced Computational Methods in Engineering, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
66. Belytschko, T., Chen, H., Xu, J. and Zi, G. (2003) Dynamic crack propagation based on loss of hyperbolicity and a new discontinuous enrichment. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 1873-1905.
67. Benson, D.J., Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M.C. and Hughes, T.J.R. (2010a) Isogeometric shell analysis: the reissner-mindlin shell. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199, 276-289.
68. Benson, D.J., Bazilevs, Y., De Luycker, E. et al. (2010b) A generalized finite element formulation for arbitrary basis functions: From isogeometric analysis to XFEM. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 83(6), 765-785.
69. Benson, D.J., Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M.C. and Hughes, T.J.R. (2011) A large deformation, rotation-free, isogeometric shell. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200(13-16), 1367-1378.
70. Benzley, S.E. (1974) Representation of singularities with isoparametric finite elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 8, 537-545.
71. Bitaraf, M. and Mohammadi, S. (2010) Large deflection analysis of flexible plates by the finite point method. Thin-Walled Structures, 48, 200-214.
72. Bogy, D.B. (1972) The plane solution for anisotropic elastic wedges under normal and shear traction. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 39, 1103-9.
73. Boone, T.J., Wawrzynek, P.A. and Ingraffea A.R. (1987) Finite element modeling of fracture propagation in orthotropic materials. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 26, 185-201.
74. Bordas, S. and Legay, A. (2005) X-FEM Mini-Course. EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
75. Borovkov, A., Kiylo, O., Misnik, Yu and Tripolnikov, T. (1999) Finite element stress analysis of multidirectional laminated composite structures, 2. H-p-refinement and m-adaptive procedures. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik and Mechanik, 79(2), S527-S528.
76. de Borst, R., Remmers, J.J.C. and Needleman, A. (2004) Computational aspects of cohesive-zone models. Fifteenth European Conference of Fracture, Sweden.
77. de Borst, R., Gutiérrez, M.A., Wells, G.N. et al. (2004a) Cohesive-zone models, higher-order continuum theories and reliability methods for computational failure analysis. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 60, 289-315.
78. de Borst, R., Remmers, J.J.C., Needleman, A. and Abellan, M.A. (2004b) Discrete vs smeared crack models for concrete fracture: bridging the gap. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 28, 583-607.
79. Bouchbinder, E., Livne, A. and Finebergm, J. (2009) The 1/r singularity in weakly nonlinear fracture mechanics. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 57, 1568-1577.
80. Bouchbinder, E., Livne, A. and Finebergm, J. (2010) Weakly nonlinear fracture mechanics: experiments and theory. International Journal of Fracture, 162, 3-20.
81. Bower, A.F. (2012) http://solidmechanics.org/text/chapter3_2/chapter3_2.htm (accessed 1 September 2011).
82. Bowie, O.L. and Freese, C.E. (1972) Central crack in plane orthotropic rectangular sheet. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 8, 49-58.
83. Brindley, W. (1995) Properties of plasma sprayed bond coats, Proceedings of the Thermal Barrier Coating Workshop. NASA-Lewis, Cleveland, OR, 1995.
84. Broberg, K.B. (1999) Intersonic crack propagation in an orthotropic material. International Journal of Fracture, 99, 1-11.
85. Brock, L.M., Georgiadis, H.G. and Hanson, M.T. (2001) Rapid indentation of transversely isotropic or orthotropic half-spaces. Transactions of the ASME, 68, 490-495.
86. Broumand, P. and Khoei, A.R. (2011) Modeling ductile fracture with damage plasticity using XFEM technique, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden), Cardiff, United Kingdom.
87. Budyn, E. and Hoc, T. (2007) Multiple scale modelling for cortical bone fracture in tension using X-FEM. RMN-16/2007, 215-238.
88. Budyn, E., Zi, G., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2004) A method for multiple crack growth in brittle materials without remeshing. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 61, 1741-1770.
89. Buehler, M.J. (2012) Materiomics, merging biology and engineering in multiscale structures and materials. NSF Short Course on Nanomechanics, Nanomaterials and Micro/Nanomanufacturing, Northwestern University.
90. Bruno, D., Carpino, R. and Greco, F. (2007) Modelling of mixed mode debonding in externally FRP reinforced beams. Composites Science and Technology, 67, 1459-1474.
91. Buffa, A., Sangalli, G. and Vazquez, R. (2010) Isogeometric analysis in electromagnetics: B-splines approximation. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(17-20), 1143-1152.
92. Carloni, C. and Nobile, L. (2002) Crack initiation behaviour of orthotropic solids as predicted by the strain energy density theory. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 38, 109-119.
93. Carloni, C., Piva, A. and Viola, E. (2003) An alternative complex variable formulation for an inclined crack in an orthotropic medium. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70, 2033-2058.
94. Chahine, E., Laborde, P. and Renard, Y. (2006) A quasi-optimal convergence result for fracture mechanics with XFEM. Comptes Rendus Mathematique, 342(7), 527-532.
95. Chahine, E. (2009) Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM): Mathematical and Numerical Study for Cracked Domains Computations, VDM Verlag Dr Muller.
96. Chan, S.K., Tuba, I.S. and Wilson, W.K. (1970) On the finite element method in liner fracture mechanics: Finite element method with first order displacement functions to compute crack tip stress intensity factors in various shapes under different loading conditions. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2, 1-17.
97. Chandler, D. (1989) Metal fatigue seen as most likely cause. Boston Globe, (February 25).
98. Chang, F.-K. and Springer, G.S. (1986) The strengths of fiber reinforced composite bends. Journal of Composite Materials, 20(1), 30-45.
99. Chang, J., Xu, J.-q. and Mutoh, Y. (2006) A general mixed-mode brittle fracture criterion for cracked materials. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 73, 1249-1263.
100. Chen, E.P. (1978) Sudden appearance of a crack in a stretched finite strip. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 45, 270-280.
101. Chen, Y.F. and Erdogan, F. (1996) The interface crack problem for a nonhomogeneous coating bonded to a homogeneous substrate. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 44, 771-787.
102. Chessa, J. and Belytschko, T. (2003) An enriched finite element method and level sets for axisymmetric two-phase flow with surface tension. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 2041-2064.
103. Chessa, J. and Belytschko, T. (2004) Arbitrary discontinuities in space-time finite elements by level sets and X-FEM. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 61, 2595-2614.
104. Chessa, J. and Belytschko, T. (2006) A local space-time discontinuous finite element method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 1325-1343.
105. Chessa, J., Wang, H. and Belytschko, T. (2003) On the construction of blending elements for local partition of unity enriched finite elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 57, 1015-1038.
106. Chopp, D.L. (2001) Some improvements on the fast marching method. SIAM Journal of Scientific Computations, 23(1), 230-244.
107. Chopp, D.L. and Sukumar, N. (2003) Fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks with the coupled extended finite element/fast marching method. International Journal of Engineering Science, 41, 845-869.
108. Chow, W.T. and Atluri, S.N. (1998) Stress intensity factors as the fracture parameters for delamination crack growth in composite laminates. Computational Mechanics, 21, 1-10.
109. Chow, W.T., Boem, H.G. and Atluri, S.N. (1995) Calculation of stress intensity factors for interfacial crack between dissimilar anisotropic media using a hybrid element method and the mutual integral. Computational Mechanics, 15, 546-557.
110. Cimrman, R., Kroc, J., Rohan, E. et al. (2002) On coupling cellular automata based activation and finite element muscle model applied to heart ventricle modelling.
111. Clarke, K. and Hess, D. (1978) Communication Circuits: Analysis and Design, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
112. Clements, D.L. (1971) A crack between dissimilar anisotropic media. International Journal of Engineering Science, 9, 257-265.
113. Colombi, C. (2006) Reinforcement delamination of metallic beams strengthened by FRP strips: Fracture mechanics based approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 73, 1980-1995.
114. Combescure, A., Elguedj, T., Haboussa, D. et al. (2011) Modeling damage brittle ductile fracture transition with combined X-FEM cohesive zone, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden), Cardiff, United Kingdom.
115. Combescure, A., Gravouil, A., Gregoire, D. and Rethore, J. (2008) X-FEM a good candidate for energy conservation in simulation of brittle dynamic crack propagation. Computational Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 197, 309-318.
116. Comi, C. and Mariani, S. (2007) Extended finite element simulation of quasi-brittle fracture in functionally graded materials. Computational Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 196, 4013-4026.
117. Comninou, M. (1977) The interface crack. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 44, 631-636.
118. Comninou, M. and Schmuser, D. (1979) The interface crack in a combined tension-compression and shear field. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 46, 345-348.
119. Cotterell, B. (1964) On the nature of moving cracks. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 31(1), 12-16.
120. Cottrell, A.H. (1961) Theoretical aspects of radiation damage and brittle fracture in steel pressure vessels. Iron and Steel Institute Special Report No. 69, pp. 281-296. Iron and Steel Institute, London, UK.
121. Cottrell, J.A., Reali, A., Bazilevs, Y. and Hughes, T.J.R. (2006) Isogeometric analysis of structural vibrations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 195, 5257-5296.
122. Cottrell, J.A., Hughes, T.J.R. and Bazilevs, Y. (2009) Isogeometric analysis: Towards integration of CAD and FEA, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
123. Craggs, J.W. (1960) On the propagation of a crack in an elastic-brittle material. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 8, 66.
124. Cruse, T. (1988) Boundary Element Analysis in Computational Fracture Mechanics, Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
125. Dag, S., Yildirim, B. and Sarikaya, D. (2007) Mixed-mode fracture analysis of orthotropic functionally graded materials under mechanical and thermal loads. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44, 7816-7840.
126. Dally, J.W. (1987) Dynamic photoelasticity and its application to stress wave propagation, fracture mechanics and fracture control. in Static and Dynamic Photoelasticity and Caustics (eds A. Lagarde), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 247-406.
127. Daneshyar, A.R. (2012) Shear Band Simulation by the Extended Finite Element Method. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
128. Daneshyar, A.R. and Mohammadi, S. (2011) Simulation of strong tangential discontinuity for XFEM shear band evolution, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 Cardiff, United Kingdom, (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden).
129. Daneshyar, A.R. and Mohammadi, S. (2012a) An extended finite element for simulation of shear band frictional contact. 20th Annual Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ISME 2012, Shiraz, Iran.
130. Daneshyar, A.R. and Mohammadi, S. (2012b) XFEM simulation of shear band initiation and propagation based on a strong tangential discontinuity formulation, Submitted.
131. Daux, C., Moës, N., Dolbow, J. et al. (2000) Arbitrary branched and intersecting cracks with the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 48, 1741-1760.
132. De, J. and Patra, B. (1992) Elastodynamic crack problems in an orthotropic medium through complex variable approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 43, 895-909.
133. Delale, F. and Erdogan, F. (1983) The crack problem for a non-homogeneous plane. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 50(3), 609-614.
134. De Luycker, E., Benson, D.J., Belytschko, T., et al. (2011) X-FEM in isogeometric analysis for linear fracture mechanics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 87(6), 541-565.
135. DeMasi, T., Sheffler, K D. and Ortiz, M. (1989) Thermal barrier coating life prediction model development. NASA Contractor Report 182230, 1989.
136. Deng, X. (1995) Mechanics of debonding and delamination in composites: Asymptotic studies. Composites Engineering, 5, 1299-1315.
137. Destrade, M. (2007) Seismic Rayleigh waves on an exponentially graded, orthotropic half-space. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 463, 495-502.
138. Dini, D., Barber, J.R., Churchman, C.M. et al. (2008) The application of asymptotic solutions to contact problems characterised by logarithmic singularities. European Journal of Mechanics A-Solids, 27, 847-858.
139. Dolbow, J.E. (1999) An extended finite element method with discontinuous enrichment for applied mechanics. PhD dissertation, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Northwestern University, USA.
140. Dolbow, J.E. and Nadeau, J.C. (2002) On the use of effective properties for the fracture analysis of microstructured materials. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69, 1607-1634.
141. Dolbow, J.E. and Gosz, M. (2002) On the computation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors in functionally graded materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 39, 2557-2574.
142. Dolbow, J.E. and Devan, A. (2004) Enrichment of enhanced assumed strain approximations for representing strong discontinuities: addressing volumetric incompressibility and the discontinuous patch test. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, 47-67.
143. Dolbow, J., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2000a) Discontinuous enrichment in finite elements with a partition of unity method. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 36, 235-260.
144. Dolbow, J., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2000b) Modeling fracture in Mindlin-Reissner plates with the extended finite element method. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 37, 7161-7183.
145. Dolbow, J., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2000c) An extended finite element method for modeling crack growth with frictional contact. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 36(3) 235-260.
146. Dolbow, J., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2001) An extended finite element method for modeling crack growth with frictional contact. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, 6825-6846.
147. Dongye, C. and Ting, T.C.T. (1989) Explicit expressions of Barnett-Lothe tensors and their associated tensors for orthotropic materials. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 47, 723-734.
148. Duarte, C.A. (2011) Bridging scaleswith a generalized fem, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 Cardiff, United Kingdom, (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden).
149. Duarte, C.A. and Oden, J.T. (1995) Hp clouds-a meshless method to solve boundary-value problems. TICAM Report 95-05.
150. Duarte, C.A. and Oden, J.T. (1996) An H-p adaptive method using clouds. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 139, 237-262.
151. Duarte, C.A., Babuska, I. and Oden J.T. (1998) Generalized finite element methods for three dimensional structural mechanics problems, Proceeding of the International Conference on Computational Science,Tech. Science Press, Atlanta, GA, 1, pp. 53-58.
152. Dugdale, D. (1960) Yielding of steel sheets containing slits. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 8, 100-108.
153. Dumstorff, P. and Meschke, G. (2003) Finite element modelling of cracks based on the partition of unity method. Proceedings of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (PAMM), 2, 226-227.
154. Dundurs, J. (1969) Edge-bonded dissimilar orthogonal elastic wedges. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 36, 650-652.
155. Dunn, M. (1994) The effects of crack face boundary conditions on the fracture mechanics of piezoelectric solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 48, 25-39.
156. Ebrahimi, S.H., Mohammadi, S. and Assadpoure, A. (2008) An extended finite element (XFEM) approach for crack analysis in composite media. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 3, 198-207.
157. Ebrahimi, S.H., Mohammadi, S. and Kani, I.M. (2012) A local PUFEM modelling of stress singularity in complete sliding contact problems with minimal enrichment, Submitted.
158. Ebrahimi, S.H. (2012) Development of the extended finite element method in modelling frictional contact problems. PhD. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
159. Edgerton, H. E. and Barstow, F. E. (1941) Further studies of glass fracture with high-speed photography. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 24, 131-7.
160. Eftekhari, M. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) on the buckling analysis of defective carbon nanotubes by molecular structural mechanics approach. Mechanics of Nano, Micro and Macro Composite Structures, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
161. Eischen, J. (1983) Fracture of nonhomogeneous materials. International Journal of Fracture, 34, 3-22.
162. Elguedj, T., Gravouil, A. and Combescure, A. (2006) Appropriate extended functions for X-FEM simulation of plastic fracture mechanics. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 501-515.
163. Elguedj, T. , Gravouil, A. and Maigre, H. (2009) An explicit dynamics extended finite element method. Part 1: Mass lumping for arbitrary enrichment functions. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198, 2297-2317.
164. Elguedj, T., Rethore, J. and Buteri, A. (2011) Isogeometric analysis for strain field measurements. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200(1-4), 40-56.
165. England, A.H. (1965) A crack between dissimilar media. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 32, 400-402.
166. Erdogan, F. (1963) Stress distribution in a nonhomogeneous elastic plane with cracks. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 30, 232-237.
167. Erdogan, F. (1995) Fracture mechanics of functionally graded materials. Composites Engineering, 5(7), 753-770.
168. Erdogan, F. and Sih, G.C. (1963) On the crack extension in plates under plane loading and transverse shear. Journal of Basic Engineering, 85, 519-527.
169. Erdogan, E. and Wu, B.H. (1993) Interface crack problems in layered orthotropic materials. Journal of Mechanics, Physics and Solids, 41(5), 889-917.
170. Eshelby, J.D. (1956) The continuum theory of lattice defects, in Solid State Physics, vol. 3 (eds F. Seitz and D. Turnbull), Academic Press, New York, pp. 79-141.
171. Eshelby, J.D. (1974) Calculation of energy release rate, in Prospect of Fracture Mechanics, (eds G.C. Sih, H.C. Van Elst and D. Brock) Nordhoff, UK, pp. 69-84.
172. Eshelby, J.D., Read, W.T. and Shockley, W. (1953) Anisotropic elasticity with applications to dislocation theory. Acta Metallurgica, 1, 251-259.
173. Esna Ashari, S. (2009) An Extended Finite Element Method for Delamination Analysis of Layered Composites. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
174. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2009) XFEM delamination analysis of composite laminates by new orthotropic enrichment functions. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Extended Finite Element Method-Recent Developments and Applications (XFEM2009), Aachen, Germany.
175. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2010a) Modeling interface crack between orthotropic and isotropic materials using extended finite element method. 9th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, 27-30 September 2010, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
176. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2010b) Modeling delamination in composite laminates using XFEM by new orthotropic enrichment functions. WCCM/APCOM 2010; IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 10, 012240, 1-8, Sydney, Australia.
177. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2011a) Delamination analysis of composites by new orthotropic bimaterial extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(13), 1507-1543.
178. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2011b) Debonding propagation analysis of FRP reinforced beams by the extended finite element method, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 Cardiff, United Kingdom (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden).
179. Esna Ashari, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) Fracture Analysis of FRP Reinforced Beams by Orthotropic XFEM. Journal of Composite Materials-Part B, 46(11), 1367-1389.
180. Espinosa, H.D., Dwivedi, S. and Lu, H.-C. (2000) Modeling impact induced delamination of woven fiber reinforced composites with contact/cohesive laws. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 183(3-4), 259-290.
181. Esslinger, V., Kieselbach, R., Koller, R. and Weisse, B. (2004) The railway accident of Eschede technical background. Engineering Failure Analysis, 11, 515-535.
182. Fagerström, M. and Larsson, R. (2006) Theory and numerics for finite deformation fracture modelling using strong discontinuities. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 66, 911-948.
183. Fawkes, A., Owen, D.R.J. and Luxmoore, A. (1979) An assessment of crack tip singularity models for use with isoparamtreic elements. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 11, 143-159.
184. Federici, L., Nobile, L., Piva, A. and Viola, E. (2001) On the intersonic crack propagation in an orthotropic medium. International Journal of Fracture, 112, 69-85.
185. Ferrie, E., Buffiere, J.Y., Ludwig, W. et al. (2006) Fatigue crack propagation: In situ visualization using X-ray microtomography and 3D simulation using the extended finite element method. Acta Materialia, 54, 1111-1122.
186. Folias, E.S. (1999) Failure correlation between cylindrical pressurized vessels and flat plates. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 76(11), 803-811.
187. Foreman, A.J.E. (1955) Dislocation energies in anisotropic crystals. Acta Metallurgica, 3, 322-330.
188. Forghani, A. (2005) Application of the extended finite element method for modeling cohesive crack problems. MSc thesis, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
189. Forschi, R.O. and Barret. J.D. (1976) Stress intensity factors in anisotropic plates using singular isoparametric elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 10, 1281-1287.
190. Freund, L.B. (1972) Energy flux into the tip of an extended crack in an elastic solid. Journal of Elasticity, 2, 341-360.
191. Freund, L.B. (1976) Dynamic crack propagation, in Mechanics of Fracture (ed. F. Erdogan), ASME, pp. 105-134.
192. Freund, L.B. (1990) Dynamic Fracture Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
193. Freund, L.B. and Clifton, R.J. (1974) On the uniqueness of plane elastodynamic solutions for running cracks. Journal of Elasticity, 4(4), 293-299.
194. Freund, L.B. and Douglass, A.S. (1982) The influence of inertia on elastic-plastic anti-plane shear crack growth. Journal of Mechanics of Physics of Solids, 30(1/2), 59-74.
195. Fries, T.P. and Belytschko, T. (2006) The intrinsic XFEM: a method for arbitrary discontinuities without additional unknowns. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 68(13), 1358-1385.
196. Gao, C.F. and Fan, J.X. (1998) The foundation solution for the plane problem of piezoelectric media with an elliptical hole or crack. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 19, 965-973.
197. Gao, H. and Klein, P. (1998) Numerical simulation of crack growth in an isotropic solid with randomized internal cohesive bonds. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 42(6), 187-218.
198. Gao, H., Abbudi, M. and Barnett, D.M. (1992) Interfacial crack-tip field in anisotropic elastic solids. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 40, 393-416.
199. García-Sánchez, F., Zhang, C. and Sáez, A. (2008) A two-dimensional time-domain boundary element method for dynamic crack problems in anisotropic solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75, 1412-1430.
200. Gentilini, C., Piva, A. and Viola, E. (2004) On crack propagation in orthotropic media for degenerate states. European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 23, 247-258.
201. Ghorashi, S.Sh., Mohammadi, S. and Sabbagh-Yazdi, S.R. (2011) Orthotropic enriched element free Galerkin method for fracture analysis of composites. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 78, 1906-1927.
202. Ghorashi, S.S., Valizadeh, N. and Mohammadi, S. (2011) An improved isogeometric analysis using the Lagrange multiplier method. International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM2011, Cardiff, UK, eds. S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden.
203. Ghorashi, S.S., Valizadeh, N. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) Extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) for analysis of stationary and propagating crack. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 89(9), 1069-1101.
204. Gifford, N.L. and Hilton, P.D. (1978) Stress intensity factors by enriched finite elements. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 20, 485-296.
205. Giner, E., Sukumar, N., Fuenmayor, F.J. and Vercher, A. (2008) Singularity enrichment for complete sliding contact using the partition of unity finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 76(9), 1402-1418.
206. Göktepe, S., Acharya, S.N.S., Wong, J. and Kuhl, E. (2011) Computational modeling of passive myocardium. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 27, 1-12.
207. Goodarzi, M., Mohammadi, S. and Jafari, A. (2011) Numerical study of induced gas pressure on controlled blasting. 6th National Congress of Civil Engineering (6NCCE), Semnan, Iran (In Persian).
208. Gosz, M., Dolbow, J., Moran, B. (1998) Domain integral formulation for stress intensity factor computation along curved threedimensional interface cracks. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35, 1763-1783.
209. Gotoh, M. (1967) Some problems of bonded anisotropic plates with crack along the bond. International Journal of Fracture, 3, 253-265.
210. Gracie, R., Ventura, G. and Belytschko, T. (2007) A new fast finite element method for dislocations based on interior discontinuities. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 69, 423-441.
211. Gravouil, A., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2002) Non-planar 3D crack growth by the extended finite element and level sets-Part II: Level set update. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 53, 2569-2586.
212. Gravouil, A., Elguedj, T. and Maigre, H. (2009a) An explicit dynamics extended finite element method. Part 1: Mass lumping for arbitrary enrichment functions. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198, 2297-2317.
213. Gravouil, A., Elguedj, T. and Maigre, H. (2009b) An explicit dynamics extended finite element method. Part 2: Element-by-element stable-explicit/explicit dynamic scheme. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198, 2318-2328.
214. Greco, F., Lonetti, P. and Blasi, N. (2007) An analytical investigation of debonding problems in beams strengthened using composite plates. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 74(3), 346-372.
215. Gregoire, D., Maigre, H. and Combescure, A. (2008) On the growth, the arrest and the restart of a crack during a dynamic brittle fracture experiment. Key Engineering Materials, 385, 245-248.
216. Gregoire, D., Maigre, H., Rethore, J. and Combescure, A. (2007) Dynamic crack propagation under mixed-mode loading-Comparison between experiments and X-FEM simulations. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44, 6517-6534.
217. Griffith, A.A. (1921) The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering, 221, 163-197.
218. Griffith, A.A. (1924) The theory of rupture. Proceedings of International Congress on Applied Mechanics, Delft, pp. 55-62.
219. Gtoudos, E. (1993) Fracture Mechanics: An Introduction, Kluwer Academic Press, The Netherlands.
220. Gu, P., Dao, M. and Asaro, R. (1999) A simplified method for calculating the crack-tip field of functionally graded materials using the domain integral. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 66, 101-108.
221. Gu, P. and Asaro, R.J. (1997) Cracks in functionally graded materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 34(1), 1-17.
222. Haasemann, G., Kästner, M., Prüger, S. and Ulbricht, V. (2011) Development of a quadratic finite element formulation based on the XFEM and NURBS. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2011; Available online: doi: 10.1002/nme.3120.
223. Hajikarimi, P., Mohammadi, S. and Aflaki, S. (2012) Two dimensional creep analysis of a linear cracked viscoelastic medium using the extended finite element method. 6th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS 2012), Vienna, Austria.
224. Hallai, J. (2008) Fracture of orthotropic materials under mixed mode loading. EM 388F Fracture Mechanics: Term Paper, University of Texas at Austin.
225. Harrison, R. P., Loosemore, K., Milne, I. and Dowling, A.R. (1980) Assessment of the integrity of structures containing defects. CEGB Report R/H/R6-Rev.2.
226. Hashagen, F. and de Borst, R. (2000) Numerical assessment of delamination in fibre metal laminates. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 185, 141-159.
227. Hassani, B., Moghaddam, N.Z. and Tavakkoli, S.M. (2009) Isogeometrical solution of Laplace equation. Asian Journalof Civil Engineering, 10, 579-592.
228. Hassani, B., Khanzadi, M. and Tavakkoli, S.M. (2012) An isogeometric approach to structural topology optimization by optimality criteria. Structural and Mulitdisciplinary Optimization, 45(2), 223-233.
229. Hatefi, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) An XFEM Model for Transition of Micro Damage Mechanics to Macro Crack Analysis, University of Tehran, Report: 8102051.
230. Hellen, T.K. and Blackburn, W.S. (1975) The calculation of stress intensity factors for combined tensile and shear loading. International Journal of Fracture, 11(4), 605-617.
231. Hemanth, D., Shivakumar Aradhya, K.S., Rama Murthy, T.S. and Govinda Raju, N. (2005) Strain energy release rates for an interface crack in orthotropic media-a finite element investigation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 72, 759-772.
232. Henshell, R.D. and Shaw, K.G. (1975) Crack tip elements are unnecessary. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 9(3), 495-509.
233. Hettich, T. and Ramm, E. (2006) Interface material failure modeled by the extended finite-element method and level sets. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 4753-4767.
234. Hibbit, H. (1977) Some properties of singular isoparametric elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 11, 180-184.
235. Hirth, J.P. and Lothe, J. (1982) Theory of Dislocations, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
236. Holt, J.B., Koizumi, M., Hirai, T. and Munir, Z.A. (eds) (1993) Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, Ceramic Transactions, vol. 34. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH.
237. Houck, D.L. (1987) Proceedings of the National Thermal Spray Conference, ASM International.
238. Hsu, M.-C., Akkerman, I. and Bazileves, Y. (2011) High-performance computing of wind turbine aerodynamics using isogeometric analysis. Computers and Fluids, 49(1), 93-100.
239. Hsu, M.H. (2006) Concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plates. Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, 9(3), 223-232.
240. Huang, R., Sukumar, N. and Prevost, J.H. (2003) Modeling quasi-static crack growth with the extended finite element method, Part II: Numerical applications. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40, 7539-7552.
241. Hughes, T.J.R. (2000) The Finite Element Method: Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis, Dover Publications.
242. Hughes, T.J.R., Cottrell, J.A. and Bazilevs, Y. (2005) Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194, 4135-4195.
243. Hussain, M., Pu, S. and Underwood, J. (1974) Strain energy release rate for a crack under combined mode I and mode II. ASTM, STP, 560, 2-28.
244. Hutchinson, J. (1968) Singular behavior at the end of a tensile crack tip in a power-law hardening material. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 16, 13-31.
245. Hutchinson, J.W., Mear, M. and Rice, J.R. (1987) Crack paralleling in between dissimilar materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 54, 828-832.
246. Hwu, C. (1993a) Explicit solutions for co-linear crack problems. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 3, 301-312.
247. Hwu, C. (1993b) Fracture parameters for the orthotropic bimaterial cracks. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 45, 89-97.
248. Ilschner, B. and Cherradi, N. (eds) (1995) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Structural and Functional Gradient Materials, Presses Polytechniques et Universitaires Romands, Lausanne, Switzerland.
249. Inglis, C.E. (1913) Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners. Transactions of Institute of Naval Architects, 55, 219-241.
250. Irwin, G.R. (1948) Fracture Dynamics fracturing of metals. American Society for Metals, Cleveland, 147-166.
251. Irwin, G.R. (1957) Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack transversing a plate. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 24, 361-364.
252. Irwin, G.R. (1958) Fracture, in Handbuch der Physik, vol. 6 (ed. S. Flugge), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 551-590.
253. Irwin, G.R. (1961) Plastic zone near a crack tip and fracture toughness. Proceedings of the 7th Sagamore Conference, vol. IV, New York, USA, pp. 63-76.
254. Irwin, G.R., Kies, G.A. and Smith, H.L. (1958) Fracture strength relative to the onset and arrest of crack propagation. Proceedings of ASTM, 58, 640-657.
255. Isenberg, B.C., DiMilla, P.A., Walker, M. et al. (2009) Vascular smooth muscle cell durotaxis depends on substrate stiffness gradient strength. Biophysics Journal, 97, 1313.
256. Ishikawa, H. (1980) A finite element analysis of stress intensity factors for combined tensile and shear loading by only a virtual crack extension. International Journal of Fracture 16(5), 243-246.
257. Jernkvist, L.O. (2001a) Fracture of wood under mixed mode loading I. Derivation of fracture criteria. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 68, 549-563.
258. Jernkvist, L.O. (2001b) Fracture of wood under mixed mode loading II. Experimental investigation of Picea abies. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 68, 565-576.
259. Jernkevist, L.O. and Thuvander, F. (2001) Experimental determination of stiffness variation across growth rings in Picea abies. Holzforschung, 55, 309-317.
260. Jin, C., Shao, J., Zhu, Q. and He, Q. (2011) XFEM modeling of interface damage in heterogeneous geomaterials, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden), Cardiff, United Kingdom.
261. Jirásek, M. (2002) Numerical modeling of strong discontinuities. Revue FrançaisedeGénie Civil, 6(6), 1133-1146.
262. Jirásek, M. and Zimmermann, T. (2001a) Embedded crack model. Part I: Basic formulation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 50, 1269-1290.
263. Jirásek, M. and Zimmermann, T. (2001b) Embedded crack model. Part II: Combination with smeared cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 50, 1291-1305.
264. Kabiri, M.M.R. (2009) XFEM Analysis of Wave Propagation in Cracked Media. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
265. Kalthoff, J.F. (1987), The shadow optical method of caustics, in Static and Dynamic Photoelasticity and Caustics (ed. A. Lagarde), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 407-522.
266. Kalthoff, J.F. (2000) Modes of dynamic shear failure in solids. International Journal of Fracture, 101, 1-31.
267. Kalthoff, J.F. and Winkler, S. (1987) Failure mode transmission at high rates of shear loading. International Conference on Impact Loading and Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Vol.1, 185-195.
268. Kame, M. and Yamashita, T. (1999) Simulation of the spontaneous growth of a dynamic crack without constraints on the crack tip path. Geophysical Journal International, 139, 345-358.
269. Kanninen, M. (1984) Application of fracture mechanics to fiber composite materials and adhesive joint, a review. Third International Conference on Numerical Methods in Fracture Mechanics, Swansea, UK.
270. Kanninen, M. and Popelar, C.H. (1985) Advanced Fracture Mechanics, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
271. Karihaloo, B.L. and Xiao, Q.Z. (2003) Modelling of stationary and growing cracks in FE framework without remeshing: a state-of-the-art review. Computers and Structures, 81, 119-129.
272. Karlsson, A. and Backlund, J. (1978) J-integral at loaded crack surfaces. International Journal of Fracture, 14(6), R311-R314.
273. Kasmalkar, M. (1996) Surface and internal crack problems in a homogeneous substrate coated by a graded layer. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A.
274. Kaysser, W.A. and Ilschner, B. (1995) FGM research activities in Europe. MRS Bulletin 20(1), 22-26.
275. Keesecker, A.L., Dávila, C.G., Johnson, E.R. and Starnes Jr., J.H. (2003) Crack path bifurcation at a tear strap in a pressurized shell. Computers and Structures, 81, 1633-1642.
276. Kerkhof, F. (1970) Bruchvorgange in Gldsern, Verlag der Deutschen Glastechnischen Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 13-22.
277. Kerkhof, F. (1973) Wave fractographic investigations of brittle fracture dynamics, in Dynamic Crack Propagation (eds G.C. Sih), Noordhoff, Leyden, pp. 3-35.
278. Khoei, A.R. and Nikbakht, M. (2006) Contact friction modeling with the extended finite element method (X-FEM). Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 177, 58-62.
279. Khoei, A.R. and Nikbakht, M. (2007) An enriched finite element algorithm for numerical computation of contact friction problems. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 49, 183-199.
280. Khoei, A.R., Shamloo, A. and Azami, A.R. (2006) Extended finite element method in plasticity forming of powder compaction with contact friction. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(18-19), 5421-5448.
281. Khoei, A.R., Shamloo, A., Anahid, M. and Shahim, K. (2006) The extended finite element method (X-FEM) for powder forming problems. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 177, 53-57.
282. Khoei, A.R., Anahid, M. and Shahim, K. (2008) An extended arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method for large deformation of solid mechanics. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 44, 401-416.
283. Khoei, A.R., Anahid, M., Shahim, K. and DorMohammadi, H. (2008) Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method in plasticity of pressure-sensitive material with reference to powder forming process. Computational Mechanics, 42, 13-38.
284. Khoei, S.R., Biabanaki, S.O.R. and Anahid, M. (2008) Extended finite element method for three-dimensional large plasticity deformations on arbitrary interfaces. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197, 1100-1114.
285. Kiendl, J., Bletzinger, K.-U., Linhard, J. and Wüchner, R. (2009) Isogeometric shell analysis with Kirchhoff-Love Elements. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 198, 3902-3914.
286. Kiendl, J., Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M.-C., Wüchner, R. and Bletzinger, K.-U. (2010) The bending strip method for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff-Love shell structures comprised of multiple patches. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199, 2403-2416.
287. Kim, J.-H., Paulino, G.H. (2002a) Finite element evaluation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors in functionally graded materials. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 53(8), 1903-1935.
288. Kim, J.-H. and Paulino, G.H. (2002b) Isoparametric graded finite elements for nonhomogeneous isotropic and orthotropic materials. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 69(4), 502-514.
289. Kim, J.-H. and Paulino, G.H. (2002c) Mixed-mode fracture of orthotropic functionally graded materials using finite elements and the modified crack closure method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69, 1557-1586.
290. Kim, J.-H., Paulino, G.H. (2003a) Mixed-mode J-integral formulation and implementation using graded finite elements for fracture analysis of nonhomogeneous orthotropic materials. Mechanics of Materials, 35(1-2), 107-128.
291. Kim, J.-H., Paulino, G.H. (2003b) An accurate scheme for mixed-mode fracture analysis of functionally graded materials using the interaction integral and micromechanics models. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 1457-1497.
292. Kim, J.-H., Paulino, G.H. (2003c) T-stress, mixed-mode stress intensity factors, and crack initiation angles in functionally graded materials: a unified approach using the interaction integral method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192(11-12), 1463-1494.
293. Kim, J.H. and Paulino, G.H. (2003d) The interaction integral for fracture of orthotropic functionally graded materials: evaluation of stress intensity factors. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40, 3967-4001.
294. Kim, J.-H. and Paulino, G. H. (2004) T-stress in orthotropic functionally graded materials: Lekhnitskii and Stroh formalisms. International Journal of Fracture, 126(4), 345-389.
295. Kim J.-H. and Paulino, G. H. (2005) Consistent formulation of the interaction integral method for fracture of functionally graded materials. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 72, 351-364.
296. Kim J.-H. and Paulino, G. H. (2007) On fracture criteria for mixed-mode crack propagation in functionally graded materials. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 14, 227-244.
297. Kirkaldy, D. (1863) Experiments on Wrought Iron and Steel, 2nd edn, Scribner, New York.
298. Kirsh, G. (1898) Infinite plate containing a circular hole (Die theorie der elastizitat und die bedurfnisse der festigkeitslehre). Zeitschrift der Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, 42, 797-807.
299. Knein, M. (1972) Zur Theorie des Druckvershchs. Abhandlungen aus dem Aerodynamischen Institut an der T.H. Aachen, 7, 62.
300. Kolosov, G.V. (1909) On an application of complex function theory to a plane problem of the mathematical theory of elasticity. Infinite Plate Containing An Elliptical Hole, Yuriev.
301. Kolsky, H. (1953) Stress Waves in Solids, Dover, Mineola, NY.
302. Konda, N., Erdogan, F. (1994) The mixed mode crack problem in a nonhomogeneous elastic medium. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 47, 533-545.
303. Krysl, P. and Belytschko, T. (1999) The element free Galerkin method for dynamic propagation of arbitrary 3-D cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 44, 767-800.
304. Kudryavtsev, B.A., Parton, V.Z. and Rakitin, V.I. (1975a) A rectilinear tunnel crack in the piezoelectric conductor interface. Prikladnaya Matematika I Mekhanika, 39, 145-159 (in Russian).
305. Kudryavtsev, B.A., Parton, V.Z. and Rakitin, V.I. (1975b) Fracture mechanics of piezoelectric materials-An axisym-metric crack in the interface with a conductor. Prikladnaya Matemika I Mekhanika, 39, 352-362 (in Russian).
306. Kuo, M.C. and Bogy, D.B. (1974) Plane solutions for the displacement and traction-displacement problem for anisotropic elastic wedges. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 41, 197-203.
307. Kurihara, K., Sasaki, K. and Kawarada, M. (1990) Adhesion Improvement of Diamond Films, in FGM-90, Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, FGM Forum, Tokoyo, Japan (eds M. Yamanouchi, T. Hirai, M. Koizumi, and I. Shiota).
308. Kysar, J.W., Gan, Y.X. and Mendez-Arzuza, G. (2005) Cylindrical void in a rigid-ideally plastic single crystal. Part I: Anisotropic slip line theory solution for face-centered cubic crystals. International Journal of Plasticity, 21, 1481-1520.
309. Laborde, P., Pommier, J., Renard, Y. and Salaün, M. (2005) High-order extended finite element method for cracked domains. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 64, 354-381.
310. Larsson, R. and Fagerström, M. (2005) A framework for fracture modelling based on the material forces concept with XFEM kinematics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 62, 1763-1788.
311. Lau, K.-T. and Zhou, L.-M. (2001) Mechanical performance of composite-strengthened concrete structures. Composites Part B, 32, 21-31.
312. Lecampion, B. (2009) An extended finite element method for hydraulic fracture problems. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 25(2), 121-133.
313. Lee, D. and Barber, J.R. (2006) An automated procedure for determining asymptotic elastic fields at singular points. Journal of Strain Analysis, 41, 287-295.
314. Lee, K.H. (2000) Stress and displacement fields for propagating the crack along the interface of dissimilar orthotropic materials under dynamic mode I and II load. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 67, 223-228.
315. Lee, K.H., Hawong, J.S. and Choi, S.H. (1996) Dynamic stress intensity factors KI, KII and dynamic crack propagation characteristics of orthotropic material. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 53(1), 119-140.
316. Lee, S.H., Song, J.H., Yoon, Y.C. et al. (2004) Combined extended and superimposed finite element method for cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, 1119-1136.
317. Lee, Y.D. and Erdogan, E. (1995) Residual stresses in FGM and laminated thermal barrier coatings. International Journal of Fracture, 69, 145-165.
318. Legay, A., Wang, H.W. and Belytschko, T. (2005) Strong and weak arbitrary discontinuities in spectral finite elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 64, 991-1008.
319. Legrain, G., Moës, N. and Verron, E. (2005) Stress analysis around crack tips in finite strain problems using the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63, 290-314.
320. Lekhnitskii, S.G. (1968) Anisotropic Plates, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, USA.
321. Li, F.Z., Shih, C.F. and Needleman, A. (1985) A comparison of methods for calculating energy release rates. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 21(2), 405-421.
322. Li, X., Yao, D. and Lewis, R.W. (2003) A discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for dynamic and wave propagation problems in nonlinear solids and saturated porous media. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 57, 1775-1800.
323. Lim, W.K., Choi, S.Y. and Sankar, B.V. (2001) Biaxial load effects on crack extension in anisotropic solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 68, 403-416.
324. Liu, W.K., Chen, Y., Jun, S. et al. (1996) Overview and applications of the reproducing kernel particle methods. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering; State of the Art Reviews, 3, 3-80.
325. Liu, X.Y., Xiao, Q.Z. and Karihaloo, B.L. (2004) XFEM for direct evaluation of mixed mode SIFs in homogeneous and bi-materials. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, 1103-1118.
326. Liu, Sh. (1994) Quasi-impact damage initiation and growth of thick-section and toughened composite materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 31(22), 3079-3098.
327. Liu, M., Hsia, K.J. (2003) Interfacial cracks between piezoelectric and elastic materials under in-plane electric loading. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 51, 921-944.
328. Liu, W.K., Liu, Y., Farrell, D. et al. (2006) Immersed finite element method and applications to biological systems. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195, 1722-1749.
329. Liu, Y., Liu, W.K., Belytschko, T. et al. (2007) Immersed electrokinetic finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 71, 379-405.
330. Liu, G.R. and Trung, N.T. (2010) Smoothed Finite Element Methods. C.R.C. Press.
331. Lu, J. (2011) Isogeometric contact analysis: geometric basis and formulation for frictionless contact. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200, 726-741.
332. Lu, Y.Y., Belytschko, T. and Tabbara, M. (1995) Element-free Galerkin method for wave propagation and dynamic fracture. Computational Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 126, 131-53.
333. Lu, X.Z., Teng, J.G., Ye, L.P. and Jiang, J.J. (2005) Bond-slip models for FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete. Engineering Structures, 27(6), 920-37.
334. Lu, X.Z., Jiang, J.J., Teng, J.G. and Ye, L.P. (2006) Finite element simulation of debonding in FRP-to-concrete bonded joints. Construction and Building Materials, 20, 412-424.
335. Macneal, R.H. (1994) Finite Elements: Their Design and Performance, Marcell Dekker, Inc., USA.
336. Madani, S.A. and Mohammadi, S. (2011) Simulation of underwatershockwave by corrective smoothed particle method (CSPM). International Conference on Particles (Particles 2011), Barcelona, Spain.
337. Mahdavi, A. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) An extended finite element method for pressurized cohesive crack analysis in concrete gravity dams. 6th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS 2012), Vienna, Austria.
338. Mahin, S.A. (1997) Lessons from steel buildings damaged during the Northridge earthquake, Tech. rep., National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, http://nisee.berkeley.edu/northridge/mahin.html.
339. Mahmoudi, S.N. (2009) Crack Analysis in FGM Composites by the Extended Finite Element Method. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
340. Maigre, H. and Rittel, D. (1993) Mixed-mode quantification for dynamic fracture initiation: application to the compact compression specimen. International Journal Solids Structures, 30(23), 3233-3244.
341. Malekafzali, S. (2010) An Extended Finite Element Method for Dislocation Dynamics in Nano Scale Anisotropic Material. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran (In Persian).
342. Malnic, E. and Meyer, R. (1988) Aging jet had troubled past, records show. Los Angeles Times, Section 1, Page 1.
343. Malysev, B.M. and Salganik, R.L. (1965) The strength of adhesive joints using the theory of cracks. International Journal of Fracture, 1, 114-127.
344. Manogg, P. (1966) Investigation of the rupture of a plexiglas plate by means of an optical method involving high-speed filming of the shadows originating around holes drilled in the plate. International Journal of Fracture, 2(4), 604-613.
345. Mariani, S. and Perego, U. (2003) Extended finite element method for quasi-brittle fracture. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 103-126.
346. McMeeking, R.M. (1989) Electrostructive forces near crack-like flaws. International Journal of Engineering Science, 40, 615-627.
347. McMeeking, R.M. (2004) The energy release rate for a Griffith crack in a piezoelectric material. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 71, 1149-1163.
348. Meguid, S.A. (1989) Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Elsevier Applied Science, UK.
349. Meier, U. (1995) Strengthening of structures using carbon fibre/epoxy composites. Construction and Building Materials, 9(6), 341-51.
350. Meier, S.M., Nissley, D.M. and Sheffler, K.D. (1991) Thermal barrier coating life prediction model development. NASA Contractor Report 189111.
351. Melenk, J.M. and Babuska, I. (1996) The Partition of Unity Finite Element Method: Basic Theory and Applications. Seminar fur Angewandte Mathematik, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Research Report No. 96-01, January, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
352. Menouillard, T., Réthoré, J., Combescure A. and Bung, H. (2006) Efficient explicit time stepping for the extended finite element method (X-FEM). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 68(9), 911-939.
353. Menouillard, T., Réthoré, J., Moes, N., Combescure A. and Bung, A. (2008) Mass lumping strategies for X-FEM explicit dynamics: application to crack propagation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 74(3), 447-474.
354. Menouillard, T., Song, J.H., Duan, Q. and Belytschko, T. (2010) Time dependent crack tip enrichment for dynamic crack propagation. International Journal of Fracture, 162, 33-49.
355. Mergheim, J., Kuh, E. and Steinmann, P. (2005) A finite element method for the computational modelling of cohesive cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63, 276-289.
356. Mergheim, J., Kuh, E. and Steinmann, P. (2006) Towards the algorithmic treatment of 3D strong discontinuities. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 23(2), 97-108.
357. Mi, Y. and Crisfield, M.A. (1996) Analytical derivation of load/displacement relationship for the DCB and MMb and proof of the FEA formulation. IC-AERO Report 97-02, Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, London, UK.
358. Mi, Y., Crisfield, M.A., Davies, G.A.O. and Hellweg, H.-B. (1998) Progressive delamination using interface elements. Journal of Composite Materials, 32(14), 1246-1272.
359. Mirzaei, M. (2008) Failure analysis of an exploded gas cylinder. Engineering Failure Analysis, 15(7), 820-834.
360. Mirzaei, M., Razmjoo, A. and Pourkamali, A. (2001) Failure analysis of the girth gear of an industrial ball mill. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Fracture (ICF10), USA.
361. Moës, N. (2011) The thick level method (TLS) to model damage growth and transition to fracture, in International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 Cardiff, United Kingdom, (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo and P. Kerfriden).
362. Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2002a) Extended finite element method for cohesive crack growth. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69, 813-833.
363. Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2002b) X-FEM: De nouvelles frontières pour les éléments finis. Revue Européenne des Eléments Finis, 11, 305-318.
364. Moës, N., Dolbow, J. and Belytschko, T. (1999) A finite element method for crack growth without remeshing. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 46, 131-150.
365. Moës, N., Gravouil, A. and Belytschko, T. (2002) Non-planar 3D crack growth by the extended finite element and level sets-Part I: Mechanical model. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 53, 2549-2568.
366. Moës, N., Cloirec, M., Cartraud, P. and Remacle, J.F. (2003) A computational approach to handle complex microstructure geometries. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192, 3163-3177.
367. Moës, N., Stolz, C., Bernard, P.-E. and Chevaugeon, N. (2011) A level set based model for damage growth: The thick level set approach. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(3), 358-380.
368. Moghaddam, A.S., Ghajar, R. and Alfano, M. (2011) Finite element evaluation of stress intensity factors in curved non-planar cracks in FGMs. Mechanics Research Communications, 38, 17-23.
369. Mohammadi, S. (2003a) Discontinuum Mechanics by Combined Finite/Discrete Elements, WIT Press, UK.
370. Mohammadi, S. (2003b) Impact resistance of composite structures. International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE 2001), Hong Kong, pp. 1479-1486.
371. Mohammadi, S. (2008) Extended Finite Element Method for Fracture Analysis of Structures, Wiley-Blackwell, UK.
372. Mohammadi, S. (2012) Multiscale Analysis. Lecture notes, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
373. Mohammadi, S. and Forouzan-Sepehr, S. (2003) 3D adaptive multi fracture analysis of composites. Materials Science Forum, Part B, 440-441, 145-152.
374. Mohammadi, S. and Asadpoure, A. (2006) A novel approach to analyze a crack with XFEM in composite meida. International Conference on Computational Methods in Engineering (ICOME), Hefei, China.
375. Mohammadi, S. and Moosavi, A.A. (2007) 3D multi delamination/fracture analysis of composites subjected to impact loadings. Journal of Composite Materials, Part B, 41(12), 1459-1475.
376. Mohammadi, S. and Malekafzali, S. (2011) Application of Disclocation Dynamics for Analysis of New Orthotropic Materials in Nano-Scale. Report HRDC-22139, Iran Nano Technology Initiative Council.
377. Mohammadi, S. and Bayesteh, H. (2011) Fracture Analysis of Cracked Pressurizdd Shells. University of Tehran, Report: 8102051-1-1.
378. Mohammadi, S. and Bayesteh, H. (2012) XFEM Fracture Analysis of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials. Iran National Sience Foundation, Report 90003421-1.
379. Mohammadi, S. and Esna Ashari, S. (2012) Delamination Analysis of FRP Strengthened Structures. University of Tehran, Report: 8102051-1-2.
380. Mohammadi, S. and Motamedi, D. (2012) Dynaimc XFEM Fracture Analysis of Orthotropic Composites. Iran National Sience Foundation, Report 90003421-2.
381. Mohammadi, S., Owen, D.R.J. and Peric, D. (1997) Delamination analysis of composites by discrete element method. Computational Plasticity, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1206-1213.
382. Mohammadi S., Owen, D.R.J. and Peric, D. (1998) A combined finite/discrete element algorithm for delamination analysis of composites. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 28, 321-336.
383. Mohammadi, S., Owen D.R.J. and Peric D. (1999) Progressive fracture analysis of layered composites by a combined finite/discrete element algorithm. Scientia Iranica, 6(3-4), 225-232.
384. Mohammadi, S., Forouzan-Sepehr, S. and Asadollahi, A. (2002) Contact based delamination and fracture analysis of composites. Thin Walled Structures, 40, 595-609.
385. Moosavi, A.A. and Mohammadi, S. (2007) Modelling dynamic response of concrete beams strengthened by FRP composites. 1st National Civil Engineering Conference, Tehran, Iran, p. 119 (In Persian).
386. Moran, B. and Shih, C.F. (1987) Crack tip and associated integrals from momentum and energy balance. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 17(6), 615-642.
387. Motamedi, D. (2008) Dynamic Fracture Analysis of Composites by XFEM. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
388. Motamedi, D. and Mohammadi, S. (2010a) Dynamic analysis of fixed cracks in composites by the extended finite element method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 77, 3373-3393.
389. Motamedi, D. and Mohammadi, S. (2010b) Dynamic crack propagation analysis of orthotropic media by the extended finite element method. International Journal of Fracture, 161, 21-39.
390. Motamedi, D. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) Fracture Analysis of Composites by Time Independent Moving-Crack Orthotropic XFEM. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 54, 20-37.
391. Murrel, S.A.F. (1964) The theory of the propagation of elliptical Grifith cracks under various conditions of plane strain or plane stress: Part 1. British Journal of Applied Physics, 15(10), 119-1210.
392. Muskhelishvili, N.I. (1953) Some Basic Problems on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Translated by J.R.M. Radok, Noordhoof, Groningen, The Netherlands.
393. Nadeau, J. and Ferrari,M. (1999) Microstructural optimization of a functionally graded transversely isotropic layer, Mechanics of Materials, 31, 637-651.
394. Nagashima, T. and Suemasu, H. (2004) Application of extended finite element method to fracture of composite materials. European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS), Jyväskylä, Finland.
395. Nagashima, T. and Suemasu, H. (2006) Stress analysis of composite laminates with delamination using XFEM. International Journal of Computational Methods, 3, 521-543.
396. Nagashima, T., Omoto, Y. and Tani, S. (2003) Stress intensity factor analysis of interface cracks using X-FEM. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 56, 1151-1173.
397. Natarajan, S., Baiz, P.M., Bordas, S. et al. (2011) Natural frequencies of cracked functionally graded material plates by the extended finite element method. Composite Structures, article in press, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.04.007.
398. Neto, E. de S., Peric, D. and Owen, D.R.J. (2008) Computational Methods for Plasticity-Theory and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
399. Nielsen, P.N., Gersborg, A.R., Gravesen, J. and Pedersen, N.L. (2011) Discretizations in Isogeometric Analysis of Navier-Stokes Flow. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200(45-46), 3242-3253.
400. Niino, M. and Maeda, S. (1990) Recent development status of functionally graded materials. The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 30, 699-703.
401. Nikishkov, G.P. and Atluri, S.N. (1987) Calculation of fracture mechanics parameters for an arbitrary three-dimensional crack, by the 'equivalent domain integral' method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 24, 1801-1821.
402. Nilson, R.H., Proffer, W.J. and Duff, R.E. (1985) Modeling of gas-driven fracture induced by propellant combustion within a borehole. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechics, 22(1), 3-19.
403. Nilsson, F. (1974) A note on the stress singularity at a nonuniformly moving crack tip. Journal of Elasticity, 4, 73.
404. Nishioka, T. and Atluri, S.N. (1980a) Numerical modeling of dynamic crack propagation in finite bodies, by moving singular elements, Part 1: Formulation. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47, 570-576.
405. Nishioka, T. and Atluri, S.N. (1980b) Numerical modeling of dynamic crack propagation in finite bodies, by moving singular elements, Part 2: Results. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47, 577-583.
406. Nishioka, T. and Atluri, S.N. (1983) Path-independent integrals, energy release rates and general solutions of near tip fields in mixed-mode dynamic fracture mechanics. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 18, 1-22.
407. Nishioka, T. and Atluri, S.N. (1984) On the computation of mixed-mode K-factors for a dynamically propagating crack using path-independent integrals J'k. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 20(2), 193-208.
408. Nishioka, T., Tokudome, H. and Kinoshita, M. (2001) Dynamic fracture-path prediction in impact fracture phenomena using moving finite element method based on Delaunay automatic mesh generation. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38, 5273-5301.
409. Nistor, I., Pantale, O. and Caperaa, S. (2008) Numerical implementation of the extended finite element method for dynamic crack analysis. International Journal of Advances in Engineering Software, 39, 573-587.
410. Nobile, L. and Carloni, C. (2005) Fracture analysis for orthotropic cracked plates. Composite Structures, 68(33), 285-293.
411. O'Brien, K. (1985) Analysis of local delaminations and their influence on composite laminate behaviour, in Delami-nation and Debonding of Materials (ed. W.S. Johnson), ASTM STP 876, pp. 282-297.
412. Oliver, J., Huespe, A.E., Pulido, M.D.G. and Samaniego, E. (2003) On the strong discontinuity approach in finite deformation settings. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 56, 1051-1082.
413. Oliver, J., Huespe, A.E., Blanco, S. and Linero, D.L. (2006) Stability and robustness issues in numerical modeling of material failure with the strong discontinuity approach. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 195(52), 7093-7114.
414. Onate, E., Idelsohn, S., Fischer, T. and Zienkiewicz, O.C. (1995) A finite point method for analysis of fluid flow problems. Ninth International Conference on Finite Elements in Fluids, Venice, Italy, pp. 15-21.
415. Orowan, E. (1948) Fracture and strength of solids. Reports on Progress in Physics, XII, 185-232.
416. Osher, S. and Sethian, J.A. (1988) Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations. Journal of Computational Physics, 79(1), 12-49.
417. Ostad, H. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) A stabilized particle method for large deformation dynamic analysis of structures. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, Inpress.
418. Ou, Z.C. and Chen, Y.H. (2004) Near-tip stress fields and intensity factors for an interface crack in metal/piezoelectric biomaterials. International Journal of Engineering Science, 42, 1407-1438.
419. Owen, D.R.J. and Fawkes, A. (1983) Engineering Fracture Mechanics: Numerical Methods and Applications, Pineridge Press Ltd, Swansea, UK.
420. Ozturk, M., Erdogan, F. (1997) Mode I crack problem in an inhomogeneous orthotropic medium. International Journal of Engineering Science, 35(9), 869-883.
421. Pagano, N.J. (1974) On the Calculation of Interlaminar Normal Stress in Composite Laminate. Journal of Composite Materials, 8, 65-81.
422. Pak, Y.E. and Tobin, A. (1993) On electric field effects in fracture of piezoelectric materials, in Mechanics of Electromagnetic Materials and Structures (eds J. S.Lee and G.A. Maugin), ASME, AMD-161, MD-42, 51-62.
423. Parchei, M. (2012) Application of XFEM for Simulation of Fault Sliding. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
424. Parchei, M., Mohammadi, S. and Zafarani, H. (2011) Two-dimensional dynamic extended finite element method for simulation of seismic fault rupture, International Conference on Extended Finite Element Methods-XFEM 2011 Cardiff, United Kingdom, (eds S. Bordas, B. Karihaloo, and P. Kerfriden).
425. Parchei, M., Mohammadi, S. and Zafarani, H. (2012) Extended finite element method for simulation of dynamic fault rupture. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, IIESS, Iran. In press.
426. Paris, P.C., Gomez, M.P. and Anderson, W.E. (1961) A rational analytic theory of fatigue. The Trend in Engineering, 13(1), 9-14.
427. Parker, A.P. (1981) The Mechanics of Fracture and Fatigue, An Introduction, E. & F.N. SPON Ltd.
428. Parks, D. (1974) A stiffness derivative finite element technique for determination of crack tip stress intensity factors. International Journal of Fracture, 10(4), 487-502.
429. Parton, V.Z. (1976) Fracture mechanics of piezoelectric materials. Acta Astronautica, 3, 671-683.
430. Patrikalakis, N.M. (2003) Computational Geometry. Lecture Notes, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
431. Patzak, B. and Jirásek, M. (2003) Process zone resolution by extended finite elements. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70, 957-977.
432. Peerlings, R.H.J., de Borst, R., Brekelmans, W.A.M. and Geers, M.G.D. (2002) Localisation issues in local and nonlocal continuum approaches to fracture. European Journal of Mechanics-A: Solids, 21, 175-189.
433. Pesic, N. and Pilakoutas, K. (2003) Concrete beams with externally bonded flexural FRP-reinforcement: analytical investigation of debonding failure. Composites: Part B, 34, 327-338.
434. Peters, M. and Hack, K. (2005) Numerical aspects of the extended finite element method. Proceedings of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 5, 355-356.
435. Pichugin, A.V., Askes, H. and Tyas, A. (2008) The equivalence of asymptotic homogenisation procedures and fine-tuning of continuum theories. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 313(3-5), 858-874.
436. Piegl, L. and Tiller, W. (1997) The NURBS book (Monographs in Visual Communication), 2nd edn, Springer-Verlag, New York.
437. Pipes, R.B. and Pagano, N.J. (1970) Interlaminar stresses in composite laminates under uniform axial extensions. Journal of Composite Materials, 4, 538-548.
438. Pipes, R.B. and Pagano, N.J. (1974) Interlaminar stresses in composite laminates-an approximate elasticity solution. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 41, 668-672.
439. Piva, A. and Viola, E. (1988) Crack propagation in an orthotropic medium. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 29, 535-548.
440. Piva, A., Viola, E. and Tornabene, F. (2005) Crack propagation in an orthotropic medium with coupled elastodynamic properties. Mechanics Research Communications, 32, 153-159.
441. Pommier, S., Gravouil, A., Combescure, A. and Moes, N. (2011) Extended Finite Element Method for Crack Propagation, Wiley-ISTE.
442. Prabel, B., Marie, S. and Combescure, A. (2008) Using the X-FEM method to model the dynamic propagation and arrest of cleavage cracks in ferritic steel. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75(10), 2984-3009.
443. Qian, W., Sun, C.T. (1998) Methods for calculating stress intensity factors for interfacial cracks between two orthotropic solids. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35, 3317-3330.
444. QingWen, J. L., YuWen, D. and TianTang, Y.U. (2009) Numerical modeling of concrete hydraulic fracturing with extended finite element method. Science in China Series E: Technological Science, 52(3), 559-565.
445. Qu, J. and Bassani, J.L. (1993) Interfacial fracture mechanics for anisotropic biomaterials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 60, 422-431.
446. Qun, L. and Yiheng, C. (2007) Analysis of crack-tip singularities for an interfacial permeable crack in metal/piezoelectric biomaterials. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 20(3). doi: 10.1007/s10338-007-0729-6.
447. Rabczuk, T. and Wall, W.A. (2006) Extended finite element and meshfree methods. Technical University of Munich, Germany, WS200/2007.
448. Rabinovitch, O. (2004) Fracture-mechanics failure criteria for RC beams strengthened with FRP strips-a simplified approach. Composite Structures, 64(3-4), 479-492.
449. Rabinovitch, O. (2008) Debonding analysis of fiber-reinforced-polymer strengthened beams: Cohesive zone modeling versus a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75, 2842-2859.
450. Rabinovitch, O. and Frosting, Y. (2001) Delamination failure of RC beams strengthened with FRP strips: a closed form high order fracture mechanics approach. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 127(8), 852-861.
451. Rao, B.N. and Rahman, S. (2003) Mesh-free analysis of cracks in isotropic functionally graded materials. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70(1), 1-27.
452. Rashetnia, R. (2012) Finite Strain Fracture Analysis of Structures using the Extended Finite Element Method. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
453. Remmers, J.J.C., Wells, G.N. and de Borst, R. (2003) A solid-like shell element allowing for arbitrary delaminations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 2013-2040.
454. Rethore, J., Gravouil, A. and Combescure, A. (2004) A stable numerical scheme for the finite element simulation of dynamic crack propagation with remeshing. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 193(42-44), 4493-4510.
455. Réthoré, J., Gravouil, A. and Combescure, A. (2005a) An energy-conserving scheme for dynamic crack growth using the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63, 631-659.
456. Réthoré, J., Gravouil, A. and Combescure, A. (2005b) A combined space-time extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 63, 631-659.
457. Réthoré, J., Gravouil, A., Morestin, F. and Combescure, A. (2005) Estimation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors using digital image correlation and an interaction integral. International Journal of Fracture, 132, 65-79.
458. Rezaei, S.N. (2010) Development of an Extended Finite Element Method for Simulation of Space-Time Singularities. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran, Iran.
459. Rice, J.R. (1968a) Path-independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 35(2), 379-386.
460. Rice, J.R. (1968b) Mathematical analysis in the mechanics of fracture, in Fracture (ed. H. Leibowitzm), Academic Press, p. 191.
461. Rice, J.R. (1987) Tensile crack tip fields in elastic-ideally plastic crystals. Mechanics of Materials, 6, 317-335.
462. Rice, J.R. (1988) Elastic fracture mechanics concepts for interfacial cracks. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 55, 98-103.
463. Rice, J.R. and Levy, N. (1972) The part-through surface crack in an elastic plate. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 39, 185-194.
464. Rice, J.R. and Rosengren, G.F. (1968) Plane strain deformation near a crack tip in a power-law hardening material. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 16, 1-12.
465. Rice, J.R. and Sih, G.C. (1965) Plane problems of cracks in dissimilar media. Journal Of Applied Mechanics, 32, 418-423.
466. Rice, J.R., Hawk, D.E. and Asaro, R.J. (1990) Crack tip fields in ductile crystals. International Journal of Fracture, 42, 301-321.
467. Rizkalla, S., Hassan, T. and Hassan, N. (2003) Design recommendations for the use of FRP for reinforcement and strengthening of concrete structures. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, 5(1), 16-28.
468. Roberts, T.M. (1989) Shear and normal stresses in adhesive joints. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 115(11), 2460-2476.
469. Roh, H.Y. and Cho, M. (2004) The application of geometrically exact shell elements to B-spline surfaces. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 193, 2261-2299.
470. Rojas-Di{dotless}az, R., Sukumar, N., Saez, A. and Garci{dotless}a-Sanchez, F. (2011) Fracture in magnetoelectroelastic materials using the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 88(12), 1238-1259.
471. Romanowicz, M. and Seweryn, A. (2008) Verification of a non-local stress criterion for mixed mode fracture in wood. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75, 3141-3160.
472. Rosakis, A.J. and Freund, L.B. (1982) Optical measurement of the plastic strain concentration at a crack tip in a ductile steel plate. Journal of Engineering Materialsand Technology, 104, 115-120.
473. Rousseau, C.-E. and Tippur, H.V. (2000) Compositionally graded materials with cracks normal to the elastic gradient. Acta Materialia, 48(16), 4021-4033.
474. Rowlands, R.E. (1985) Strength (failure) theories and their experimental correlation. in Handbook of Composites,vol. 3-Failure Mechanics of Composites (eds G.C. Sih and A.M. Skudra), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Ch. 2, pp. 71-125.
475. Rubio-Gonzales, C., Mason, J.J. (1998) Closed form solutions for dynamic stress intensity factors at the tip of uniformly loaded semi-infinite cracks in orthotropic materials. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 48, 899-925.
476. Sadd, M.H. (2005) Elasticity: Theory, Applications, and Numeric, Elsevier.
477. Sadeghirad, A. and Mohammadi, S. (2007) Equilibrium on the line method (ELM) for imposition of Neumann boundary conditions in the finite point method (FPM). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 69, 60-86.
478. Samaniego, E. and Belytschko, T. (2005) Continuum-discontinuum modelling of shear bands. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 62, 1857-1872.
479. Sampath, S., Herman, H., Shimoda, N. and Saito, T. (1995) Thermal spray processing of FGMs. MRS Bulletin, 20(1), 27-31.
480. Saouma, V.E. (2000) Fracture mechanics. Lecture notes CVEN-6831, Univesity of Colorado, USA.
481. Saouma, V.E. and Sikiotis, E.S. (1986) Stress intensity factors in anisotropic bodies using singular isoparametric elements. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 25, 115-121.
482. Saouma, V.E., Ayari, M. and Leavell, D. (1987) Mixed mode crack propagation in homogeneous anisotropic solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 27(2), 171-184.
483. Schardin, H. (1959) Velocity effects in fracture, in Fracture (eds B.L. Averbach et al.), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 297-330.
484. Sethi, M., Gupta, K.C., Kakar, R. and Gupta, M.P. (2011) Propagation of love waves in a non-homogeneous orthotropic layer under compression 'p' overlying semi-infinite non-homogeneous medium. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 7(10), 97-110.
485. Sethian, J.A. (1987) Numerical methods for propagating fronts, in Variational Methods for Free Surface Interfaces (eds P. Concus and R. Finn), Springer, New York, USA, pp. 155-164.
486. Sethian, J.A. (1996) A marching level set method for monotonically advancing fronts. Proceedings of National Academy of Science, 93(4), 1591-1595.
487. Sethian, J.A. (1999a) Fast marching methods. SIAM Review, 41(2), 199-235.
488. Sethian, J.A. (1999b) Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
489. Sethian, J.A. (2001) Evolution, implementation, and application of level set and fast marching methods for advancing fronts. Journal of Computational Physics, 169(2), 503-555.
490. Sevilla, R., Fernández-Méndez, S. and Huerta, A. (2008) NURBS-enhanced finite element method (NEFEM). International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 76(1), 56-83.
491. Sha, G. (1984) On the virtual crack extension technique for stress intensity factors and energy release rate calculation for mixed fracture modes. International Journal of Fracture, 25(2), 33-42.
492. Shahi, S. and Mohammadi, S. (2012) Heart Simulation: A Biomechanical Multiscale Approach. University of Tehran, Report: 8102051.
493. Shamloo, A., Azami, A.R. and Khoei, A.R. (2005) Modeling of pressure-sensitive materials using a cap plasticity theory in extended finite element method. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 164-165, 1248-1257.
494. Sharifabadi, H. (1990) Theory of Elasticity. Lecture Notes, University of Tehran, Iran.
495. Sharma, K., Biu, T.Q., Zhang, Ch. and Bhargava, R.R. (2012) Analysis of subinterface crack in piezoelectric bimaterials with the extended finite element method. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, In press.
496. Shih, C., de Lorenzi, H. and German, M. (1976) Crack extension modelling with singular quadratic isoparametric elements. International Journal of Fracture, 12, 647-651.
497. Shih, C.F. (1991) Cracks on bimaterial interfaces: Elasticity and plasticity aspects. Material Science and Engineering A, 143, 77-90.
498. Shih, W.M. and Lin, C. (2010) Knitting complex weaves with DNA origami. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 20(3), 276-282.
499. Shindo, Y. and Hiroaki, H. (1990) Impact response of symmetric edge cracks in an orthotropic strip. Fracture and Strength, 436-441.
500. Shindo, Y.Z., Murakami, H., Horiguchi, K. and Narita, F. (2002) Evaluation of electric fracture properties of piezoelectric ceramics using the finite element and single-edge pre-cracked-beam methods. Journal of Americam Ceramics Society, 85, 1243-1248.
501. Shishvan, S.S., Mohammadi, S., Rahimian, M. and Van der Giessen, E. (2011) Plane-strain discrete dislocation plasticity incorporating anisotropic elasticity. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 48, 374-387.
502. Shukla, A., Chalivendra, V.B., Parameswran, V. and Lee, K.H. (2003) Photoelastic investigation of fracture between orthotropic and isotropic materials. Optic and Lasers in Engineering, 40, 307-324.
503. Sih, G.C. (1968) Some elastodynamic problems of cracks. International Journal of Fracture, 4, 51-68.
504. Sih, G.C. (1973) Handbook of Stress Intensity Factors for Researchers and Engineers, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
505. Sih, G.C. (1974) Strain energy density factors applied to mixed mode crack problems. International Journal of Fracture, 10, 305-321.
506. Sih, G.C. and Irwin, G.R. (1970) Dynamic analysis for two-dimensional multiple crack division. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1, 603-614.
507. Sih, G.C. and Chen, E.P. (1980) Normal and shear impact of layered composite with a crack: dynamic stress intensification. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47, 351-358.
508. Sih, G.C., Paris, P. and Irwin, G. (1965) On cracks in rectilinearly anisotropic bodies. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1(3), 189-203.
509. Soleymani Shishvan, S., Mohammadi, S. and Rahimian, M. (2008) A dislocation dynamics based derivation of the Frank-Read sources characteristics for discrete dislocation plasticity. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 16, 075002.
510. Song, J.H., Areias, P.M.A. and Belytschko, T. (2006) A method for dynamic crack and shear band propagation with phantom nodes. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 67, 868-893.
511. Sosa, H. and Khutoryansky, N. (1996) New Development Concerning Piezoelectric Materials with Defect. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 33, 3399-3414.
512. Sou, Z. (1990) Singularities, interfaces and cracks in dissimilar anisotropic media. Proceedings of Royal Society of London, 427, 331-358.
513. Sprenger, W., Gruttmann, F. and Wagner, W. (2000) Delamination growth analysis in laminated structures with continuum-based 3D-shell elements and a viscoplastic softening model. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 185, 123-139.
514. Stazi, F.L., Budyn, E., Chessa, J. and Belytschko, T. (2003) An extended finite element method with higher-order elements for curved cracks. Computational Mechanics, 31, 38-48.
515. Stolarska, M. and Chopp, D.L. (2003) Modeling thermal fatigue cracking in integrated circuits by level sets and the extended finite element method. International Journal of Engineering Science, 41, 2381-2410.
516. Stolarska, M., Chopp, D.L., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2001) Modelling crack growth by level sets in the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 51, 943-960.
517. Stroh, A.N. (1958) Dislocations and cracks in anisotropic elasticity. Philosophical Magazine, 3, 625-646.
518. Sukumar, N., Chopp, D.L., Moës, N. and Belytschko, T. (2001) Modeling holes and inclusions by level sets in the extended finite-element method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, 6183-6200.
519. Sukumar, N., Chopp, D.L. and Moran, B. (2003) Extended finite element method and fast marching method for three-dimensional fatigue crack propagation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70, 29-48.
520. Sukumar, N., Huang, Z., Prevost, J.H. and Suo, Z. (2004) Partition of unity enrichment for bimaterial interface cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, 1075-1102.
521. Sukumar, N., Moës, N., Moran, B. and Belytschko, T. (2000) Extended finite element method for three-dimensional crack modeling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 48, 1549-1570.
522. Sukumar, N. and Prevost, J.H. (2003) Modeling quasi-static crack growth with the extended finite element method, Part I: Computer implementation. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40, 7513-7537.
523. Sukumar, N., Srolovitz, D.J., Baker, T.J. and Prevost, J.H. (2003) Brittle fracture in polycrystalline microstructures with the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 56, 2015-2037.
524. Sumi, Y. and Kagohashi, Y. (1983) A fundamental research on the growth pattern of cracks (second report). Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, 152, 397-404 (in Japanese).
525. Sun, C.T. and Jih, C.J. (1987) On strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in bimaterial media. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 28, 13-20.
526. Sun, C.T. and Manoharan, M.G. (1989) Strain energy release rate of an interfacial crack between two orthotropic solids. Journal of Composite Materials, 23, 460-478.
527. Sun, W. and Sacks, M.S. (2005) Finite element implementation of a generalized Fung-elastic constitutive model for planar soft tissues. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 4(2-3), 190-199.
528. Suo, Z. (1990) Singularities, interfaces and cracks in dissimilar anisotropic media. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series A, 427(1873), 331-358.
529. Suo, X.Z. and Combescure, A. (1992) On the application of G(O) method and its comparison with De Lorenzi's approach. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 135, 207-224.
530. Svensson, A.S. (2012) Comet 1 worlds first jetliner. http://w1.901.telia.com/u90113819/archives/comet.htm (accessed 14 April 2012).
531. Swenson, D. (1986) Derivation of the near-tip stress and displacement fields for a moving crack without using complex functions. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 24(2), 315-321.
532. Swenson, D. and Ingraffea, A. (1988) Modeling mixed mode dynamic crack propagation using finite elements: Theory and applications. Computational Mechanics, 3, 381-397.
533. Szabo, B.A. and Babuska, I. (1991) Finite Element Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
534. Tada, T. and Yamashita, T. (1997) Non-hypersingular boundary integral equations for two-dimensional non-planar crack analysis. Geophysical Journal International, 130(2), 269-282.
535. Takahashi, H., Ishikawa, T., Okugawa, D. and Hashida, T. (1993) Laser and plasma-arc thermal shock/fatigue fracture evaluation procedure for functionally gradient materials, in (eds G. Schneider and G. Petzow ), Thermal Shock and Thermal Fatigue Behavior of Advanced Ceramics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 543-554.
536. Taljsten, B. (1997) Strengthening of beams by plate bonding. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 9(4), 206-12.
537. Tarancon, J.E., Vercher, A., Giner, E. and Fuenmayor, F.J. (2009) Enhanced blending elements for XFEMapplied to linear elastic fracture mechanics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 77, 126-148.
538. Temizer, I., Wriggers, P. and Hughes, T.J.R. (2011) Contact treatment in isogeometric analysis with NURBS. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 200, 1100-1112.
539. Teng, J.G., Chen, J.F., Smith, S.T. and Lam, L. (2002) FRP-Strengthened RC Structures, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
540. Teng, J.G., Yuan, H. and Chen, J.F. (2006) FRP-to-concrete interfaces between two adjacent cracks. Theoretical model for debonding failure. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(18-19), 5750-5778.
541. Tewary, V.K., Wagoner, R.H. and Hirth, J.P. (1989) Elastic Green's function for a composite solid with a planar interface. Journal of Materials Research, 4, 113-136.
542. TianTang, Y. and QingWen, R. (2011) Modeling crack in viscoelastic media using the extended finite element method. Science China, 54(6), 1599-1606.
543. Ting, T.C.T. (1986) Explicit solution and invariance of the singularities at a crack in anisotropic composites. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 22, 965-983.
544. Tipper, C.F. (1962) The Brittle Fracture Story, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
545. Tupholme, G.E. (1974) A study of cracks in orthotropic crystals using dislocations layers. Journal of Engineering and Mathematics, 8, 57-69.
546. Tvergaard, V. (1990) Effect of fibre debonding in a whisker-reinforced metal. Materials Science and Engineering A, 125, 203-213.
547. Vaidya, N.K., Huang, H. and Takagi, S. (2010) Coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation of interaction between hemagglutinin fusion peptides and lipid bilayer membranes. Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2(4), 430-450.
548. Ventura, G. (2006) On the elimination of quadrature subcells for discontinuous functions in the extended finite-element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 66, 761-795.
549. Ventura, G., Budyn, E. and Belytschko, T. (2003) Vector level sets for description of propagating cracks in finite elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 58, 1571-1592.
550. Ventura, G., Gracie, R. and Belytschko, T. (2009) Fast integration and weight function blending in the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 77, 1-29.
551. Ventura, G., Moran, B. and Belytschko, T. (2005) Dislocations by partition of unity. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 62, 1463-1487.
552. Verhoosel, C.V., Scott, M.A., Hughes, T.J.R. and de Borst, R. (2010a) An isogeometric analysis approach to gradient damage models. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 86(1), 115-134.
553. Verhoosel, C.V., Scott, M.A., de Borst, R. and Hughes, T.J.R. (2010b) An isogeometric approach to cohesive zone modeling. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, doi: 10.1002/nme.3061.
554. Viola, E., Piva, A. and Radi, E. (1989) Crack propagation in an orthotropic medium under general loading. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 34(5), 1155-1174.
555. Wang, J. (2006) Debonding of FRP plated reinforced concrete beam, a bond-slip analysis. I: Theoretical formulation. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 43(21), 6649-6664.
556. Wang, S.S. and Choi, I. (1983a) The crack between dissimilar anisotropic materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 50, 169-178.
557. Wang, S.S. and Choi, I. (1983b) The crack between dissimilar anisotropic composites under mixed-mode loading. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 50, 179-183.
558. Wang, S.S., Yau, J.F. and Corten, H.T. (1980) A mixed mode crack analysis of rectilinear anisotropic solids using conservation laws of elasticity. International Journal of Fracture, 16, 247-259.
559. Wang, X. and Shen, Y.-P. (2002) Exact solution for mixed boundary value problems at anisotropic piezoelectric bimaterial interface and unification of various interface defects. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 39, 1591-1619.
560. Watson, G.N. (1995) A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
561. Wells, A. (1963) Application of fracture mechanics at and beyond general yielding. British Welding Research Association, Report M13, UK.
562. Wells, A.A. (1955) The condition of fast fracture in aluminium alloys with particular reference to comet failures. British Welding Research Association Report.
563. Wells, A.A. (1961) Unstable crack propagation in metals: cleavage and fast fracture. Proceedings of the Crack Propagation Symposium, vol. 1, Paper 84, Cranfield, UK.
564. Wells, A.A. and Post, D. (1958) The dynamic stress distribution surrounding a running crack-a photoelastic analysis. Proceedings of the SESA, 16, 69-92.
565. Westergaard, H. (1939) Bearing pressures and cracks. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 6, 49-53.
566. Williams, M.L. (1952) Stress singularities resulting from various boundary conditions in angular corners of plates in extension. Journal of Applied Mechanics, Transactions ASME, 19, 526-528.
567. Williams, M.L. (1957) On the stress distribution at the base of a stationary crack. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 24, 109-114.
568. Williams, M.L. (1959) The stress around a fault or crack in dissimilar media. Bulletin of Seismology Society of America, 49, 199-204.
569. Willis, J.R. (1971) Fracture mechanics of interfacial cracks. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 19, 353-368.
570. Winnie, D.H.J. and Wundt, B.M. (1958) Application of the Griffith-Irwin theory of crack propagation to the bursting behaviour of disks, including analytical and experimental studies. Transactions of ASME, 80, 1643-1658.
571. Wong, R.S.Y. and Vecchio, F.J. (2003) Towards modeling of reinforced concrete members with externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer composite. ACI Structures Journal, 100(1), 47-55.
572. Wu, K.C. (1990) Stress intensity factor and energy release rate for interfacial cracks between dissimilar anisotropic materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 57, 882-886.
573. Wu, K.C. (2000) Dynamic crack growth in anisotropic material. International Journal of Fracture, 106, 1-12.
574. Wu, Z. and Liu, Y. (2010) Singular stress field near interface edge in orthotropic/isotropic bi-materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 47(17), 2328-2335.
575. Wu, Z.S., Yuan, H. and Niu, H.D. (2002) Stress transfer and fracture propagation in different kinds of adhesive joints. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 128(5), 562-573.
576. Wu, Z.S. and Yin, J. (2003) Fracture behaviors of FRP-strengthened concrete structures. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70, 1339-1355.
577. Xiao, Q.Z. and Karihaloo, B.L. (2006) Improving the accuracy of XFEM crack tip fields using higher order quadrature and statically admissible stress recovery. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 66, 1378-1410.
578. Xiao, Z.M. and Zhao, J.F. (2004) Electro-elastic stress analysis for a Zener-Stroh crack at the metal/piezoelectric bi-material interface. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41, 2501-2519.
579. Yamanouchi, M., Koizumi, M., Hirai, T. and Shiota, I. (eds) (1990) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, FGM-90, FGM Forum. Tokyo, Japan.
580. Yang, Q.S., Peng, X.R., Kwan, A.K.H. (2006) Strain energy release rate for interfacial cracks in hybrid beams. Mechanical Research Communications, 33(6), 796-803.
581. Yang, W., Sou, Z. and Shih, C.F. (1991) Mechanics of dynamic debonding. Proceedings of Royal Society of London, 33, 679-697.
582. Yau, J.F. (1979) Mixed Mode Crack Analysis Using a Conservation Integral. PhD thesis, Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, University of Illinois.
583. Yau, J.F., Wang, S.S. and Corten, H.T. (1980) A mixed-mode crack analysi of isotropic solids using conservation laws of elasticity. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47(2), 335-341.
584. Ye, Z. and Ayari, M.L. (1994) Prediction of crack propagation in anisotropic solids. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 49(6), 797-808.
585. Ying, L. (1982) A note on the singularity and the strain energy of singular elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 18, 31-39.
586. Yoffe, E.H. (1951) The moving Griffith crack. Philosiophical Magazine, 42(7), 739.
587. Zhang, C.Y. (2006) Viscoelastic Fracture Mechanics, Science Press, Beijing.
588. Zhang, Ch., Cui, M., Wang, J. et al. (2011) 3D crack analysis in functionally graded materials. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 78, 585-604.
589. Zhang, H.H., Rong, G. and Li, L.X. (2010) Numerical study on deformations in a cracked viscoelastic body with the extended finite element method. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 34, 619-624.
590. Zhang, T.Y. and Gao, C.F. (2004) Fracture behaviors of piezoelectric materials. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 41, 339-379.
591. Zhang, T.Y., Qian, C.F. and Tong, P. (1998) Linear electro-elastic analysis of a cavity or a crack in a piezoelectric material. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35, 2121-2149.
592. Zhang, Y., Bazilevs, Y., Goswami, S. et al. (2007) Patient-Specific Vascular NURBS Modeling for Isogeometric Analysis of Blood Flow. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 196(29-30), 2943-2959.
593. Zehnder, A.T. and Viz, M.J. (2005) Fracture mechanics of thin plates and shells under combined membrane, bending, and twisting loads. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 58(1-6), 37-48.
594. Zi, G. and Belytschko, T. (2003) New crack-tip elements for XFEM and applications to cohesive cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 57, 2221-2240.
595. Zi, G., Song, J.H., Budyn, E. et al. (2004) A method for growing multiple cracks without remeshing and its application to fatigue crack growth. Modeling and Simulations for Matererial Science and Engineering, 12, 901-915.
596. Zi, G., Chen, H., Xu, J. and Belytschko, T. (2005) The extended finite element method for dynamic fractures. Shock and Vibration, 12, 9-23.
597. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R.L. and Zhu, J.Z. (2005) The Finite Element Method, 6th edn, Elsevier, USA.