Revisions in real time: Spanish heritage language learners' writing processes in English and Spanish

Foreign Language Annals

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 646-660

  Elola, Idoia ^a   Mikulski, Ariana ^b  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Online revision; Screen capture software (Camtasia); Spanish heritage language learners; Time allocation; Writing processes

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890797089     PISSN: 0015718X     EISSN: 19449720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/flan.12053     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Allal, L., Chanquoy, L., & Largy, P. (2004). Revision cognitive and instructional processes: Studies in writing. London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2. Ardila, A. (2007). Bilingualism in the contemporary world. In A. Ardila & E. Ramos (Eds.), Speech and language disorders in bilinguals (pp. 1-20). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
3. Baker, C. (2006). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (4th ed.). N. H. Hornberger & C. Baker (Series Eds.). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
4. Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1987). The psychology of written composition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Carreira, M. M. (2004). Seeking explanatory adequacy: A dual approach to understanding the term "heritage language learner." Heritage Language Journal, 2, [Electronic version]. Retrieved October 3, 2013, from http://www.heritagelanguages.org/
6. Chenoweth, N. A., & Hayes, J. R. (2001). Fluency in writing: Generating text in L1 and L2. Written Communication, 18, 80-98.
7. Colombi, M. C. (1997). Perfil del discurso escrito en textos de hispanohablantes: Teoría y práctica. In M. C. Colombi & F. X. Alarcón (Eds.), La enseñanza del español a hispanohablantes: Praxis y teoría (pp. 175-189). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
8. Colombi, M. C. (2009). A systemic functional approach to teaching Spanish for heritage speakers in the United States. Linguistics and Education, 20, 39-49.
9. Colombi, M. C., & Roca, A. (2003). Mi lengua: Spanish as a heritage language in the United States, research and practice. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
10. Cumming, A. (1989). Writing expertise and second language proficiency in ESL writing performance. Language Learning, 39, 81-135.
11. Cummins, J. (1981). The role of primary language development in promoting educational success for language minority students. In California State Department of Education (Ed.), Schooling and language minority students: A theoretical framework (pp. 3-49). Los Angeles: National Dissemination and Assessment Center.
12. De Houwer, A. (2009). Bilingual first language acquisition. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
13. Faigley, L., & Witte, S. (1981). Analyzing revision. College Composition and Communication, 32, 400-414.
14. Fitzgerald, J. (1987). Research on revision in writing. Review of Educational Research, 57, 481-506.
15. Flower, L., & Hayes, J. R. (1981). A cognitive process theory of writing. College Composition and Communication, 32, 365-387.
16. Hall, C. (1990). Managing the complexity of revision among languages. TESOL Quarterly, 24, 245-266.
17. Hamp-Lyons, L. (1990). Second language writing: Assessment issues. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Second language writing (pp. 69-87). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
18. Kellogg, R. T. (1996). A model of working memory in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. Randsdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences and applications (pp. 57-72). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
19. Lindgren, E., & Sullivan, K. (2006). Analysing online revision. In K. Sullivan & E. Lindgren (Eds.), Computer keystroke logging and writing: Methods and application (pp. 157-188). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
20. Lynch, A. (2003). The relationship between second and heritage language acquisition: Notes on research and theory building. Heritage Language Journal, 1 [Electronic version]. Retrieved October 3, 2013, from http://www.heritagelanguages.org/
21. Manchón, R. M. (2012). L2 writing development: Multiple perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
22. Matsuhashi, A. (1981). Pausing and planning: The tempo of written discourse production. Research in the Teaching of English, 16, 113-134.
23. Matsuhashi, A. (1987). Writing in real time: Modelling production processes. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
24. Mikulski, A. M., & Elola, I. (2011). Heritage language learners' allocation of time to writing processes in English and Spanish. Hispania, 94, 715-733.
25. Montaño-Harmon, M. R. (1991). Discourse features of written Mexican Spanish: Current research in contrastive rhetoric and its implications. Hispania, 74, 417-425.
26. Montrul, S. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5, 39-68.
27. Montrul, S. (2005). Second language acquisition and first language loss in adult early bilinguals: Exploring some differences and similarities. Second Language Research, 21, 199-249.
28. Porte, G. (1996). When writing fails: How academic context and past learning experiences shape revision. System, 24, 107-116.
29. Porte, G. (1997). The etiology of poor second language writing: The influence of perceived teacher preferences on second language revision strategies. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6, 61-78.
30. Potowski, K. (2007). Characteristics of the Spanish grammar and sociolinguistic proficiency of dual immersion graduates. Spanish in Context, 4, 187-216.
31. Robinson, P. (2001). Task complexity, task difficulty, and task production: Exploring interactions in a componential framework. Applied Linguistics, 22, 27-57.
32. Roca de Larios, J., Manchón, R., Murphy, L., & Marín, J. (2008). The foreign language writer's strategic behavior in the allocation of time to writing processes. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17, 30-47.
33. Roca de Larios, J., Marín, L., & Murphy, L. (2001). A temporal analysis of formulation processes in L1 and L2 writing. Language Learning, 51, 497-538.
34. Roca de Larios, J., Murphy, L., & Manchón, R. M. (1999). The use of restructuring strategies in EFL writing: A study of Spanish learners of English as a foreign language. Journal of Second Language Writing, 8, 13-44.
35. Sasaki, M. (2004). A multiple-data analysis of the 3.5-year development of EFL student writers. Language Learning, 54, 525-582.
36. Sasaki, M., & Hirose, K. (1996). Explanatory variables for EFL students' expository writing. Language Learning, 46, 1, 137-174.
37. Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1991). Literate expertise. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Towards a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 172-194). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
38. Schwartz, A. M. (2003). ¡No me suena! Heritage Spanish speakers' writing strategies. In M. C. Colombi & A. Roca (Eds.), Mi lengua: Spanish as a heritage language in the United States research and practice (pp. 235-256). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
39. Scott, V. M. (1996). Rethinking foreign language writing. Boston: Heinle.
40. Spelman Miller, K. (2000). Academic writers on-line: Investigating pausing in the production of text. Language Teaching Research, 4, 123-148.
41. Spelman Miller, K. (2005). Second language writing research and pedagogy: A role for computer logging? Computers and Composition, 22, 297-317.
42. Spelman Miller, K. (2006). The pausological study of written language production. In P. H. Sullivan & E. Lindgren (Eds.), Computer keystroke logging and writing: Methods and application (pp. 11-39). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
43. Spicer-Escalante, M. L. (2002). Spanish heritage speakers' Spanish and English writings: Contrastive rhetorical and linguistic analyses (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
44. Teschner, R. V. (1981). Spanish for native speakers: Evaluating twenty-five Chicano compositions in a first-year course. In G. Valdes, A. G. Lozano, & R. Garcia-Moya (Eds.), Teaching Spanish to the Hispanic bilingual in the United States: Issues, aims, and methods (pp. 115-139). New York: Teachers College Press.
45. Thorson, H. (2000). Using the computer to compare foreign and native language writing processes: A statistical and case study approach. Modern Language Journal, 84, 155-169.
46. Torrance, M., & Gailbraith, D. (2005). The processing demands of writing. In C. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (pp. 67-80). New York: Guilford Publications.
47. U.S. Census Bureau. (2008a). Table S1601. Language spoken at home. 2006-2008 American community survey 3-year estimates. Retrieved July 1, 2013, from http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_S1601&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_
48. U.S. Census Bureau. (2008b). U.S. Hispanic Population Surpasses 45 Million Now 15 Percent of Total [Press Release, May 1, 2008]. Retrieved July 1, 2013, from http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb08-67.html
49. Valdés, G. (1997). The teaching of Spanish to bilingual Spanish-speaking students: Outstanding issues and unanswered questions. In M. C. Colombi & F. X. Alarcón (Eds.), La enseñanza del español a hispanohablantes: Praxis y teoría (pp. 8-44). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
50. Valdés, G. (2001). Heritage language students: Profiles and possibilities. In J. K. Peyton, D. A. Ranard, & S. McGinnis (Eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource (pp. 37-77). McHenry, IL: The Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta Systems.
51. van Waes, L., & Schellens, P. J. (2003). Writing profiles: The effect of the writing mode on pausing and revision patterns of experienced writers. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 829-853.
52. Wengelin, Å. (2006). Examining pauses in writing: Theory, methods and empirical data. In P. H. Sullivan & E. Lindgren (Eds.), Computer keystroke logging and writing: Methods and application (pp. 107-130). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
53. Whalen, K., & Ménard, N. (1995). L1 and L2 writers' strategic and linguistic knowledge: Model of multiple-level discourse processing. Language Learning, 45, 381-418.
54. Yanguas, I., & Lado, B. (2012). Is thinking aloud reactive when writing in the heritage language? Foreign Language Annals, 45, 380-399.
55. Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing. TESOL Quarterly, 19, 79-102.