Second language acquisition and first language loss in adult early bilinguals: Exploring some differences and similarities

Second Language Research

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 199-249

  Montrul, Silvina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22544438455     PISSN: 02676583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/0267658305sr247oa     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Aranovich, R. 2000: Spanish inchoatives and the semantics of split intransitivity. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Chicago, IL.
2. Au, T., Knightly, L., Jun, S. and Oh, J. 2002: Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science 13, 238-43.
3. Babyonishev, M., Ganger, J., Pesetsky, D. and Wexler, K. 2001: The maturation of grammatical principles: evidence from Russian unaccusatives. Linguisitic Inquiry 32, 1-44.
4. Balcom, P. 1997: Why is this happened? Passive morphology and unaccusativity. Second Language Research 13, 1-9.
5. Bard, E., Robertson, D. and Sorace, A. 1996: Magnitude estimation of linguistic acceptability. Language 72, 32-68.
6. Bel, A. 2001: Teoría Lingüistica i adquisició del llenguatge: analisi comparada del trets morfologics en catala i en castella [Linguistic theory and Language acquisition: a comparative analysis of morphological features in Spanish and Catalan]. Barcelona: Institut d'estudis catalans.
7. Bialystok, E. 2001: Bilingualism in development. Language, literacy and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Bley-Vroman, R. 1990: The logical problem of foreign language learning. Linguistic Analysis 20, 3-49.
9. Borer, H. and Wexler, K. 1987: The maturation of syntax. In Roeper T. and Williams, E., editors, Parameter Setting. Dordrecht: Reidel, 123-72.
10. Bouba, M., Filiaci, F., Heycock, C., Sorace, A. and Tsimpli, I. 2002: syntactic attrition in Greek and Italian near-native speakers. Paper presented at the First Conference on Language Attrition. August 21-23, Vrijie Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
11. Bruhn de Garavito, J. 2000: The syntax of Spanish multifunctional clitics and near native competence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. McGill University, Montreal.
12. Burzio, L. 1986: Italian syntax: a government and binding approach. Dordrecht: Reidel.
13. Chomsky, N. 1995: The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
14. Contreras, H. 1978: El orden de las palabras en español [Word order in Spanish]. Madrid: Cátedra.
15. Cook, V., editor 2003: The effects of the second language on the first. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
16. dc Bot, K. and Clyne, M. 1989: Language reversion revisited. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11, 17-28.
17. de Bot, K. and Weltens, B. 1991: Recapitulation, regression and language loss. In Seliger, H. and Vago, R., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 31-51.
18. de Groot, A.M. 1995: Determinants of bilingual lexicosemantic organization. Computer Assisted Language Learning 8, 151-80.
19. de Groot, A.M. and Kroll, J., editors 1997: Tutorials in bilingualsim. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
20. de Miguel, E. 1992: El aspecto en la sintaxis del español: perfectividad e imperfectividad [Aspect in Spanish syntax: perfectivity and imperfectivity]. Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
21. Demonte, V. 1985: Papeles temáticos y sujetos sintácticos en el sintagma nominal [Thematic roles and syntactic subjects in noun phrases]. Rivista di Grammatica Generativa 9-10, 265-331.
22. Dorian, N. 1973: Grammatical change in a dying dialect. Language 49, 414-38.
23. _ 1978: The fate of morphological complexity in language death. Language 54, 590-609.
24. _ 1981: Language death. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
25. Dowty, D. 1991: Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language 67, 547-619
26. Duffield, N. and White, L. 1999: Assessing L2 knowledge of Spanish clitic placement: convergent methodologies. Second Language Research 15, 133-60.
27. Dussias, P. 2003: Syntactic ambiguity resolution in L2 learners: some effects of bilinguality on L1 and L2 processing strategies. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 529-57.
28. Elías-Olivares, L., editor 1983: Spanish in the United States: beyond the southwest. Washington, DC: National Center for Bilingual Education.
29. Gal, S. 1979: Language shift: social determinants of linguistic change in bilingual Austria. New York: Academic Press.
30. Grosjean, F. 1994: Individual bilingualism. The encyclopedia of language and linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon, 1656-60.
31. Grosjean, F. and Soares, C. 1986: Processing mixed languages: some preliminary findings. In Vaid, J., editor, Language processing in bilinguals: psycholinguistic and neurological perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 145-79.
32. Gürel, A. 2002: Linguistic characteristics of second language acquisition and first language attrition: Turkish overt vs. null pronouns. Unpublished PhD dissertation, McGill University.
33. Hawkins, R. 2001: Second language syntax. Malden, NJ: Blackwell.
34. Herschensohn, J. 2000: The second time around: minimalism and L2 acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
35. Hirkawa, M. 1995: L2 acquisition of English unaccusative constructions. In MacLaughlin, D. and McEwen, S., editors, Proceedings of the 19th Boston University conference on language development. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 291-302.
36. _ 2000: Unaccusativity in second language Japanese and English. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. McGill University, Montreal.
37. _ 2001: L2 acquisition of Japanese unaccusative verbs. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23, 221-46.
38. Hyltenstam, K. 1992: Non-native features of near-native speakers: on ultimate attainment of childhood L2 learners. In Harris, R., editor, Cognitive processing in bilinguals, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 351-68.
39. Hyltenstam, K. and Abrahamsson, N. 2003: Maturational constraints in SLA. In Doughty, C. and Long, M., editors, The handbook of second language acquisition, Oxford: Blackwell, 539-88.
40. Hyltenstam, K. and Viberg, A., editors 1993: Progression and regression in language: sociocultural, neuropsychological and linguistic perspectives. New York: Academic Press.
41. Inagaki, S. 2002: Transfer and learnability in second language argument structure: motion verbs with locational/directional PPs in L2 English and Japanese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, McGill University, Montreal.
42. Jakobson, R. 1941: Kindersprache, aphasie, and allgemeine Lautgezetze [Child language, aphasia and general phonology]. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell.
43. (Also in Jakobson, R., Selected writings, 1, phonological studies. Den Haag: Mouton. 1962.)
44. Johnson, J. and Newport, E. 1991: Critical period effects on universal properties of language: the status of subjacency in the acquisition of a second language. Cognition 39, 215-58.
45. Jordens, P. 2002: Learner varieties in the study of attrition. Plenary talk, First Conference on First Language Attrition. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, August 22-24.
46. Jordens, P., De Bot, K. and Trapman, H. 1989: Linguistic aspects of regression in German case marking. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11, 179-204
47. Juffs, A. 1998: The acquisition of semantics-syntax correspondences and verb frequencies in ESL materials. Language Teaching Research 2, 93-123.
48. Kageyama, T. 1996: Doushi-imiron [Verb Semantics]. Tokyo: Kuroshio.
49. Kellerman, E. 1978: Giving learners a break: native language intuitions as a source of predictions about transferability. Working Papers on Bilingualism 15, 59-48.
50. Kohnert, K., Bates, E. and Hernández, A. 1999: Balancing bilinguals: lexical-semantic production and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish and English. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 42, 1400-13.
51. Kohnert, K. and Bates, E. 2002: Balancing bilinguals II: lexical comprehension and cognitive processing in children learning Spanish and English. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 45, 347-59.
52. Kroll, J. and Sunderman, G. 2003: Cognitive processes in second language learners and bilinguals: the development of lexical and conceptual representations. In Doughty, C. and Long, M., editors, The handbook of second language acquisition. Oxford: Blackwell, 104-29.
53. Köpke, B. 2002: Activation thresholds and non-pathological attrition. In Fabbro, F., editor, Advances in the neurolinguistics of bilingualism. Essays in honor of Michael Paradis. Udine: Forum, 119-42.
54. Legendre, G. 1989: Unaccusativity in French. Lingua 79, 95-164.
55. Levin, B. and Rappaport Hovav, M. 1995: Unaccusativity at the syntax semantics interface. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
56. _ 2002: An event structure account of English resultatives. Language 77, 766-97.
57. Lipski, J. 1993: Creoloid phenomena in the Spanish of transitional bilinguals. In Roca, A. and Lipski, J., editors, Spanish in the United States. Berlin: Mouton, 155-73.
58. Lynch, A. 1999: The subjunctive in Miami Cuban Spanish: bilingualism, contact, and language variability. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
59. Major, R. 1992: Losing English as a first language. The Modern Language Journal 76, 190-208.
60. Meisel, J. 1997: The acquisition of the syntax of negation in French and German: contrasting first and second language development. Second Language Research 13, 227-63.
61. _ 2001: The simultaneous acquisition of two first languages: early differentiation and subsequent development of grammars. In Cenoz, J. and Genesee, F., editors, Trends in Bilingual Acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 11-42.
62. Montrui, S. 2002: Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 5, 39-68.
63. _ 2004a: Subject and object expression in Spanish heritage speakers: a case of morpho-syntactic convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7, 125-42. Special issue on convergence, edited by Jacqueline Toribio.
64. _ 2004b: Convergent outcomes in second language acquisition and first language loss. In Köpke, B. and Schmid, M., editors, First Language Attrition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 259-80.
65. Montrul, S. and Slabakova, R. 2002: Acquiring morphosyntactic and semantic properties of aspectual tenses in L2 Spanish. In Pérez- Léroux, A-T. and Liceras, J., editors, The acquisition of Spanish morphosyntax: the L1/L2 connection. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 131-49.
66. _ 2003: Competence similarities between native and near-native speakers: an investigation of the preterite/imperfect contrast in Spanish. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 351-98.
67. Naigles, L. 2002: Form is easy, meaning is hard: resolving a paradox in early child language. Cognition 86, 157-99.
68. Nicol, J., editor 2001: One mind, two languages. Bilingual language processing. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
69. Ocampo, F. 1990: El subjuntivo en tres generaciones de hablantes bilingues [The subjunctive in three generations of bilingual speakers]. In Bergen, J., editor, Spanish in the United States: sociolinguistic issues. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 34-48.
70. Oshita, H. 2001: The unaccusative trap hypothesis in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23, 279-304.
71. Pan, B. and Berko Gleason, J. 1986: The study of language loss: models and hypotheses for an emerging discipline. Applied Psycholinguistics 7, 193-206.
72. Pavlenko, A. 2000: L2 influence on L1 in late bilingualism. Issues in Applied Linguistics 11, 175-205.
73. Platzack, C. 1996: The initial hypothesis of syntax: a minimalist perspective on language acquisition and attrition. In Clahsen, H., editor, Generative perspectives on language acquisition. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 369-414.
74. Polinsky, M. 1997: American Russian: language loss meets language acquisition. Proceedings of the annual workshop on formal approaches to Slavic linguistics. The Cornell Meeting 1995. Ann Arbor, MA: Michigan Slavic Publications, 370-406.
75. _ 2000: A composite linguistic profile of a speaker of Russian in the US. In Kagan, O. and Rifkin, B., editors, The learning and teaching of Slavic languages and cultures. Bloomington, IN: Slavica, 437-65.
76. _ in press: Heritage language narratives. In Kagan, O. and Brinbton, D., editors, Heritage languages: a new field emerging. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
77. Perlmutter, D. 1978: Impersonal passives and the unaccusative hypothesis. Proceedings of the fourth annual meeting of the Berkeley-linguistic society. Berkeley, CA. Berkeley Linguistic Society, University of California, 157-89.
78. Rappaport Hovav, M. and Levin, B. 1998: Building verb meaning. In Butt, M. and Geuder, W., editors, The projection of arguments. Lexical and compositional factors. Stanford, CA: CSLI publications, 97-134.
79. Ritter, E. and Rosen, S. 1998: Delimiting events in syntax. In Butt, M. and Geuder, W., editors, The projection of arguments. Lexical and compositional factors. Stanford, CA: CSLI publications, 135-64.
80. Rosen, C. 1984: The interface between semantic roles and initial grammatical relations. In Perlmutter, D. and Rosen, C., editors, Studies in Relational Grammer 2. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 38-77.
81. Schlyter, S. 1993: The weaker language in bilingual Swedish-French children. In Hyltenstam, K. and Viberg, A., editors, Progression and regression in language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 289-308.
82. Schmid, M. 2002: First language attrition, use and maintenance: the case of German Jews in anglophone countries. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
83. Seliger, H. 1991: Language attrition, reduced redundancy and creativity. In Seliger, H. and Vago, R., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 227-40.
84. _ 1996: Primary language attrition in the context of bilingualism. In Ritchie, W. and Bhatia, T., editors, Handbook of second language acquisition. New York: Academic Press, 605-25.
85. Seliger, H. and Vago, R., editors 1991: First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Silva-Corvalán, C. 1994: Language contact and change. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
87. _ 2003: Linguistic consequences of reduced input in bilingual first language acquisition. In Montrul, S. and Ordóñez, F., editors, Linguistic theory and language development in Hispanic languages: papers from the Fifth Hispanic Linguistics Symposium and the Fourth Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 375-97.
88. Sharwood Smith, M. April 2001: The unsteady state: an SLA perspective on first language attrition. Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Bilingualism, Bristol, available at: http://www.hw.ac.uk/langWWW/mss/ loss_bestanden/frame.htm (October 2004).
89. Sharwood Smith, M. and van Buren, P. 1991: First language attrition and the parameter setting model. In Seliger, H. and Vago, R., editors, First language attrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 17-30.
90. Snyder, W., Hyams, N. and Crisma, P. 1995: Romance auxiliary selection with reflexive clitics: evidence for early knowledge of unaccusativity. In E., Clark, editor, The proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual child language research forum. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publication, 127-36.
91. Sorace, A. 1993a: Incomplete vs. divergent representations of unaccusativity in native and non-native Italian grammars of Italian. Second Language Research 9, 22-47.
92. _ 1993b: Unaccusativity and auxiliary choice in non-native grammars of Italian and French: asymmetries and predictable indeterminacy. Journal of French Language Studies 3, 71-93.
93. _ 1995: Acquiring linking rules and argument structures in a second language: The unaccusative/unergative distinction. In Eubank, L., Selinker, L. and Sharwood Smith, M., editors, The current state of interlanguage. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 153-75.
94. _ 1999: Initial states, end-states and residual optionality in L2 acquisition. Proceedings of the 23th Boston University conference on language development. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 666-74.
95. _ 2000a: Differential effects of attrition in the L1 syntax of near-native L2 speakers. Proceedings of the 24th Boston University conference on language development. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 719-25.
96. _ 2000b: Gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs. Language 76, 859-90.
97. Sorace, A. and Shomura, Y. 2001: Lexical constraints on the acquisition of split intransitivity: evidence from L2 Japanese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 23, 247-78.
98. Suñer, M. 1982: Syntax and semantics of presentational sentences types. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
99. Toribio, A. 2001: On Spanish language decline. Proceedings of the 25th Boston University conference on language development. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 768-79.
100. Torrego, E. 1989: Unergative-unaccusative alternations in Spanish. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 10, 253-69.
101. Tsimpli, I. 2001: LF-Interpretability and language development: a study of verbal and nominal features in Greek normally developing and SLI children. Brain and Language 77, 432-48.
102. Vihman, M. and McLaughlin, B. 1982: Bilingualism and second language acquisition in preschool children. In Brainerd, C. and Pressley, M., editors, Verbal processes in children. Berlin: Springer, 35-58.
103. Valdés, G. 2000: Spanish for native speakers: AATSP professional development series handbook for teachers K-16. Volume 1. New York: Harcourt College Publishers.
104. van Hout, A. 1996: Event semantics and verb frame alternations: a case study of Dutch and its acquisition. Tilburg: Tilburg Dissertations in Language Studies.
105. van Hout, A., Randall, J. and Weissenborn, J. 1992: Acquiring the unaccusative/unergative distinction. In Verrips, M. and Wijnen, F. editors, The acquisition of Dutch. Amsterdam series in child language development 1, 79-120. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
106. Van Valin, R. 1990: Semantic parameters of split intransitivity. Language 66, 221-60.
107. Vendler, Z. 1967: Verbs and Times. Philosophical Review 56, 143-60.
108. White, L. 1991: Argument structure in second language acquisition. French Language Studies 1, 189-207.
109. _ 2003: Second language acquisition and universal grammer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
110. Yip, V. 1995: Interlanguage and learnability. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
111. Yuan, B. 1999: Acquiring the unaccusative/unergative distinction in a second language: evidence from English-speaking learners of Chinese. Linguistics 37, 275-96.
112. Zaenen, A. 1993: Unaccusativity in Dutch: integrating syntax and lexical semantics. In Pustejovsky, J., editor, Semantics and the lexicon. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
113. Zentella, A.C. 1997: Growing up bilingual. Puerto Rican children in New York. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
114. Zobl, H. 1989: Canonical typological structures and ergativity in English L2 acquisition. In Gass, S. and Schachter, J., editor, Linguistic perspectives on second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 203-21.