Clinical applications of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry in biomarker discovery: Focus on bladder cancer

Proteomics - Clinical Applications

Volumn 7, Issue 11-12, 2013, Pages 779-793

  Latosinska, Agnieszka ^a,b   Frantzi, Maria ^c   Vlahou, Antonia ^a   Mischak, Harald ^c,d  

^a Academy of Athens Biomedical Research Foundation   (Greece)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

^c MOSAIQUES DIAGNOSTICS GMBH   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Bladder cancer; CE MS

Indexed keywords

TUMOR MARKER; TUMOR PROTEIN;

ARTICLE; BLADDER CANCER; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; CAPILLARY ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOWN REGULATION; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MATERIAL COATING; PH MEASUREMENT; POROSITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; UPREGULATION; VALIDATION STUDY; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BLADDER TUMOR; CHEMISTRY; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR GENETICS; PROCEDURES;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BIOMARKERS, TUMOR; CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID; ELECTROPHORESIS, CAPILLARY; HUMANS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84890122630     PISSN: 18628346     EISSN: 18628354     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300038     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Altelaar, A. F., Munoz, J., Heck, A. J., Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of proteome dynamics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2013, 14, 35-48.
2. Kolch, W., Mischak, H., Pitt, A. R., The molecular make-up of a tumour: proteomics in cancer research. Clin. Sci. 2005, 108, 369-383.
3. Mischak, H., Schanstra, J. P., CE-MS in biomarker discovery, validation, and clinical application. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2011, 5, 9-23.
4. Becker, J. O., Hoofnagle, A. N., Replacing immunoassays with tryptic digestion-peptide immunoaffinity enrichment and LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2012, 4, 281-290.
5. Steel, L. F., Mattu, T. S., Mehta, A., Hebestreit, H. et al., A proteomic approach for the discovery of early detection markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dis. Markers 2001, 17, 179-189.
6. Kolch, W., Neususs, C., Pelzing, M., Mischak, H., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as a powerful tool in clinical diagnosis and biomarker discovery. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2005, 24, 959-977.
7. Hjerten, S., Free zone electrophoresis. Chromatogr. Rev. 1967, 9, 122-219.
8. Jorgenson, J. W., Lukacs, K. D., Capillary zone electrophoresis. Science 1983, 222, 266-272.
9. Salplachta, J., Kubesova, A., Horka, M., Latest improvements in CIEF: from proteins to microorganisms. Proteomics 2012, 12, 2927-2936.
10. Zhu, Z., Lu, J. J., Liu, S., Protein separation by capillary gel electrophoresis: a review. Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 709, 21-31.
11. Gebauer, P., Mala, Z., Bocek, P., Recent progress in analytical capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011, 32, 83-89.
12. Terabe, S., Capillary separation: micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. (Palo Alto Calif) 2009, 2, 99-120.
13. Ryan, R., McEvoy, E., Donegan, S., Power, J., Altria, K., Recent developments in the methodology and application of MEEKC. Electrophoresis 2011, 32, 184-201.
14. Geiser, L., Veuthey, J. L., Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis 2005-2008. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 36-49.
15. Kasicka, V., Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 48-73.
16. Shimura, K., Recent advances in IEF in capillary tubes and microchips. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 11-28.
17. Silvertand, L. H. H., Torano, J. S., van Bennekom, W. P., de Jong, G. J., Recent developments in capillary isoelectric focusing. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1204, 157-170.
18. Pager, C., Vargova, A., Takacsi-Nagy, A., Dornyei, A., Kilar, F., Effect of electrolyte pH on CIEF with narrow pH range ampholytes. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 3269-3275.
19. Zhang, Z. C., Wang, J. H., Hui, L. M., Li, L. J., Poly(glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) based immobilized pH gradient capillary isoelectric focusing coupling with MALDI mass spectrometry for enhanced neuropeptide analysis. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 661-665.
20. Wang, T. T., Ma, J. F., Zhu, G. J., Shan, Y. C. et al., Integration of capillary isoelectric focusing with monolithic immobilized pH gradient, immobilized trypsin microreactor and capillary zone electrophoresis for on-line protein analysis. J. Sep. Sci. 2010, 33, 3194-3200.
21. Righetti, P. G., Sebastiano, R., Citterio, A., Capillary electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in peptide and protein analysis. Proteomics 2013, 13, 325-340.
22. Silvertand, L. H., Torano, J. S., de Jong, G. J., van Bennekom, W. P., Improved repeatability and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry compatibility in capillary isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 1985-1996.
23. Dullnig, V., Weiss, R., Amon, S., Rizzi, A., Stutz, H., Confirmation of immuno-reactivity of the recombinant major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a by affinity-CIEF. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 2337-2346.
24. Haselberg, R., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact proteins 2007-2010. Electrophoresis 2011, 32, 66-82.
25. Ahmed, F. E., The role of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry to proteome analysis and biomarker discovery. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2009, 877, 1963-1981.
26. Pantuckova, P., Gebauer, P., Bocek, P., Krivankova, L., Electrolyte systems for on-line CE-MS: detection requirements and separation possibilities. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 203-214.
27. Pioch, M., Bunz, S. C., Neususs, C., Capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry relevant to pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 1517-1530.
28. Huhn, C., Ramautar, R., Wuhrer, M., Somsen, G. W., Relevance and use of capillary coatings in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396, 297-314.
29. Delles, C., Schiffer, E., von Zur Muhlen, C., Peter, K. et al., Urinary proteomic diagnosis of coronary artery disease: identification and clinical validation in 623 individuals. J. Hypertens 2010, 28, 2316-2322.
30. Good, D. M., Zurbig, P., Argiles, A., Bauer, H. W. et al., Naturally occurring human urinary peptides for use in diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Mol. Cell Proteomics 2010, 9, 2424-2437.
31. Mischak, H., Apweiler, R., Banks, R. E., Conaway, M. et al., Clinical proteomics: a need to define the field and to begin to set adequate standards. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2007, 1, 148-156.
32. Liu, Q., Yang, Y., Yao, S., Enhanced stability of surfactant-based semipermanent wall coatings in capillary electrophoresis using oppositely charged surfactant. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1187, 260-266.
33. Yang, R., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Hydroxyethylcellulose-graft-poly (4-vinylpyridine) as a novel, adsorbed coating for protein separation by CE. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 2321-2327.
34. Nehme, R., Perrin, C., Highly charged polyelectrolyte coatings to prevent adsorption during protein and peptide analysis in capillary electrophoresis. Methods Mol. Biol. 2013, 984, 191-206.
35. Haselberg, R., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of intact basic proteins using polybrene-dextran sulfate-polybrene-coated capillaries: system optimization and performance. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 678, 128-134.
36. Albalat, A., Mischak, H., Mullen, W., Clinical application of urinary proteomics/peptidomics. Expert. Rev. Proteomics 2011, 8, 615-629.
37. Zuberovic, A., Hanrieder, J., Hellman, U., Bergquist, J., Wetterhall, M., Proteome profiling of human cerebrospinal fluid: exploring the potential of capillary electrophoresis with surface modified capillaries for analysis of complex biological samples. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 14, 249-260.
38. Stalmach, A., Albalat, A., Mullen, W., Mischak, H., Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry for clinical proteomic applications. Electrophoresis 2013, 34, 1452-1464.
39. Sun, L., Knierman, M. D., Zhu, G., Dovichi, N. J., Fast top-down intact protein characterization with capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 5989-5995.
40. Yan, X., Essaka, D. C., Sun, L., Zhu, G., Dovichi, N. J., Bottom-up proteome analysis of E. coli using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry with an electrokinetic sheath-flow electrospray interface. Proteomics 2013, 13, 2546-2551.
41. Chalmers, M. J., Mackay, C. L., Hendrickson, C. L., Wittke, S. et al., Combined top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometric approach to characterization of biomarkers for renal disease. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 7163-7171.
42. Olivares, J. A., Nguyen, N. T., Yonker, C. R., Smith, R. D., Online mass-spectrometric detection for capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1230-1232.
43. Moini, M., Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry and its application to the analysis of biological mixtures. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2002, 373, 466-480.
44. Bonvin, G., Veuthey, J. L., Rudaz, S., Schappler, J., Evaluation of a sheathless nanospray interface based on a porous tip sprayer for CE-ESI-MS coupling. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 552-562.
45. Moini, M., Simplifying CE-MS operation. 2. Interfacing low-flow separation techniques to mass spectrometry using a porous tip. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 4241-4246.
46. Faserl, K., Sarg, B., Kremser, L., Lindner, H., Optimization and evaluation of a sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry platform for peptide analysis: comparison to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 7297-7305.
47. Hommerson, P., Khan, A. M., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Ionization techniques in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: principles, design, and application. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2011, 30, 1096-1120.
48. Haselberg, R., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., CE-MS for the analysis of intact proteins 2010-2012. Electrophoresis 2013, 34, 99-112.
49. Ramautar, R., Heemskerk, A. A., Hensbergen, P. J., Deelder, A. M. et al., CE-MS for proteomics: advances in interface development and application. J. Proteomics 2012, 75, 3814-3828.
50. Vannatta, M. W., Whitmore, C. D., Dovichi, N. J., CE-MALDI interface based on inkjet technology. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 4071-4074.
51. Bachmann, S., Valiant, R., Bakry, R., Huck, C. W. et al., CE coupled to MALDI with novel covalently coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 618-629.
52. Wang, J., Ma, M., Chen, R., Li, L., Enhanced neuropeptide profiling via capillary electrophoresis off-line coupled with MALDI FTMS. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 6168-6177.
53. Wang, J. H., Ye, H., Zhang, Z. C., Xiang, F. et al., Advancing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometric imaging for capillary electrophoresis analysis of peptides. Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 3462-3469.
54. Amantonico, A., Urban, P. L., Zenobi, R., Facile analysis of metabolites by capillary electrophoresis coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using target plates with polysilazane nanocoating and grooves. Analyst 2009, 134, 1536-1540.
55. Mullen, W., Albalat, A., Gonzalez, J., Zerefos, P. et al., Performance of different separation methods interfaced in the same MS-reflection TOF detector: a comparison of performance between CE versus HPLC for biomarker analysis. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 567-574.
56. Li, Y., Champion, M. M., Sun, L., Champion, P. A. et al., Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry as an alternative proteomics platform to ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for samples of intermediate complexity. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 1617-1622.
57. Siwy, J., Mullen, W., Golovko, I., Franke, J., Zurbig, P., Human urinary peptide database for multiple disease biomarker discovery. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2011, 5, 367-374.
58. Jantos-Siwy, J., Schiffer, E., Brand, K., Schumann, G. et al., Quantitative urinary proteome analysis for biomarker evaluation in chronic kidney disease. J. Proteome Res. 2009, 8, 268-281.
59. Perez-Riverol, Y., Hermjakob, H., Kohlbacher, O., Martens, L. et al., Computational proteomics pitfalls and challenges: HavanaBioinfo 2012 Workshop report. J. Proteomics 2013, 87, 134-138.
60. Dakna, M., He, Z., Yu, W. C., Mischak, H., Kolch, W., Technical, bioinformatical and statistical aspects of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) based clinical proteomics: a critical assessment. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2009, 877, 1250-1258.
61. Mischak, H., Vlahou, A., Ioannidis, J. P., Technical aspects and inter-laboratory variability in native peptide profiling: the CE-MS experience. Clin. Biochem. 2013, 46, 432-443.
62. Decramer, S., Gonzalez de Peredo, A., Breuil, B., Mischak, H. et al., Urine in clinical proteomics. Mol. Cell Proteomics 2008, 7, 1850-1862.
63. Mischak, H., Coon, J. J., Novak, J., Weissinger, E. M. et al., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as a powerful tool in biomarker discovery and clinical diagnosis: an update of recent developments. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2009, 28, 703-724.
64. Albalat, A., Bitsika, V., Zurbig, P., Siwy, J., Mullen, W., High-resolution proteome/peptidome analysis of body fluids by capillary electrophoresis coupled with MS. Methods Mol. Biol. 2013, 984, 153-165.
65. Alkhalaf, A., Zurbig, P., Bakker, S. J., Bilo, H. J. et al., Multicentric validation of proteomic biomarkers in urine specific for diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2010, 5, e13421.
66. Andersen, S., Mischak, H., Zurbig, P., Parving, H. H., Rossing, P., Urinary proteome analysis enables assessment of renoprotective treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. BMC Nephrol. 2010, 11, 29.
67. Decramer, S., Wittke, S., Mischak, H., Zurbig, P. et al., Predicting the clinical outcome of congenital unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction in newborn by urinary proteome analysis. Nat. Med. 2006, 12, 398-400.
68. Metzger, J., Kirsch, T., Schiffer, E., Ulger, P. et al., Urinary excretion of twenty peptides forms an early and accurate diagnostic pattern of acute kidney injury. Kidney Int. 2010, 78, 1252-1262.
69. Theodorescu, D., Schiffer, E., Bauer, H. W., Douwes, F. et al., Discovery and validation of urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2008, 2, 556-570.
70. Haselberg, R., Brinks, V., Hawe, A., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using noncovalently coated capillaries for the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011, 400, 295-303.
71. Staub, A., Giraud, S., Saugy, M., Rudaz, S. et al., CE-ESI-TOF/MS for human growth hormone analysis. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 388-395.
72. Catai, J. R., Torano, J. S., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of proteins at medium pH using bilayer-coated capillaries. Analyst 2007, 132, 75-81.
73. Catai, J. R., Sastre Torano, J., Jongen, P. M., de Jong, G. J., Somsen, G. W., Analysis of recombinant human growth hormone by capillary electrophoresis with bilayer-coated capillaries using UV and MS detection. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2007, 852, 160-166.
74. Neususs, C., Demelbauer, U., Pelzing, M., Glycoform characterization of intact erythropoietin by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005, 26, 1442-1450.
75. Gimenez, E., Benavente, F., Barbosa, J., Sanz-Nebot, V., Analysis of intact erythropoietin and novel erythropoiesis-stimulating protein by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 2161-2170.
76. Balaguer, E., Neususs, C., Glycoprotein characterization combining intact protein and glycan analysis by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 5384-5393.
77. Balaguer, E., Demelbauer, U., Pelzing, M., Sanz-Nebot, V. et al., Glycoform characterization of erythropoietin combining glycan and intact protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 2638-2650.
78. Kunnemeyer, J., Terborg, L., Nowak, S., Brauckmann, C. et al., Quantification and excretion kinetics of a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 1766-1773.
79. Ploeg, M., Aben, K. K., Kiemeney, L. A., The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world. World J. Urol. 2009, 27, 289-293.
80. Tyler, A., Urothelial cancers: ureter, renal pelvis, and bladder. Semin. Oncol. Nursing 2012, 28, 154-162.
81. Anastasiadis, A., Cordeiro, E., Bus, M. T., Alivizatos, G. et al., Follow-up procedures for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an update. Expert. Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2012, 12, 1229-1241.
82. Bhatt, J., Cowan, N., Protheroe, A., Crew, J., Recent advances in urinary bladder cancer detection. Expert. Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2012, 12, 929-939.
83. Howlader, N., Noone, A. M., Krapcho, M., Neyman, N. et al., SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations). Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute 2012.
84. Dall'Era, M. A., Cheng, L., Pan, C. X., Contemporary management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Expert. Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2012, 12, 941-950.
85. Lotan, Y., Shariat, S. F., Schmitz-Drager, B. J., Sanchez-Carbayo, M. et al., Considerations on implementing diagnostic markers into clinical decision making in bladder cancer. Urologic Oncol. 2010, 28, 441-448.
86. Babjuk, M., Burger, M., Zigeuner, R., Shariat, S. et al., Guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TaT1 and CIS). Eur. Assoc. Urol. 2013, http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/05_TaT1_Bladder_Cancer_LR.pdf.
87. Kulasingam, V., Diamandis, E. P., Strategies for discovering novel cancer biomarkers through utilization of emerging technologies. Nat. Clin. Practice Oncol. 2008, 5, 588-599.
88. Messer, J., Shariat, S. F., Brien, J. C., Herman, M. P. et al., Urinary cytology has a poor performance for predicting invasive or high-grade upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. BJU Int. 2011, 108, 701-705.
89. Netto, G. J., Molecular biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: are we there yet? Nat. Rev. Urol. 2011, 9, 41-51.
90. Rink, M., Cha, E. K., Green, D., Hansen, J. et al., Biomolecular predictors of urothelial cancer behavior and treatment outcomes. Curr. Urol. Rep. 2012, 13, 122-135.
91. Wadhwa, N., Jatawa, S. K., Tiwari, A., Non-invasive urine based tests for the detection of bladder cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. 2012, 65, 970-975.
92. Schiffer, E., Vlahou, A., Petrolekas, A., Stravodimos, K. et al., Prediction of muscle-invasive bladder cancer using urinary proteomics. Clin. Cancer Res. 2009, 15, 4935-4943.
93. Theodorescu, D., Wittke, S., Ross, M. M., Walden, M. et al., Discovery and validation of new protein biomarkers for urothelial cancer: a prospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2006, 7, 230-240.
94. Ficarra, V., Dalpiaz, O., Alrabi, N., Novara, G. et al., Correlation between clinical and pathological staging in a series of radical cystectomies for bladder carcinoma. BJU Int. 2005, 95, 786-790.
95. Bayraktar, Z., Gurbuz, G., Tasci, A. I., Sevin, G., Staging error in the bladder tumor: the correlation between stage of TUR and cystectomy. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2001, 33, 627-629.
96. Ban, E., Park, S. H., Kang, M. J., Lee, H. J. et al., Growing trend of CE at the omics level: the frontier of systems biology-an update. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 2-13.
97. Sniehotta, M., Schiffer, E., Zurbig, P., Novak, J., Mischak, H., CE-a multifunctional application for clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 1407-1417.
98. Ongay, S., Martin-Alvarez, P. J., Neususs, C., de Frutos, M., Statistical evaluation of CZE-UV and CZE-ESI-MS data of intact alpha-1-acid glycoprotein isoforms for their use as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 3314-3325.
99. Wang, S., Yang, P., Zhao, X., Amino acid profile determination in the urine of bladder cancer patients by CE-MS with on-line pH-mediated stacking and pattern recognition. Chromatographia 2009, 70, 1479-1484.
100. Wang, S., Zhao, X., Mao, Y., Cheng, Y., Novel approach for developing urinary nucleosides profile by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1147, 254-260.
101. Kim, K. R., La, S., Kim, A., Kim, J. H., Liebich, H. M., Capillary electrophoretic profiling and pattern recognition analysis of urinary nucleosides from uterine myoma and cervical cancer patients. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 2001, 754, 97-106.
102. Zheng, Y. F., Kong, H. W., Xiong, J. H., Lv, S., Xu, G. W., Clinical significance and prognostic value of urinary nucleosides in breast cancer patients. Clin. Biochem. 2005, 38, 24-30.
103. Loft, S., Svoboda, P., Kasai, H., Tjonneland, A. et al., Prospective study of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion and the risk of lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2006, 27, 1245-1250.
104. Simionato, A. V., Carrilho, E., Maggi Tavares, M. F., CE-MS and related techniques as a valuable tool in tumor biomarkers research. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 1214-1226.
105. Metzger, J., Negm, A. A., Plentz, R. R., Weismuller, T. J. et al., Urine proteomic analysis differentiates cholangiocarcinoma from primary sclerosing cholangitis and other benign biliary disorders. Gut 2013, 62, 122-130.
106. Schiffer, E., Bick, C., Grizelj, B., Pietzker, S., Schofer, W., Urinary proteome analysis for prostate cancer diagnosis: cost-effective application in routine clinical practice in Germany. Int. J. Urol. 2012, 19, 118-125.
107. Mischak, H., Rossing, P., Proteomic biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy-reality or future promise? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2010, 25, 2843-2845.
108. Frantzi, M., Makridakis, M., Vlahou, A., Biomarkers for bladder cancer aggressiveness. Curr. Opinion Urol. 2012, 22, 390-396.
109. Vlahou, A., Network views for personalized medicine. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2013, 7, 384-387.
110. Vlahou, A., Network views for personalized medicine. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2013, 7, 384-387.
111. Roscioni, S. S., de Zeeuw, D., Hellemons, M. E., Mischak, H. et al., A urinary peptide biomarker set predicts worsening of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2013, 56, 259-267.
112. Zürbig, P., Jerums, G., Hovind, P., Macisaac, R. J. et al., Urinary proteomics for early diagnosis in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2012, 61, 3304-3313.
113. Schiffer, E., Liabeuf, S., Lacroix, C., Temmar, M. et al., Markers of vascular disease in plasma from patients with chronic kidney disease identified by proteomic analysis. J. Hypertens 2011, 29, 783-790.
114. Drube, J., Schiffer, E., Lau, E., Petersen, C. et al., Urinary proteome analysis to exclude severe vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatrics 2012, 129, 356-363.
115. Kuznetsova, T., Mischak, H., Mullen, W., Staessen, J. A., Urinary proteome analysis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Eur. Heart J. 2012, 33, 2342-2350.
116. Dawson, J., Walters, M., Delles, C., Mischak, H., Mullen, W., Urinary proteomics to support diagnosis of stroke. PLoS One 2012, 7, e35879.
117. Jahn, H., Wittke, S., Zurbig, P., Raedler, T. J. et al., Peptide fingerprinting of Alzheimer's disease in cerebrospinal fluid: identification and prospective evaluation of new synaptic biomarkers. PLoS One 2011, 6, e26540.
118. Metzger, J., Chatzikyrkou, C., Broecker, V., Schiffer, E. et al., Diagnosis of subclinical and clinical acute T-cell-mediated rejection in renal transplant patients by urinary proteome analysis. Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2011, 5, 322-333.