메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 559-574

Blood pressure control and primary prevention of stroke: Summary of the recent clinical trial data and meta-analyses

Author keywords

Ambulatory, ambulatory blood pressure measurement; Antihypertensive, antihypertensive treatment; Blood, blood pressure; Blood, blood pressure variability; Circadian, circadian rhythm; Hypertension; Meta, meta analysis; Morning, morning surge; Non, non dipping; Randomized, randomized clinical trial; Risk, risk factors; Stroke

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; DILTIAZEM; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXAZOSIN; HYDRALAZINE; INDAPAMIDE PLUS PERINDOPRIL; PERINDOPRIL; PLACEBO; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 84890121739     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0401-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 84871036375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the lobal Burden of Disease Study 2010
    • 23245604 Extensive epidemiological analysis on global health documenting the role of stroke in morbidity and mortality
    • Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the lobal Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2095-128. Extensive epidemiological analysis on global health documenting the role of stroke in morbidity and mortality.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2095-2128
    • Lozano, R.1    Naghavi, M.2    Foreman, K.3    Lim, S.4    Shibuya, K.5    Aboyans, V.6
  • 2
    • 84871099014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010
    • 23245608
    • Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2197-223.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 2197-2223
    • Murray, C.J.1    Vos, T.2    Lozano, R.3    Naghavi, M.4    Flaxman, A.D.5    Michaud, C.6
  • 3
    • 79961209219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke declines from third to fourth leading cause of death in the United States: Historical perspective and challenges ahead
    • 21778445
    • Towfighi A, Saver JL. Stroke declines from third to fourth leading cause of death in the United States: historical perspective and challenges ahead. Stroke. 2011;42:2351-5.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2351-2355
    • Towfighi, A.1    Saver, J.L.2
  • 4
    • 84870856404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at stroke: Temporal trends in stroke incidence in a large, biracial population
    • 23054237
    • Kissela BM, Khoury JC, Alwell K, Moomaw CJ, Woo D, Adeoye O, et al. Age at stroke: temporal trends in stroke incidence in a large, biracial population. Neurology. 2012;79:1781-7.
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 1781-1787
    • Kissela, B.M.1    Khoury, J.C.2    Alwell, K.3    Moomaw, C.J.4    Woo, D.5    Adeoye, O.6
  • 5
    • 62149101015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: Estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling
    • 19233730
    • Johnston SC, Mendis S, Mathers CD. Global variation in stroke burden and mortality: estimates from monitoring, surveillance, and modelling. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:345-54.
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 345-354
    • Johnston, S.C.1    Mendis, S.2    Mathers, C.D.3
  • 6
    • 0026810338 scopus 로고
    • Frederick Akbar Mahomed
    • 1737655
    • O'Rourke MF. Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Hypertension. 1992;19:212-7.
    • (1992) Hypertension , vol.19 , pp. 212-217
    • O'Rourke, M.F.1
  • 7
    • 0026064452 scopus 로고
    • Probability of stroke: A risk profile from the Framingham study
    • 2003301 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7msFWgtA%3D%3D
    • Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham study. Stroke. 1991;22:312-8.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , pp. 312-318
    • Wolf, P.A.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Belanger, A.J.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 8
    • 0017082277 scopus 로고
    • Components of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain infarction: The Framingham study
    • 960151 1:STN:280:DyaE283ntF2lsA%3D%3D
    • Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Sorlie P, Wolf PA. Components of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain infarction: the Framingham study. Stroke. 1976;7:327-31.
    • (1976) Stroke , vol.7 , pp. 327-331
    • Kannel, W.B.1    Dawber, T.R.2    Sorlie, P.3    Wolf, P.A.4
  • 9
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies
    • 12493255
    • Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, Prospective Studies C. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-13.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3    Peto, R.4    Collins, R.5    Prospective Studies, C.6
  • 10
    • 0343273397 scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts
    • Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration. Lancet. 1995;346:1647-1653.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1647-1653
  • 11
    • 0032488346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, cholesterol, and stroke in eastern Asia. Eastern stroke and coronary heart disease collaborative research group
    • Blood pressure, cholesterol, and stroke in eastern Asia. Eastern stroke and coronary heart disease collaborative research group. Lancet. 1998;352:1801-1807.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1801-1807
  • 12
    • 0035370545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systolic blood pressure versus pulse pressure controversy
    • 11377354 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ps12rtw%3D%3D
    • White WB. The systolic blood pressure versus pulse pressure controversy. Am J Cardiol. 2001;87:1278-81.
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.87 , pp. 1278-1281
    • White, W.B.1
  • 13
    • 0032885836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated systolic hypertension: Prognostic information provided by pulse pressure
    • 10489379 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvitVClsw%3D%3D
    • Domanski MJ, Davis BR, Pfeffer MA, Kastantin M, Mitchell GF. Isolated systolic hypertension: prognostic information provided by pulse pressure. Hypertension. 1999;34:375-80.
    • (1999) Hypertension , vol.34 , pp. 375-380
    • Domanski, M.J.1    Davis, B.R.2    Pfeffer, M.A.3    Kastantin, M.4    Mitchell, G.F.5
  • 14
    • 0034709051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulse pressure not mean pressure determines cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive patients
    • 10789600 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3kvVClsA%3D%3D
    • Blacher J, Staessen JA, Girerd X, Gasowski J, Thijs L, Liu L, et al. Pulse pressure not mean pressure determines cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:1085-9.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1085-1089
    • Blacher, J.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Girerd, X.3    Gasowski, J.4    Thijs, L.5    Liu, L.6
  • 15
    • 0034085169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess mortality associated with increased pulse pressure among middle-aged men and women is explained by high systolic blood pressure
    • 10779092 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3jvFelsQ%3D%3D
    • Antikainen RL, Jousilahti P, Vanhanen H, Tuomilehto J. Excess mortality associated with increased pulse pressure among middle-aged men and women is explained by high systolic blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2000;18:417-23.
    • (2000) J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 417-423
    • Antikainen, R.L.1    Jousilahti, P.2    Vanhanen, H.3    Tuomilehto, J.4
  • 17
    • 77955014011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): A case-control study
    • 20561675 The largest case-control study investigating potential risk factors for stroke
    • •• O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet. 2010;376:112-23. The largest case-control study investigating potential risk factors for stroke.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , pp. 112-123
    • O'Donnell, M.J.1    Xavier, D.2    Liu, L.3    Zhang, H.4    Chin, S.L.5    Rao-Melacini, P.6
  • 19
    • 79954897824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement in clinical practice and research: A critical review of a technique in need of implementation
    • 21281363
    • O'Brien E. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement in clinical practice and research: a critical review of a technique in need of implementation. J Intern Med. 2011;269:478-95.
    • (2011) J Intern Med , vol.269 , pp. 478-495
    • O'Brien, E.1
  • 20
    • 33744501815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring
    • 16738273 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmtV2iu7k%3D
    • Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2368-74.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2368-2374
    • Pickering, T.G.1    Shimbo, D.2    Haas, D.3
  • 21
    • 33750251476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory arterial stiffness index predicts stroke in a general population
    • 17053547 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtV2rs7zP
    • Hansen TW, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Li Y, Dolan E, et al. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index predicts stroke in a general population. J Hypertens. 2006;24:2247-53.
    • (2006) J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 2247-2253
    • Hansen, T.W.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Torp-Pedersen, C.3    Rasmussen, S.4    Li, Y.5    Dolan, E.6
  • 22
    • 15744361813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: A population-based study
    • 15753229 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVGks7w%3D
    • Hansen TW, Jeppesen J, Rasmussen S, Ibsen H, Torp-Pedersen C. Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: a population-based study. Hypertension. 2005;45:499-504.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , pp. 499-504
    • Hansen, T.W.1    Jeppesen, J.2    Rasmussen, S.3    Ibsen, H.4    Torp-Pedersen, C.5
  • 23
    • 54449099978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 18550999 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntFWgsrg%3D
    • Conen D, Bamberg F. Noninvasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1290-9.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 1290-1299
    • Conen, D.1    Bamberg, F.2
  • 24
    • 84871616003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate in 5322 subjects from 11 populations
    • 23172928 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVahsrjI
    • Boggia J, Thijs L, Li Y, Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, et al. Risk stratification by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate in 5322 subjects from 11 populations. Hypertension. 2013;61:18-26.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.61 , pp. 18-26
    • Boggia, J.1    Thijs, L.2    Li, Y.3    Hansen, T.W.4    Kikuya, M.5    Bjorklund-Bodegard, K.6
  • 25
    • 21744446081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: The Dublin outcome study
    • 15939805 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlt1WltLo%3D
    • Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, Hinedi K, Atkins N, McClory S, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 2005;46:156-61.
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.46 , pp. 156-161
    • Dolan, E.1    Stanton, A.2    Thijs, L.3    Hinedi, K.4    Atkins, N.5    McClory, S.6
  • 27
    • 84884202005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
    • Expert document on methodological aspects and clinical significance of ABPM
    • • O'Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G, Asmar R, Beilin L, Bilo G, Clement D, de la Sierra A, de Leeuw P, Dolan E, et al. European Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens. 2013. Expert document on methodological aspects and clinical significance of ABPM.
    • (2013) J Hypertens
    • O'Brien, E.1    Parati, G.2    Stergiou, G.3    Asmar, R.4    Beilin, L.5    Bilo, G.6    Clement, D.7    De La Sierra, A.8    De Leeuw, P.9    Dolan, E.10
  • 29
    • 0026731970 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension
    • 1325522 1:STN:280:DyaK38zovVKnsQ%3D%3D
    • Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 1992;10:875-8.
    • (1992) J Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 875-878
    • Shimada, K.1    Kawamoto, A.2    Matsubayashi, K.3    Nishinaga, M.4    Kimura, S.5    Ozawa, T.6
  • 30
    • 0030047350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients. Advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers
    • 8591875 1:STN:280:DyaK287js1OgtA%3D%3D
    • Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H, Imiya M, Matsuo M, Shimada K. Nocturnal fall of blood pressure and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly hypertensive patients. Advanced silent cerebrovascular damage in extreme dippers. Hypertension. 1996;27:130-5.
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.27 , pp. 130-135
    • Kario, K.1    Matsuo, T.2    Kobayashi, H.3    Imiya, M.4    Matsuo, M.5    Shimada, K.6
  • 31
    • 0030693945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in elderly hypertensive patients with abnormal diurnal blood pressure variation: Relation to silent cerebrovascular disease
    • 9403574 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FmsFygsA%3D%3D
    • Kario K, Motai K, Mitsuhashi T, Suzuki T, Nakagawa Y, Ikeda U, et al. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in elderly hypertensive patients with abnormal diurnal blood pressure variation: relation to silent cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension. 1997;30:1504-10.
    • (1997) Hypertension , vol.30 , pp. 1504-1510
    • Kario, K.1    Motai, K.2    Mitsuhashi, T.3    Suzuki, T.4    Nakagawa, Y.5    Ikeda, U.6
  • 32
    • 0036853694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Night-time blood pressure: Dipping into the future?
    • 12409945 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xot12lsro%3D
    • Stolarz K, Staessen JA, O'Brien ET. Night-time blood pressure: dipping into the future? J Hypertens. 2002;20:2131-3.
    • (2002) J Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 2131-2133
    • Stolarz, K.1    Staessen, J.A.2    O'Brien, E.T.3
  • 33
    • 1342322671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular target organ damage in essential hypertensives with or without reproducible nocturnal fall in blood pressure
    • 15076184 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXisFWgtr8%3D
    • Cuspidi C, Meani S, Salerno M, Valerio C, Fusi V, Severgnini B, et al. Cardiovascular target organ damage in essential hypertensives with or without reproducible nocturnal fall in blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2004;22:273-80.
    • (2004) J Hypertens , vol.22 , pp. 273-280
    • Cuspidi, C.1    Meani, S.2    Salerno, M.3    Valerio, C.4    Fusi, V.5    Severgnini, B.6
  • 34
    • 0033546609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators
    • 10450715 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mznsl2htg%3D%3D
    • Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O'Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA. 1999;282:539-46.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 539-546
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Thijs, L.2    Fagard, R.3    O'Brien, E.T.4    Clement, D.5    De Leeuw, P.W.6
  • 35
    • 0027998048 scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension
    • 7995639 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FovVSjuw%3D%3D
    • Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistelli M, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1994;24:793-801.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.24 , pp. 793-801
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Porcellati, C.2    Schillaci, G.3    Borgioni, C.4    Ciucci, A.5    Battistelli, M.6
  • 36
    • 0035726570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives
    • 11641298 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotVChtb0%3D
    • Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, Hoshide S, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001;38:852-7.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38 , pp. 852-857
    • Kario, K.1    Pickering, T.G.2    Matsuo, T.3    Hoshide, S.4    Schwartz, J.E.5    Shimada, K.6
  • 37
    • 34250790161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of strokes versus cardiac events by ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure: Results from an international database
    • 18277320
    • Pickering T, Schwartz J, Verdecchia P, Imai Y, Kario K, Eguchi K, et al. Prediction of strokes versus cardiac events by ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure: results from an international database. Blood Press Monit. 2007;12:397-9.
    • (2007) Blood Press Monit , vol.12 , pp. 397-399
    • Pickering, T.1    Schwartz, J.2    Verdecchia, P.3    Imai, Y.4    Kario, K.5    Eguchi, K.6
  • 38
    • 0036853641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: The Ohasama study
    • 12409956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xot12ls7s%3D
    • Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, et al. Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: the Ohasama study. J Hypertens. 2002;20:2183-9.
    • (2002) J Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 2183-2189
    • Ohkubo, T.1    Hozawa, A.2    Yamaguchi, J.3    Kikuya, M.4    Ohmori, K.5    Michimata, M.6
  • 39
    • 79953236949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 9357 subjects from 11 populations highlights missed opportunities for cardiovascular prevention in women
    • 21263119 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXitVOisr0%3D
    • Boggia J, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Li Y, Kikuya M, Bjorklund-Bodegard K, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 9357 subjects from 11 populations highlights missed opportunities for cardiovascular prevention in women. Hypertension. 2011;57:397-405.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.57 , pp. 397-405
    • Boggia, J.1    Thijs, L.2    Hansen, T.W.3    Li, Y.4    Kikuya, M.5    Bjorklund-Bodegard, K.6
  • 40
    • 29144516712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • True resistant hypertension: Is it possible to be recognized in the office?
    • 16364821
    • Muxfeldt ES, Bloch KV, Nogueira Ada R, Salles GF. True resistant hypertension: is it possible to be recognized in the office? Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:1534-40.
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens , vol.18 , pp. 1534-1540
    • Muxfeldt, E.S.1    Bloch, K.V.2    Nogueira Ada, R.3    Salles, G.F.4
  • 41
    • 0029781473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White-coat hypertension: Misnomers, misconceptions and misunderstandings. What should we do next?
    • 8986902 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7ktVChsw%3D%3D
    • Mancia G, Zanchetti A. White-coat hypertension: misnomers, misconceptions and misunderstandings. What should we do next? J Hypertens. 1996;14:1049-52.
    • (1996) J Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 1049-1052
    • Mancia, G.1    Zanchetti, A.2
  • 43
    • 84862777473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of white-coat hypertension in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: A meta-analysis using the international database on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in relation to cardiovascular outcomes population
    • 22252396 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XisVygs7g%3D
    • Franklin SS, Thijs L, Hansen TW, Li Y, Boggia J, Kikuya M, et al. Significance of white-coat hypertension in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis using the international database on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in relation to cardiovascular outcomes population. Hypertension. 2012;59:564-71.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.59 , pp. 564-571
    • Franklin, S.S.1    Thijs, L.2    Hansen, T.W.3    Li, Y.4    Boggia, J.5    Kikuya, M.6
  • 44
    • 78650272069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of white-coat and masked hypertension diagnosed by ambulatory monitoring in initially untreated subjects: An updated meta analysis
    • 20847724
    • Pierdomenico SD, Cuccurullo F. Prognostic value of white-coat and masked hypertension diagnosed by ambulatory monitoring in initially untreated subjects: an updated meta analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24:52-8.
    • (2011) Am J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 52-58
    • Pierdomenico, S.D.1    Cuccurullo, F.2
  • 45
    • 84880157640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White-coat and masked hypertension are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a general population: The Hisayama study
    • 23640825 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFSmsrzM
    • Fukuhara M, Arima H, Ninomiya T, Hata J, Hirakawa Y, Doi Y, et al. White-coat and masked hypertension are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a general population: the Hisayama study. Stroke. 2013;44:1512-7.
    • (2013) Stroke , vol.44 , pp. 1512-1517
    • Fukuhara, M.1    Arima, H.2    Ninomiya, T.3    Hata, J.4    Hirakawa, Y.5    Doi, Y.6
  • 46
    • 33646156403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term risk of mortality associated with selective and combined elevation in office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure
    • 16567588 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsVeksrg%3D
    • Mancia G, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, Grassi G, Sega R. Long-term risk of mortality associated with selective and combined elevation in office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure. Hypertension. 2006;47:846-53.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 846-853
    • Mancia, G.1    Facchetti, R.2    Bombelli, M.3    Grassi, G.4    Sega, R.5
  • 47
    • 34249289026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term prognostic value of blood pressure variability in the general population: Results of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni Study
    • 17452502 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltl2hsL0%3D
    • Mancia G, Bombelli M, Facchetti R, Madotto F, Corrao G, Trevano FQ, et al. Long-term prognostic value of blood pressure variability in the general population: results of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni Study. Hypertension. 2007;49:1265-70.
    • (2007) Hypertension , vol.49 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Mancia, G.1    Bombelli, M.2    Facchetti, R.3    Madotto, F.4    Corrao, G.5    Trevano, F.Q.6
  • 49
    • 84871613578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does white coat hypertension require treatment over age 80?: Results of the hypertension in the very elderly trial ambulatory blood pressure side project
    • 23172934 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVahsrfP
    • Bulpitt CJ, Beckett N, Peters R, Staessen JA, Wang JG, Comsa M, et al. Does white coat hypertension require treatment over age 80?: results of the hypertension in the very elderly trial ambulatory blood pressure side project. Hypertension. 2013;61:89-94.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.61 , pp. 89-94
    • Bulpitt, C.J.1    Beckett, N.2    Peters, R.3    Staessen, J.A.4    Wang, J.G.5    Comsa, M.6
  • 51
    • 50249150759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, causes, and consequences of masked hypertension: A meta-analysis
    • 18583985
    • Verberk WJ, Kessels AG, de Leeuw PW. Prevalence, causes, and consequences of masked hypertension: a meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21:969-75.
    • (2008) Am J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 969-975
    • Verberk, W.J.1    Kessels, A.G.2    De Leeuw, P.W.3
  • 52
    • 77958487585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked hypertension: Evidence of the need to treat
    • 20694858
    • Ogedegbe G, Agyemang C, Ravenell JE. Masked hypertension: evidence of the need to treat. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010;12:349-55.
    • (2010) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.12 , pp. 349-355
    • Ogedegbe, G.1    Agyemang, C.2    Ravenell, J.E.3
  • 53
    • 77951498098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causal mechanisms of masked hypertension: Socio-psychological aspects
    • 20220518
    • Ogedegbe G. Causal mechanisms of masked hypertension: socio-psychological aspects. Blood Press Monit. 2010;15:90-2.
    • (2010) Blood Press Monit , vol.15 , pp. 90-92
    • Ogedegbe, G.1
  • 54
    • 77955983086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked hypertension: Evaluation, prognosis, and treatment
    • 20508623
    • Angeli F, Reboldi G, Verdecchia P. Masked hypertension: evaluation, prognosis, and treatment. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:941-8.
    • (2010) Am J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 941-948
    • Angeli, F.1    Reboldi, G.2    Verdecchia, P.3
  • 55
    • 33645555677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does masked hypertension exist in healthy volunteers and apparently well-controlled hypertensive patients?
    • 16547360 1:STN:280:DC%2BD287lsl2guw%3D%3D
    • Aksoy I, Deinum J, Lenders JW, Thien T. Does masked hypertension exist in healthy volunteers and apparently well-controlled hypertensive patients? Neth J Med. 2006;64:72-7.
    • (2006) Neth J Med , vol.64 , pp. 72-77
    • Aksoy, I.1    Deinum, J.2    Lenders, J.W.3    Thien, T.4
  • 56
    • 33646231734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension prognosis
    • 16697339 author reply 2127-2128
    • Verberk W, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW. Masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2127. author reply 2127-2128.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 2127
    • Verberk, W.1    Kroon, A.A.2    De Leeuw, P.W.3
  • 58
    • 33947365591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical arterial damage in untreated masked hypertensive subjects detected by home blood pressure measurement
    • 17386344
    • Matsui Y, Eguchi K, Ishikawa J, Hoshide S, Shimada K, Kario K. Subclinical arterial damage in untreated masked hypertensive subjects detected by home blood pressure measurement. Am J Hypertens. 2007;20:385-91.
    • (2007) Am J Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 385-391
    • Matsui, Y.1    Eguchi, K.2    Ishikawa, J.3    Hoshide, S.4    Shimada, K.5    Kario, K.6
  • 59
    • 84876672101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masked hypertension in diabetes mellitus: Treatment implications for clinical practice
    • 23478096 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXmtF2rtbw%3D
    • Franklin SS, Thijs L, Li Y, Hansen TW, Boggia J, Liu Y, et al. Masked hypertension in diabetes mellitus: treatment implications for clinical practice. Hypertension. 2013;61:964-71.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.61 , pp. 964-971
    • Franklin, S.S.1    Thijs, L.2    Li, Y.3    Hansen, T.W.4    Boggia, J.5    Liu, Y.6
  • 60
    • 84865623974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it possible to manage hypertension and evaluate therapy without ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?
    • 22639014 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XpvV2is7Y%3D
    • White WB, Maraka S. Is it possible to manage hypertension and evaluate therapy without ambulatory blood pressure monitoring? Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012;14:366-73.
    • (2012) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.14 , pp. 366-373
    • White, W.B.1    Maraka, S.2
  • 61
    • 0028593929 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation and triggers of cardiovascular disease
    • 7736485
    • Muller JE, Mangel B. Circadian variation and triggers of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology. 1994;85 Suppl 2:3-10.
    • (1994) Cardiology , vol.85 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 3-10
    • Muller, J.E.1    Mangel, B.2
  • 62
    • 0031970837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in the timing of stroke onset: A meta-analysis
    • 9596248 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3lsFKrtQ%3D%3D
    • Elliott WJ. Circadian variation in the timing of stroke onset: a meta-analysis. Stroke. 1998;29:992-6.
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 992-996
    • Elliott, W.J.1
  • 63
    • 0036141408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient demographic and clinical features and circadian variation in onset of ischemic stroke
    • 11790230
    • Casetta I, Granieri E, Fallica E, la Cecilia O, Paolino E, Manfredini R. Patient demographic and clinical features and circadian variation in onset of ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:48-53.
    • (2002) Arch Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 48-53
    • Casetta, I.1    Granieri, E.2    Fallica, E.3    La Cecilia, O.4    Paolino, E.5    Manfredini, R.6
  • 64
    • 0034463920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there any unique epidemiological and vascular risk factors for ischaemic strokes that occur in the morning hours?
    • 10809938 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ntVCqsQ%3D%3D
    • Gur AY, Bornstein NM. Are there any unique epidemiological and vascular risk factors for ischaemic strokes that occur in the morning hours? Eur J Neurol. 2000;7:179-81.
    • (2000) Eur J Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 179-181
    • Gur, A.Y.1    Bornstein, N.M.2
  • 65
    • 34347376520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early morning impairment in cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in healthy humans: Relation to endothelial function
    • 17384117
    • Ainslie PN, Murrell C, Peebles K, Swart M, Skinner MA, Williams MJ, et al. Early morning impairment in cerebral autoregulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity in healthy humans: relation to endothelial function. Exp Physiol. 2007;92:769-77.
    • (2007) Exp Physiol , vol.92 , pp. 769-777
    • Ainslie, P.N.1    Murrell, C.2    Peebles, K.3    Swart, M.4    Skinner, M.A.5    Williams, M.J.6
  • 66
    • 76449116867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in the circulatory responses to exercise: Relevance to the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events
    • 19826832
    • Atkinson G, Jones H, Ainslie PN. Circadian variation in the circulatory responses to exercise: relevance to the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108:15-29.
    • (2010) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.108 , pp. 15-29
    • Atkinson, G.1    Jones, H.2    Ainslie, P.N.3
  • 67
    • 78650565024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the human circadian system, exercise, and their interaction on cardiovascular function
    • 21059915 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFaisr%2FK
    • Scheer FA, Hu K, Evoniuk H, Kelly EE, Malhotra A, Hilton MF, et al. Impact of the human circadian system, exercise, and their interaction on cardiovascular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:20541-6.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 20541-20546
    • Scheer, F.A.1    Hu, K.2    Evoniuk, H.3    Kelly, E.E.4    Malhotra, A.5    Hilton, M.F.6
  • 68
    • 78149272736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning surge in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: Evidence and perspectives
    • 20937968 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlSqurbO A short review written by a major expert in this field
    • •• Kario K. Morning surge in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk: evidence and perspectives. Hypertension. 2010;56:765-73. A short review written by a major expert in this field.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.56 , pp. 765-773
    • Kario, K.1
  • 69
    • 65649125580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between abnormalities in circadian blood pressure rhythm and target organ damage in normotensives
    • 19293531
    • Soylu A, Yazici M, Duzenli MA, Tokac M, Ozdemir K, Gok H. Relation between abnormalities in circadian blood pressure rhythm and target organ damage in normotensives. Circ J. 2009;73:899-904.
    • (2009) Circ J , vol.73 , pp. 899-904
    • Soylu, A.1    Yazici, M.2    Duzenli, M.A.3    Tokac, M.4    Ozdemir, K.5    Gok, H.6
  • 70
    • 0037448342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in nocturnal blood pressure and progression to microalbuminuria in diabetes
    • 12530444 author reply 260-264
    • Caramori ML, Pecis M, Azevedo MJ. Increase in nocturnal blood pressure and progression to microalbuminuria in diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:260-4. author reply 260-264.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 260-264
    • Caramori, M.L.1    Pecis, M.2    Azevedo, M.J.3
  • 71
    • 14844322147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning rise, morning surge and daytime variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular target organ damage. A cross-sectional study in 743 subjects
    • 15773667
    • Polonia J, Amado P, Barbosa L, Nazare J, Silva JA, Bertoquini S, et al. Morning rise, morning surge and daytime variability of blood pressure and cardiovascular target organ damage. A cross-sectional study in 743 subjects. Rev Port Cardiol. 2005;24:65-78.
    • (2005) Rev Port Cardiol , vol.24 , pp. 65-78
    • Polonia, J.1    Amado, P.2    Barbosa, L.3    Nazare, J.4    Silva, J.A.5    Bertoquini, S.6
  • 72
    • 84861234649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning surge, pulse wave velocity, and autonomic function tests in elderly adults
    • 22495231
    • Sanchez Gelos DF, Otero-Losada ME, Azzato F, Milei J. Morning surge, pulse wave velocity, and autonomic function tests in elderly adults. Blood Press Monit. 2012;17:103-9.
    • (2012) Blood Press Monit , vol.17 , pp. 103-109
    • Sanchez Gelos, D.F.1    Otero-Losada, M.E.2    Azzato, F.3    Milei, J.4
  • 73
    • 11144260114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated ambulatory monitoring reveals a Monday morning surge in blood pressure in a community-dwelling population
    • 15607626
    • Murakami S, Otsuka K, Kubo Y, Shinagawa M, Yamanaka T, Ohkawa S, et al. Repeated ambulatory monitoring reveals a Monday morning surge in blood pressure in a community-dwelling population. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17:1179-83.
    • (2004) Am J Hypertens , vol.17 , pp. 1179-1183
    • Murakami, S.1    Otsuka, K.2    Kubo, Y.3    Shinagawa, M.4    Yamanaka, T.5    Ohkawa, S.6
  • 74
    • 31944449078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caution for winter morning surge in blood pressure: A possible link with cardiovascular risk in the elderly
    • 16380525 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvFOltb8%3D
    • Kario K. Caution for winter morning surge in blood pressure: a possible link with cardiovascular risk in the elderly. Hypertension. 2006;47:139-40.
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , pp. 139-140
    • Kario, K.1
  • 75
    • 0037453061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: A prospective study
    • 12642361
    • Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Morinari M, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107:1401-6.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 1401-1406
    • Kario, K.1    Pickering, T.G.2    Umeda, Y.3    Hoshide, S.4    Hoshide, Y.5    Morinari, M.6
  • 76
    • 84890117558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Dipping, and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patients Treated for Hypertension
    • Pierdomenico SD, Pierdomenico AM, Cuccurullo F. Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Dipping, and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Elderly Patients Treated for Hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2013.
    • (2013) Am J Hypertens
    • Pierdomenico, S.D.1    Pierdomenico, A.M.2    Cuccurullo, F.3
  • 77
    • 54449088675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term and long-term repeatability of the morning blood pressure in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • 18551007 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntFWgsL8%3D
    • Wizner B, Dechering DG, Thijs L, Atkins N, Fagard R, O'Brien E, et al. Short-term and long-term repeatability of the morning blood pressure in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1328-35.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Wizner, B.1    Dechering, D.G.2    Thijs, L.3    Atkins, N.4    Fagard, R.5    O'Brien, E.6
  • 78
    • 55449126178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning blood pressure surge: The reliability of different definitions
    • 18971534
    • Stergiou GS, Mastorantonakis SE, Roussias LG. Morning blood pressure surge: the reliability of different definitions. Hypertens Res. 2008;31:1589-94.
    • (2008) Hypertens Res , vol.31 , pp. 1589-1594
    • Stergiou, G.S.1    Mastorantonakis, S.E.2    Roussias, L.G.3
  • 79
    • 77954386510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: The Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study
    • 20404743 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFWktLo%3D
    • Kario K, Hoshide S, Shimizu M, Yano Y, Eguchi K, Ishikawa J, et al. Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens. 2010;28:1574-83.
    • (2010) J Hypertens , vol.28 , pp. 1574-1583
    • Kario, K.1    Hoshide, S.2    Shimizu, M.3    Yano, Y.4    Eguchi, K.5    Ishikawa, J.6
  • 80
    • 43449133296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An alpha-adrenergic blocker titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings lowered blood pressure and microalbuminuria in patients with morning hypertension: The Japan Morning Surge-1 Study
    • 18475166 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlslGlsbc%3D
    • Kario K, Matsui Y, Shibasaki S, Eguchi K, Ishikawa J, Hoshide S, et al. An alpha-adrenergic blocker titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings lowered blood pressure and microalbuminuria in patients with morning hypertension: the Japan Morning Surge-1 Study. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1257-65.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 1257-1265
    • Kario, K.1    Matsui, Y.2    Shibasaki, S.3    Eguchi, K.4    Ishikawa, J.5    Hoshide, S.6
  • 81
    • 0037851836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial
    • 12709465 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtFKhsLg%3D
    • Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, Grambsch P, Lucente T, White WB, et al. Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA. 2003;289:2073-82.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2073-2082
    • Black, H.R.1    Elliott, W.J.2    Grandits, G.3    Grambsch, P.4    Lucente, T.5    White, W.B.6
  • 82
    • 84891541610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic relevance of blood pressure variability: Role of long-term and very long-term blood pressure changes
    • 23959550 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1Kjs7jE
    • Parati G, Liu X, Ochoa JE, Bilo G. Prognostic relevance of blood pressure variability: role of long-term and very long-term blood pressure changes. Hypertension. 2013;62:682-4.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.62 , pp. 682-684
    • Parati, G.1    Liu, X.2    Ochoa, J.E.3    Bilo, G.4
  • 83
    • 83755178617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term blood pressure variability in relation to outcome in the International Database of Ambulatory blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDACO)
    • 22299379
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Thijs L, Li Y, Hansen TW, Boggia J, Kuznetsova T, et al. Short-term blood pressure variability in relation to outcome in the International Database of Ambulatory blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDACO). Acta Cardiol. 2011;66:701-6.
    • (2011) Acta Cardiol , vol.66 , pp. 701-706
    • Stolarz-Skrzypek, K.1    Thijs, L.2    Li, Y.3    Hansen, T.W.4    Boggia, J.5    Kuznetsova, T.6
  • 84
    • 57449092072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Day-by-day variability of blood pressure and heart rate at home as a novel predictor of prognosis: The Ohasama study
    • 18981332 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVWrt7vO
    • Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Metoki H, Asayama K, Hara A, Obara T, et al. Day-by-day variability of blood pressure and heart rate at home as a novel predictor of prognosis: the Ohasama study. Hypertension. 2008;52:1045-50.
    • (2008) Hypertension , vol.52 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Kikuya, M.1    Ohkubo, T.2    Metoki, H.3    Asayama, K.4    Hara, A.5    Obara, T.6
  • 85
    • 84871616478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Home blood pressure variability as cardiovascular risk factor in the population of Ohasama
    • 23172933 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVahsrbO
    • Asayama K, Kikuya M, Schutte R, Thijs L, Hosaka M, Satoh M, et al. Home blood pressure variability as cardiovascular risk factor in the population of Ohasama. Hypertension. 2013;61:61-9.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.61 , pp. 61-69
    • Asayama, K.1    Kikuya, M.2    Schutte, R.3    Thijs, L.4    Hosaka, M.5    Satoh, M.6
  • 87
    • 84890117330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heritability analyses show visit-to-visit blood pressure variability reflects different pathological phenotypes in younger and older adults: Evidence from UK twins
    • Menni C, Mangino M, Zhang F, Clement G, Snieder H, Padmanabhan S, Spector TD. Heritability analyses show visit-to-visit blood pressure variability reflects different pathological phenotypes in younger and older adults: evidence from UK twins. J Hypertens.
    • J Hypertens
    • Menni, C.1    Mangino, M.2    Zhang, F.3    Clement, G.4    Snieder, H.5    Padmanabhan, S.6    Spector, T.D.7
  • 88
    • 0033659682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and clinical implications of blood pressure variability
    • 11346215 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotlWkur0%3D Review on the short-term BP variability
    • •• Mancia G, Grassi G. Mechanisms and clinical implications of blood pressure variability. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;35:S15-9. Review on the short-term BP variability.
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.35
    • Mancia, G.1    Grassi, G.2
  • 89
    • 0026935298 scopus 로고
    • The stroke preventive effect in elderly hypertensives cannot fully be explained by the reduction in office blood pressure-insights from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension)
    • 1345050 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3ktlGjtQ%3D%3D
    • Ekbom T, Dahlof B, Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Oden A, Schersten B, et al. The stroke preventive effect in elderly hypertensives cannot fully be explained by the reduction in office blood pressure-insights from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Blood Press. 1992;1:168-72.
    • (1992) Blood Press , vol.1 , pp. 168-172
    • Ekbom, T.1    Dahlof, B.2    Hansson, L.3    Lindholm, L.H.4    Oden, A.5    Schersten, B.6
  • 90
    • 77749251836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension
    • 20226988
    • Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O'Brien E, Dobson JE, Dahlof B, et al. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension. Lancet. 2010;375:895-905.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 895-905
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Howard, S.C.2    Dolan, E.3    O'Brien, E.4    Dobson, J.E.5    Dahlof, B.6
  • 91
    • 24644443331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • 16154016
    • Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:895-906.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 895-906
    • Dahlof, B.1    Sever, P.S.2    Poulter, N.R.3    Wedel, H.4    Beevers, D.G.5    Caulfield, M.6
  • 92
    • 77749282912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • 20226989 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtFyisr4%3D The first study reporting the effect of different classes of anti-hypertensive agents on long-term BP variability and clinical outcomes
    • •• Webb AJ, Fischer U, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:906-15. The first study reporting the effect of different classes of anti-hypertensive agents on long-term BP variability and clinical outcomes.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 906-915
    • Webb, A.J.1    Fischer, U.2    Mehta, Z.3    Rothwell, P.M.4
  • 93
    • 79551479820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in the general population: Findings from NHANES III, 1988 to 1994
    • 21200000 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnvVWguw%3D%3D
    • Muntner P, Shimbo D, Tonelli M, Reynolds K, Arnett DK, Oparil S. The relationship between visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure and all-cause mortality in the general population: findings from NHANES III, 1988 to 1994. Hypertension. 2011;57:160-6.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.57 , pp. 160-166
    • Muntner, P.1    Shimbo, D.2    Tonelli, M.3    Reynolds, K.4    Arnett, D.K.5    Oparil, S.6
  • 94
    • 84864450634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, carotid atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
    • 22761453
    • Mancia G, Facchetti R, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, carotid atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2012;126:569-78.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 569-578
    • Mancia, G.1    Facchetti, R.2    Parati, G.3    Zanchetti, A.4
  • 95
    • 84891520144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term and ultra long-term blood pressure variability during follow-up and mortality in 14 522 patients with hypertension
    • 23959561 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1Kjs7nF
    • Hastie CE, Jeemon P, Coleman H, McCallum L, Patel R, Dawson J, et al. Long-term and ultra long-term blood pressure variability during follow-up and mortality in 14 522 patients with hypertension. Hypertension. 2013;62:698-705.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.62 , pp. 698-705
    • Hastie, C.E.1    Jeemon, P.2    Coleman, H.3    McCallum, L.4    Patel, R.5    Dawson, J.6
  • 96
    • 77956399308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure variability and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of randomized trials of antihypertensive drugs
    • 20651263 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1egsLnL
    • Webb AJ, Rothwell PM. Blood pressure variability and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of randomized trials of antihypertensive drugs. Stroke. 2010;41:2091-3.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , pp. 2091-2093
    • Webb, A.J.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 97
    • 67651007504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of measures of visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke
    • 19628934 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MnitFWitA%3D%3D
    • Howard SC, Rothwell PM. Reproducibility of measures of visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;28:331-40.
    • (2009) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.28 , pp. 331-340
    • Howard, S.C.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 98
    • 81355160209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure measured as part of routine clinical care
    • 22025235 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVCksb7O
    • Muntner P, Joyce C, Levitan EB, Holt E, Shimbo D, Webber LS, et al. Reproducibility of visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure measured as part of routine clinical care. J Hypertens. 2011;29:2332-8.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 2332-2338
    • Muntner, P.1    Joyce, C.2    Levitan, E.B.3    Holt, E.4    Shimbo, D.5    Webber, L.S.6
  • 99
    • 1442274760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and stroke: An overview of published reviews
    • 15053002
    • Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, Rodgers A. Blood pressure and stroke: an overview of published reviews. Stroke. 2004;35:1024.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1024
    • Lawes, C.M.1    Bennett, D.A.2    Feigin, V.L.3    Rodgers, A.4
  • 100
    • 67650082354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
    • 19454737 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mzls1KrsQ%3D%3D Mega meta-analysis with more than 90,000 patients from 147 studies, showing comparable efficacy of different classes of BP lowering drugs
    • •• Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665. Mega meta-analysis with more than 90,000 patients from 147 studies, showing comparable efficacy of different classes of BP lowering drugs.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338 , pp. 1665
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 101
    • 84870561433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure j-curve: Current concepts
    • 23054894 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1ekurzO Most recent review on J-curve phenomenon
    • • Banach M, Aronow WS. Blood pressure j-curve: current concepts. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2012;14:556-66. Most recent review on J-curve phenomenon.
    • (2012) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.14 , pp. 556-566
    • Banach, M.1    Aronow, W.S.2
  • 102
    • 77951735232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Group, A.S. Cushman, W.C. Evans, G.W. Byington, R. Goff, D.C. Jr. Grimm, R.H. Jr. Cutler, J.A. Simons-Morton, D.G. Basile, J.N. Corson, M.A. et al
    • Group, A.S., Cushman, W.C., Evans, G.W., Byington, R.P., Goff, D.C., Jr., Grimm, R.H., Jr., Cutler, J.A., Simons-Morton, D.G., Basile, J.N., Corson, M.A., et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1575-85.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1575-1585
  • 103
    • 68349131420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): An open-label randomised trial
    • 19683638
    • Verdecchia P, Staessen JA, Angeli F, de Simone G, Achilli A, Ganau A, et al. Usual versus tight control of systolic blood pressure in non-diabetic patients with hypertension (Cardio-Sis): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2009;374:525-33.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 525-533
    • Verdecchia, P.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Angeli, F.3    De Simone, G.4    Achilli, A.5    Ganau, A.6
  • 104
    • 84856211571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does achieving an intensive versus usual blood pressure level prevent stroke?
    • 21796663
    • Lee M, Saver JL, Hong KS, Hao Q, Ovbiagele B. Does achieving an intensive versus usual blood pressure level prevent stroke? Ann Neurol. 2012;71:133-40.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 133-140
    • Lee, M.1    Saver, J.L.2    Hong, K.S.3    Hao, Q.4    Ovbiagele, B.5
  • 105
    • 79958769725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood pressure reduction on myocardial infarction and stroke in diabetes: A meta-analysis in 73,913 patients
    • 21505352 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXntF2itLk%3D
    • Reboldi G, Gentile G, Angeli F, Ambrosio G, Mancia G, Verdecchia P. Effects of intensive blood pressure reduction on myocardial infarction and stroke in diabetes: a meta-analysis in 73,913 patients. J Hypertens. 2011;29:1253-69.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 1253-1269
    • Reboldi, G.1    Gentile, G.2    Angeli, F.3    Ambrosio, G.4    Mancia, G.5    Verdecchia, P.6
  • 107
    • 33645518432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: Principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study
    • 16476843 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvVektrg%3D
    • Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113:1213-25.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 1213-1225
    • Williams, B.1    Lacy, P.S.2    Thom, S.M.3    Cruickshank, K.4    Stanton, A.5    Collier, D.6
  • 108
    • 0034730027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study
    • 10972367 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXls1Clu7Y%3D
    • Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Syvertsen JO, et al. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet. 2000;356:359-65.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 359-365
    • Hansson, L.1    Hedner, T.2    Lund-Johansen, P.3    Kjeldsen, S.E.4    Lindholm, L.H.5    Syvertsen, J.O.6
  • 109
    • 84876522933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of heart rate on central hemodynamics and stroke: A meta-analysis of beta-blocker trials
    • 23382335 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjsVKhsLg%3D
    • Ding FH, Li Y, Li LH, Wang JG. Impact of heart rate on central hemodynamics and stroke: a meta-analysis of beta-blocker trials. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26:118-25.
    • (2013) Am J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 118-125
    • Ding, F.H.1    Li, Y.2    Li, L.H.3    Wang, J.G.4
  • 111
    • 52149090673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: A meta-analysis
    • 18550998 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntFWgsr0%3D
    • Reboldi G, Angeli F, Cavallini C, Gentile G, Mancia G, Verdecchia P. Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2008;26:1282-9.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Reboldi, G.1    Angeli, F.2    Cavallini, C.3    Gentile, G.4    Mancia, G.5    Verdecchia, P.6
  • 112
    • 77950629667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta blockers and calcium-channel blockers on within-individual variability in blood pressure and risk of stroke
    • 20227347 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntlOmsLc%3D
    • Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, O'Brien E, Dobson JE, Dahlof B, et al. Effects of beta blockers and calcium-channel blockers on within-individual variability in blood pressure and risk of stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:469-80.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 469-480
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Howard, S.C.2    Dolan, E.3    O'Brien, E.4    Dobson, J.E.5    Dahlof, B.6
  • 113
    • 80053294699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dose and combination of antihypertensives on interindividual blood pressure variability: A systematic review
    • 21817143 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1eqtLvI
    • Webb AJ, Rothwell PM. Effect of dose and combination of antihypertensives on interindividual blood pressure variability: a systematic review. Stroke. 2011;42:2860-5.
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 2860-2865
    • Webb, A.J.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 114
    • 80054026308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of beta-blocker selectivity on blood pressure variability and stroke: A systematic review
    • 21795649 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVKgsrjM
    • Webb AJ, Fischer U, Rothwell PM. Effects of beta-blocker selectivity on blood pressure variability and stroke: a systematic review. Neurology. 2011;77:731-7.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 731-737
    • Webb, A.J.1    Fischer, U.2    Rothwell, P.M.3
  • 115
    • 84867331209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antihypertensive treatment on headache and blood pressure variability in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review
    • 22354262 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlWqs7nM
    • Webb AJ, Rothwell PM. The effect of antihypertensive treatment on headache and blood pressure variability in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2012;259:1781-7.
    • (2012) J Neurol , vol.259 , pp. 1781-1787
    • Webb, A.J.1    Rothwell, P.M.2
  • 117
    • 0036190137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes
    • 11849464
    • Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int. 2002;61:1086-97.
    • (2002) Kidney Int , vol.61 , pp. 1086-1097
    • Schrier, R.W.1    Estacio, R.O.2    Esler, A.3    Mehler, P.4
  • 118
    • 34548420712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): A randomised controlled trial
    • 17765963 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVWjs7zO
    • Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, et al. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:829-40.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 829-840
    • Patel, A.1    Macmahon, S.2    Chalmers, J.3    Neal, B.4    Woodward, M.5    Billot, L.6
  • 119
    • 0018860732 scopus 로고
    • Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension
    • 6105544 1:STN:280:DyaL3c3ltlClsA%3D%3D
    • Parry CA. Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension. Lancet. 1980;2:425.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 425
    • Parry, C.A.1
  • 120
    • 0027991087 scopus 로고
    • The BBB Study: The effect of intensified antihypertensive treatment on the level of blood pressure, side-effects, morbidity and mortality in "well-treated" hypertensive patients. Behandla Blodtryck Battre
    • 7994450 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2Fos1OjtQ%3D%3D
    • Hannson L. The BBB Study: the effect of intensified antihypertensive treatment on the level of blood pressure, side-effects, morbidity and mortality in "well-treated" hypertensive patients. Behandla Blodtryck Battre. Blood Press. 1994;3:248-54.
    • (1994) Blood Press , vol.3 , pp. 248-254
    • Hannson, L.1
  • 121
    • 0033034404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial
    • 10030325 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivVCls78%3D
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, Lanke J, Hedner T, Niklason A, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:611-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 611-616
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Niskanen, L.3    Lanke, J.4    Hedner, T.5    Niklason, A.6
  • 123
    • 0021864792 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial
    • 2861311 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3jvFeiuw%3D%3D
    • Amery A, Birkenhager W, Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyttere M, et al. Mortality and morbidity results from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial. Lancet. 1985;1:1349-54.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1349-1354
    • Amery, A.1    Birkenhager, W.2    Brixko, P.3    Bulpitt, C.4    Clement, D.5    Deruyttere, M.6
  • 124
    • 27944473983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Felodipine Event Reduction (FEVER) Study: A randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients
    • 16269957 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFOhsLbN
    • Liu L, Zhang Y, Liu G, Li W, Zhang X, Zanchetti A. The Felodipine Event Reduction (FEVER) Study: a randomized long-term placebo-controlled trial in Chinese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2005;23:2157-72.
    • (2005) J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 2157-2172
    • Liu, L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Liu, G.3    Li, W.4    Zhang, X.5    Zanchetti, A.6
  • 125
    • 0022469583 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL2s%2FislChsw%3D%3D
    • Coope J, Warrender TS. Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293:1145-51.
    • (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.293 , pp. 1145-1151
    • Coope, J.1    Warrender, T.S.2
  • 126
    • 0018579580 scopus 로고
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension
    • Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension. Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group. JAMA. 1979;242:2562-2571.
    • (1979) JAMA , vol.242 , pp. 2562-2571
  • 127
    • 0020061073 scopus 로고
    • III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group
    • Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure. Hypertension detection and follow-up program cooperative group. JAMA. 1982;247:633-638.
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.247 , pp. 633-638
  • 128
    • 0018348998 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic control of blood pressure in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program, Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group
    • Therapeutic control of blood pressure in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group. Prev Med. 1979;8:2-13.
    • (1979) Prev Med , vol.8 , pp. 2-13
  • 129
    • 0032513878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group
    • 9635947 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXksV2qtrY%3D
    • Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlof B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998;351:1755-62.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1755-1762
    • Hansson, L.1    Zanchetti, A.2    Carruthers, S.G.3    Dahlof, B.4    Elmfeldt, D.5    Julius, S.6
  • 130
    • 0031128966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of stroke after hypertension for ten years in Hunan Province
    • 10374272 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mzgt1GjsA%3D%3D
    • Sun M, Zhou H, Jia Z. Prevention and treatment of stroke after hypertension for ten years in Hunan Province. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 1997;36:312-4.
    • (1997) Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi , vol.36 , pp. 312-314
    • Sun, M.1    Zhou, H.2    Jia, Z.3
  • 132
    • 0037160968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol
    • 11937178 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisV2htrw%3D
    • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995-1003.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 995-1003
    • Dahlof, B.1    Devereux, R.B.2    Kjeldsen, S.E.3    Julius, S.4    Beevers, G.5    De Faire, U.6
  • 133
    • 0021863832 scopus 로고
    • MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: Principal results. Medical research council working party
    • MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Medical research council working party. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291:97-104.
    • (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.291 , pp. 97-104
  • 134
    • 0026512315 scopus 로고
    • Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results
    • Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. MRC working party. BMJ. 1992; 04:405-412.
    • (1992) MRC Working Party. BMJ , vol.4 , pp. 405-412
  • 135
    • 0019197138 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mild hypertension: A five year controlled drug trial. The Oslo study
    • 7001898 1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2FlvFKiug%3D%3D
    • Helgeland A. Treatment of mild hypertension: a five year controlled drug trial. The Oslo study. Am J Med. 1980;69:725-32.
    • (1980) Am J Med , vol.69 , pp. 725-732
    • Helgeland, A.1
  • 136
    • 8144224441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria
    • 15492322 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptVejsrs%3D
    • Asselbergs FW, Diercks GF, Hillege HL, van Boven AJ, Janssen WM, Voors AA, et al. Effects of fosinopril and pravastatin on cardiovascular events in subjects with microalbuminuria. Circulation. 2004;110:2809-16.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , pp. 2809-2816
    • Asselbergs, F.W.1    Diercks, G.F.2    Hillege, H.L.3    Van Boven, A.J.4    Janssen, W.M.5    Voors, A.A.6
  • 137
    • 0024546199 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) pilot study
    • 2911834
    • Perry Jr HM, Smith WM, McDonald RH, Black D, Cutler JA, Furberg CD, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) pilot study. Stroke. 1989;20:4-13.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 4-13
    • Perry, Jr.H.M.1    Smith, W.M.2    McDonald, R.H.3    Black, D.4    Cutler, J.A.5    Furberg, C.D.6
  • 138
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-3264.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 139
    • 0025942936 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension)
    • 1682683 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fksl2ksg%3D%3D
    • Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Schersten B, Ekbom T, Wester PO. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet. 1991;338:1281-5.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Dahlof, B.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Hansson, L.3    Schersten, B.4    Ekbom, T.5    Wester, P.O.6
  • 140
    • 0033589756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study
    • 10577635 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVan
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, Dahlof B, Lanke J, Schersten B, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet. 1999;354:1751-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1751-1756
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Ekbom, T.3    Dahlof, B.4    Lanke, J.5    Schersten, B.6
  • 141
    • 0343487983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators
    • 9297994 1:STN:280:DyaK2svktlWgsQ%3D%3D
    • Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Celis H, Arabidze GG, Birkenhager WH, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. The Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Lancet. 1997;350:757-64.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 757-764
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Fagard, R.2    Thijs, L.3    Celis, H.4    Arabidze, G.G.5    Birkenhager, W.H.6
  • 142
    • 0031769003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group
    • 9869017 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisFCnsA%3D%3D
    • Liu L, Wang JG, Gong L, Liu G, Staessen JA. Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in China (Syst-China) Collaborative Group. J Hypertens. 1998;16:1823-9.
    • (1998) J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 1823-1829
    • Liu, L.1    Wang, J.G.2    Gong, L.3    Liu, G.4    Staessen, J.A.5
  • 143
    • 0027326310 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group
    • 8336373 1:STN:280:DyaK3szivFOmtg%3D%3D
    • Neaton JD, Grimm Jr RH, Prineas RJ, Stamler J, Grandits GA, Elmer PJ, et al. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. JAMA. 1993;270:713-24.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 713-724
    • Neaton, J.D.1    Grimm, Jr.R.H.2    Prineas, R.J.3    Stamler, J.4    Grandits, G.A.5    Elmer, P.J.6
  • 144
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • UK prospective diabetes study group
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 145
    • 0032511601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK prospective diabetes study group
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39
    • Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK prospective diabetes study group. BMJ. 1998;317:713-720.
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 713-720
  • 146
    • 0017387956 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mild hypertension: Results of a ten-year intervention trial
    • 140029 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7mtVCktw%3D%3D
    • Smith WM. Treatment of mild hypertension: results of a ten-year intervention trial. Circ Res. 1977;40:I98-I105.
    • (1977) Circ Res , vol.40
    • Smith, W.M.1
  • 147
    • 0014200585 scopus 로고
    • Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mm Hg. JAMA. 1967;202:1028-1034.
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.202 , pp. 1028-1034
  • 148
    • 0014952910 scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg
    • Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg. JAMA. 1970;213:1143-1152.
    • (1970) JAMA , vol.213 , pp. 1143-1152
  • 149
    • 0017893225 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of drug treatment in mild hypertension: VA-NHLBI feasibility trial. Plan and preliminary results of a two-year feasibility trial for a multicenter intervention study to evaluate the benefits versus the disadvantages of treating mild hypertension
    • Evaluation of drug treatment in mild hypertension: VA-NHLBI feasibility trial. Plan and preliminary results of a two-year feasibility trial for a multicenter intervention study to evaluate the benefits versus the disadvantages of treating mild hypertension. Prepared for the Veterans Administration- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group for Evaluating Treatment in Mild Hypertension. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1978;304:267-292.
    • (1978) Prepared for the Veterans Administration-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group for Evaluating Treatment in Mild Hypertension. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.304 , pp. 267-292


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.