Excess mortality associated with increased pulse pressure among middle-aged men and women is explained by high systolic blood pressure

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 417-423

  Antikainen, Riitta L ^a,d   Jousilahti, Pekka ^b   Vanhanen, Hannu ^c   Tuomilehto, Jaakko ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^b NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d OULU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

Author keywords

Middle aged population; Mortality; Prospective study; Pulse pressure; Systolic blood pressure

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; FINLAND; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PULSE PRESSURE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK; SMOKING; STROKE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

EID: 0034085169     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018040-00010     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. 1 Kannel WB. Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor. Prevention and treatment. JAMA 1996; 275:1571-1576.
2. 2 Black HR. Blood pressure control. Am J Med 1996; 101(Suppl 4A):50S-55S.
3. 3 Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995; 25:305-313.
4. 4 Franklin SS, Gustin W IV, Wong ND, Larson MG, Weber MA, Kannel WB, et al. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997; 96:308-315.
5. 5 Franklin SS, Weber MA. Measuring hypertensive cardiovascular risk: the vascular overload concept. Am Heart J 1994; 128:793-803.
6. 6 Glasser SP, Arnett DK, McVeigh GE, Finkelstein SM, Bank AJ, Morgan DJ, et al. Vascular compliance and cardiovascular disease. A risk factor or a marker. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10:1175-1189.
7. 7 Safar ME, Cloarec-Blanchard L, London GM. Arterial alterations in hypertension with a disproportionate increase in systolic over diastolic blood pressure. J Hypertens 1996; 14 (Suppl 2):S103-S110.
8. 8 O'Rourke MF, Mancia G. Arterial stiffness. J Hypertens 1999; 17:1-4.
9. 9 Antikainen R, Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J. Systolic blood pressure, isolated systolic hypertension and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the middle-aged population. J Hypertens 1998; 16:577-583.
10. 10 1999 World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. Guidelines Subcommittee. J Hypertens 1999; 17:151-183.
11. 11 Puska P, Tuomilehto J, Salonen J, Nissinen A, Virtamo J, Björkquist S, et al. Community control of cardiovascular disease - The North Karelia Project: evaluation of a comprehensive community programme for control of cardiovascular diseases in 1972-1977 in North Karelia. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization/European region, 1981.
12. 12 Puska P, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT, Koskela K, McAlister A, et al. The community based strategy to prevent coronary heart disease: conclusions from the ten years of the North Karelia Project. Ann Rev Public Health 1985; 6:147-193.
13. 13 Cox DR. Regression models and life tables. J R Stat Soc (B) 1972; 34: 187-220.
14. 14 Kannel WB, Dawber TR, McGee DL. Perspectives on systolic hypertension. The Framingham study. Circulation 1980; 61:1179-1182.
15. 15 Stamler J, Neaton JD, Wentworth DN. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and risk of fatal coronary heart disease. Hypertension 1989. 13(Suppl I):2-12.
16. 16 Kannel WB, Gordon T, Schwartz MJ. Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Am J Cardiol 1971; 27:335-346.
17. 17 Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Sorlie P, Wolf PA. Components of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain infarction: The Framingham Study. Stroke 1976; 7:327-331.
18. 18 Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhaven S. Distribution and determinants of cardiovascular events during 20 years of successful antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens 1998; 16:761-769.
19. 19 Madhaven S. Ooi WL, Cohen H, Alderman MH. Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Hypertension 1994; 23:395-402.
20. 20 Fang J, Madhaven S, Cohen H, Alderman MH. Isolated diastolic hypertension. A favorable finding among young and middle-aged hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 1995; 26:377-382.
21. 21 Fang J, Madhaven S, Cohen H, Alderman MH. Measures of blood pressure and myocardial infarction in treated hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 1995; 13:413-419.
22. 22 Millar JA, Lever AF, Burke V. Pulse pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in the MRC Mild Hypertension Trial. J Hypertens 1999; 17:1065-1072.
23. 23 Abernathy J, Borhani NO, Hawkins CM, Crow R, Entwisle G, Jones JW, et al. Systolic blood pressure as an independent predictor of mortality in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. Am J Prev Med 1986; 2:123-132.
24. 24 Franklin SS, Shehzad AK, Wong ND, Larson MG, Levy D. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease? The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1999; 100:354-360.
25. 25 Lee M-LT, Rosner BA, Weiss ST. Relationship of blood pressure to cardiovascular death: the effects of pulse pressure in the elderly. Ann Epidemiol 1999; 9:101-107.
26. 26 Chae CU, Pfeffer MA, Glynn RJ, Mitchell GF, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. Increase in pulse pressure and risk of heart failure in the elderly. JAMA 1999; 281:634-639.
27. 27 Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A, Smulyan H, Richard J-L, Ducimetière P, et al. Pulse pressure. A predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension 1997; 30:1410-1415.
28. 28 Benetos A, Rudnichi A, Safar M, Guize L. Pulse pressure and cardiovascular mortality in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 1998; 32:560-564.
29. 29 Scuteri A, Cacciafesta M, Di Bernando MG, De Propris AM, Recchi D, Celli V, et al. Pulsatile versus steady-state component of blood pressure in elderly females: an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Hypertens 1995; 13:185-191.
30. 30 Darne B, Girerd X, Safar M, Cambien F, Guize L. Pulsatile versus steady state component of blood pressure: a cross sectional analysis and a prospective analysis on cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension 1989; 13:392-400.
31. 31 Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Pede S, Porcellati C. Ambulatory blood pressure. A potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32:983-988.
32. 32 Domanski MJ, Davis BR, Pfeffer MA, Kastantin M, Mitchell GF. Isolated systolic hypertension. Prognostic information provided by pulse pressure. Hypertension 1999; 34: 375-380.
33. 33 Mitchell GF, Moyé LA, Braunwald E, Rouleau J-L, Bernstein V, Geltman EM, et al. for the SAVE Investigators. Sphygmomanometrically determined pulse pressure is a powerful independent predictor of recurrent events after myocardial infarction in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Circulation 1997; 96:4254-4260.
34. 34 Dyer AR, Stamler J, Shekelle RB, Schoenberger JA, Stamler R, Shekelle S, et al. Pulse pressure III. Prognostic significance in four Chicago epidemiologic studies. J Chron Dis 1982; 35:283-294.
35. 35 Sarti C, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Sivenius J, Kaarsalo E, Narva EV, et al. Epidemiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage in Finland from 1983 to 1985. Stroke 1991; 22:848-853.
36. 36 Yano K, McGee D, Reed DM. The impact of elevated blood pressure upon 10-year mortality among Japanese men in Hawaii: the Honolulu Heart Program. J Chron Dis 1983; 36:569-579.
37. 37 Arakawa S, Saku Y, Ibayashi S, Nagao T, Fujishima M. Blood pressure control and recurrence of hypertensive brain hemorrhage. Stroke 1998; 29:1806-1809.
38. 38 Pajak A, Kuulasmaa K, Tuomilehto J, Ruokokoski E: Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35-64 years. The WHO MONICA Project. World Health Stat Q 1988; 41:115-140.
39. 39 Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Rajakangas AM, Pajak A. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents. Circulation 1994; 90:583-612.
40. 40 Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Celis H, Birkenhäger WH, Bulbitt CJ, et al. for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. Subgroup and per-protocol analysis of the randomized European trial on isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:1681-1691.
41. 41 Remes J, Miettinen H, Reunanen A, Pyörälä K. Validity of clinical diagnosis of heart failure in primary health care. Eur Heart J 1991; 12:315-321.
42. 42 Sharpe N, Doughty R. Epidemiology of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction. Lancet 1998; 352 (Suppl I):3-7.
43. 43 Collins R, MacMahon S. Blood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risks of stroke and of coronary heart disease. Br Med Bull 1994; 50:272-298.