Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly for the Preparation of Porous Metal Oxide Films

Solution Processing of Inorganic Materials

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 283-312

  Smarsly, Bernd ^a   Fattakhova Rohlfing, Dina ^b  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Dye sensitized solar mesoporous films; EISA and porous metal oxide film preparation; Self assembled film characterization

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889442435     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470407790.ch9     Document Type: Chapter

References (89)

1. Brinker, C. J.; Lu, Y. F.; Sellinger, A.; Fan, H. Y. 1999. Evaporation-induced self-assembly: Nanostructures made easy. Adv. Mater. 11: 579-585.
2. Huang, Y.; Cai, H. Q.; Yu, T.; Sun, X. L.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Y. 2007. Highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks from a template of a mixed amphiphilic triblock-copolymer system of PEO-PPO-PEO and reverse PPO-PEO-PPO. Chem.-Asian J. 2: 1282-1289.
3. Tanaka, S.; Katayama, Y.; Tate, M. P.; Hillhouse, H. W.; Miyake, Y. 2007. Fabrication of continuous mesoporous carbon films with face-centered orthorhombic symmetry through a soft templating pathway. J. Mater. Chem. 17: 3639-3645.
4. Grosso, D.; Cagnol, F.; Soler-Illia, G.; Crepaldi, E. L.; Amenitsch, H.; Brunet-Bruneau, A.; Bourgeois, A.; Sanchez, C. 2004. Fundamentals of mesostructuring through evaporation-induced self-assembly. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14: 309-322.
5. Smarsly, B.; Antonietti, M. 2006. Block copolymer assemblies as templates for the generation of mesoporous inorganic materials and crystalline films. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1111-1119.
6. Soler-Illia, G.; Innocenzi, P. 2006. Mesoporous hybrid thin films: The physics and chemistry beneath. Chem.-Eur. J. 12: 4478-4494.
7. Sayari, A.; Hamoudi, S. 2001. Periodic mesoporous silica-based organic-inorganic nanocomposite materials. Chem. Mater. 13: 3151-3168.
8. Hoffmann, F.; Cornelius, M.; Morell, J.; Froba, M. 2006. Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs): Past, present, and future. J. Nanosc. Nanotech. 6: 265-288.
9. Vinu, A.; Hossain, K. Z.; Ariga, K. 2005. Recent advances in functionalization of mesoporous silica. J. Nanosc. Nanotech. 5: 347-371.
10. Soler-illia, G. J. D.; Sanchez, C.; Lebeau, B.; Patarin, J. 2002. Chemical strategies to design textured materials: From microporous and mesoporous oxides to nanonetworks and hierarchical structures. Chem. Rev. 102: 4093-4138.
11. Yang, P. D.; Zhao, D. Y.; Margolese, D. I.; Chmelka, B. F.; Stucky, G. D. 1998. Generalized syntheses of large-pore mesoporous metal oxides with semicrystalline frameworks. Nature 396: 152-155.
12. Lu, A. H.; Schuth, F. 2006. Nanocasting: A versatile strategy for creating nanostructured porous materials. Adv. Mater. 18: 1793-1805.
13. Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Roth, W. J.; Vartuli, J. C.; Beck, J. S. 1992. Ordered mesoporous molecular-sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature 359: 710-712.
14. Alberius, P. C. A.; Frindell, K. L.; Hayward, R. C.; Kramer, E. J.; Stucky, G. D.; Chmelka, B. F. 2002. G eneral predictive syntheses of cubic, hexagonal, and lamellar silica and titania mesostructured thin films. Chem. Mater. 14: 3284-3294.
15. Kramer, E.; Forster, S.; Goltner, C.; Antonietti, M. 1998. Synthesis of nanoporous silica with new pore morphologies by templating the assemblies of ionic block copolymers. Langmuir 14: 2027-2031.
16. Zhao, D. Y.; Feng, J. L.; Huo, Q. S.; Melosh, N.; Fredrickson, G. H.; Chmelka, B. F.; Stucky, G. D. 1998. Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores. Science 279: 548-552.
17. Goltner, C. G.; Henke, S.; Weissenberger, M. C.; Antonietti, M. 1998. Mesoporous silica from lyotropic liquid crystal polymer templates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37: 613-616.
18. Goltner, C. G.; Berton, B.; Kramer, E.; Antonietti, M. 1999. Nanoporous silicas by casting the aggregates of amphiphilic block copolymers: The transition from cylinders to lamellae and vesicles. Adv. Mater. 11: 395-398.
19. Thomas, A.; Schlaad, H.; Smarsly, B.; Antonietti, M. 2003. Replication of lyotropic block copolymer mesophases into porous silica by nanocasting: Learning about finer details of polymer self-assembly. Langmuir 19: 4455-4459.
20. Freer, E. M.; Krupp, L. E.; Hinsberg, W. D.; Rice, P. M.; Hedrick, J. L.; Cha, J. N.; Miller, R. D.; Kim, H. C. 2005. Oriented mesoporous organosilicate thin films. Nano Lett. 5: 2014-2018.
21. 2 with 10-nm pore diameter made with a new block copolymer template. Chem. Mater. 16: 2948-2952.
22. Schrader, D. M.; Jean, Y. C. 1988. Positron and Positronium Chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
23. Gidley, D. W.; Frieze, W. E.; Dull, T. L.; Yee, A. F.; Ryan, E. T.; Ho, H. M. 1999. Positronium annihilation in mesoporous thin films. Phys. Rev. B 60: R5157-R5160.
24. Petkov, M. P.; Weber, M. H.; Lynn, K. G.; Rodbell, K. P. 2001. Porosity characterization by beam-based three-photon positron annihilation spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79: 3884-3886.
25. Dull, T. L.; Frieze, W. E.; Gidley, D. W.; Sun, J. N.; Yee, A. F. 2001. Determination of pore size in mesoporous thin films from the annihilation lifetime of positronium. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105: 4657-4662.
26. Thommes, M. 2004. Physical adsorption characterization of ordered and amorphous mesoporous materials. In Nanoporous Materials: Science and Engineering, edited by Lu, G. Q.; Zhao, X. S. Imperial College Press, London. pp. 317-364.
27. Zukal, A. 2006. Adsorption and pore condensation of krypton on mesoporous silicas at 77 K. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 92: 220-226.
28. Chiu, C. Y.; Chiang, A. S. T.; Chao, K. J. 2006. Mesoporous silica powders and films-Pore size characterization by krypton adsorption. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 91: 244-253.
29. 2 thin films and their induced electrochemical activity as a function of pore hierarchy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17: 3241-3250.
30. Glaves, C. L.; Frye, G. C.; Smith, D. M.; Brinker, C. J.; Datye, A.; Ricco, A. J.; Martin, S. J. 1989. Pore structure characterization of porous films. Langmuir 5: 459-466.
31. Boissiere, C.; Grosso, D.; Lepoutre, S.; Nicole, L.; Bruneau, A. B.; Sanchez, C. 2005. Porosity and mechanical properties of mesoporous thin films assessed by environmental ellipsometric porosimetry. Langmuir 21: 12362-12371.
32. Fuertes, M. C.; Lopez-Alcaraz, F. J.; Marchi, M. C.; Troiani, H. E.; Luca, V.; Miguez, H.; Soler-Illia, G. 2007. Photonic crystals from ordered mesoporous thin-film functional building blocks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17: 1247-1254.
33. Grosso, D.; Babonneau, F.; Albouy, P. A.; Amenitsch, H.; Balkenende, A. R.; Brunet-Bruneau, A.; Rivory, J. 2002. An in situ study of mesostructured CTAB-silica film formation during dip coating using time-resolved SAXS and interferometry measurements. Chem. Mater. 14: 931-939.
34. 2 anatase optical thin films with cubic mesostructure stabilized at 700 degrees C. Chem. Mater. 15: 4562-4570.
35. Gibaud, A.; Grosso, D.; Smarsly, B.; Baptiste, A.; Bardeau, J. F.; Babonneau, F.; Doshi, D. A.; Chen, Z.; Brinker, C. J.; Sanchez, C. 2003. Evaporation-controlled self-assembly of silica surfactant mesophases. J. Phys. Chem. B 107: 6114-6118.
36. 2 thin films with highly crystalline frameworks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 16: 1433-1440.
37. Tate, M. P.; Urade, V. N.; Kowalski, J. D.; Wei, T. C.; Hamilton, B. D.; Eggiman, B. W.; Hillhouse, H. W. 2006. Simulation and interpretation of 2D diffraction patterns from self-assembled nanostructured films at arbitrary angles of incidence: From grazing incidence (above the critical angle) to transmission perpendicular to the substrate. J. Phys. Chem. B 110: 9882-9892.
38. Ruland, W.; Smarsly, B. M. 2007. 2D SAXS of self-assembled nanocomposite films with oriented arrays of spheres: Determination of lattice type, preferred orientation, deformation and imperfection. J. Appl. Cryst. 40: 409-417.
39. Ruland, W.; Smarsly, B. 2005. SAXS of self-assembled nanocomposite films with oriented two-dimensional cylinder arrays: An advanced method of evaluation. J. Appl. Cryst. 38: 78-86.
40. Ruland, W.; Smarsly, B. 2004. SAXS of self-assembled oriented lamellar nanocomposite films: An advanced method of evaluation. J. Appl. Cryst. 37: 575-584.
41. Dourdain, S.; Bardeau, J. F.; Colas, M.; Smarsly, B.; Mehdi, A.; Ocko, B. M.; Gibaud, A. 2005. Determination by x-ray reflectivity and small angle x-ray scattering of the porous properties of mesoporous silica thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86: 113108.
42. Dourdain, S.; Gibaud, A. 2005. On the capillary condensation of water in mesoporous silica films measured by x-ray reflectivity. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87: 223105.
43. 2. Nature 293: 206-208.
44. Gratzel, M. 2001. Photoelectrochemical cells. Nature 414: 338-344.
45. Yang, P. D.; Zhao, D. Y.; Margolese, D. I.; Chmelka, B. F.; Stucky, G. D. 1999. Block copolymer templating syntheses of mesoporous metal oxides with large ordering lengths and semicrystalline framework. Chem. Mater. 11: 2813-2826.
46. Bosc, F.; Ayral, A.; Albouy, P. A.; Guizard, C. 2003. A simple route for low-temperature synthesis of mesoporous and nanocrystalline anatase thin films. Chem. Mater. 15: 2463-2468.
47. Bosc, F.; Ayral, A.; Albouy, P. A.; Datas, L.; Guizard, C. 2004. Mesostructure of anatase thin films prepared by mesophase templating. Chem. Mater. 16: 2208-2214.
48. Chen, L.; Yao, B.; Cao, Y.; Fan, K. 2007. Synthesis of well-ordered mesoporous titania with tunable phase content and high photoactivity. J. Phys. Chem. C 111: 11849-11853.
49. 2. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 125: 9770-9786.
50. Grosso, D.; Boissiere, C.; Nicole, L.; Sanchez, C. 2006. Preparation, treatment and characterisation of nanocrystalline mesoporous ordered layers. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 40: 141-154.
51. Crepaldi, E. L.; Soler-Illia, G.; Grosso, D.; Sanchez, M. 2003. Nanocrystallised titania and zirconia mesoporous thin films exhibiting enhanced thermal stability. New J. Chem. 27: 9-13.
52. 2-NiTiO 3) mesoporous thin films. New J. Chem. 29: 141-144.
53. Urade, V. N.; Hillhouse, H. W. 2005. Synthesis of thermally stable highly ordered nanoporous tin oxide thin films with a 3D face-centered orthorhombic nanostructure . J. Phys. Chem. B 109: 10538-10541.
54. 2 thin films. J. Phys. Chem. C 111: 5582-5587.
55. 2: Bulk and crack-free thin film morphologies. Adv. Funct. Mater. 14: 335-344.
56. Grosso, D.; Boissiere, C.; Smarsly, B.; Brezesinski, T.; Pinna, N.; Albouy, P. A.; Amenitsch, H.; Antonietti, M.; Sanchez, C. 2004. Periodically ordered nanoscale islands and mesoporous films composed of nanocrystalline multimetallic oxides. Nature Mater. 3: 787-792.
57. Brezesinski, T.; Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D.; Sallard, S.; Antonietti, M.; Smarsly, B. M. 2006. Highly crystalline WO 3 thin films with ordered 3D mesoporosity and improved electrochromic performance. Small 2: 1203-1211.
58. Brezesinski, T.; Groenewolt, M.; A ntonietti, M.; S marsly, B. 2006. Crystal-to-crystal phase transition in self-assembled mesoporous iron oxide films. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45: 781-784.
59. Fattakhova-Rohfing, D.; Brezesinski, T.; Rathousky, J.; Feldhoff, A.; Oekermann, T.; Wark, M.; Smarsly, B. 2006. Transparent conducting films of indium tin oxide with 3D mesopore architecture. Adv. Mater. 18: 2980-2983.
60. Kuemmel, M.; Grosso, D.; Boissiere, U.; Smarsly, B.; Brezesinski, T.; Albouy, P. A.; Amenitsch, H.; S anchez, C. 2005. T hermally stable nanocrystalline gammaalumina layers with highly ordered 3D mesoporosity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44: 4589-4592.
61. 2 thin films: A model system for the generation of mesostructured transition-metal oxides. Small 1: 889-898.
62. Ba, J. H.; Polleux, J.; Antonietti, M.; Niederberger, M. 2005. Non-aqueous synthesis of tin oxide nanocrystals and their assembly into ordered porous mesostructures . Adv. Mater. 17: 2509-2512.
63. Deshpande, A. S.; Pinna, N.; Smarsly, B.; Antonietti, M.; Niederberger, M. 2005. Controlled assembly of preformed ceria nanocrystals into highly ordered 3D nanostructures . Small 1: 313-316.
64. Supplit, R; Husing, N.; Gross, S.; Bernstorff, S.; Puchberger, M. 2007. Hafnium oxide doped mesostructured silica films. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2797-2802.
65. Brezesinski, T.; Antonietti, M.; Smarsly, B. M. 2007. Self-assembled metal oxide bilayer films with " single-crystalline " overlayer mesopore structure. Adv. Mater. 19: 1074-1078.
66. Etienne, M.; Quach, A.; Grosso, D.; Nicole, L.; Sanchez, C.; Walcarius, A. 2007. Molecular transport into mesostructured silica thin films: Electrochemical monitoring and comparison between p6m, P6(3)/mmc, and Pm3n structures. Chem. Mater. 19: 844-856.
67. Walcarius, A. 2001. Electrochemical applications of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Chem. Mater. 13: 3351-3372.
68. Etienne, M.; Walcarius, A. 2005. Evaporation induced self-assembly of templated silica and organosilica thin films on various electrode surfaces. Electrochem. Comm. 7: 1449-1456.
69. Etienne, M.; Cortot, J.; Walcarius, A. 2007. Preconcentration electroanalysis at surfactant-templated thiol-functionalized silica thin films. Electroanalysis 19: 129-138.
70. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D.; Wark, M.; Rathousky, J. 2007. Electrode layers for electrochemical applications based on functionalized mesoporous silica films. Sens. Actuat. B-Chem. 126: 78-81.
71. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D.; Wark, M.; Rathousky, J. 2007. Ion-permselective pH-switchable mesoporous silica thin layers. Chem. Mater. 19: 1640-1647.
72. Fattakhova-Rohlfing, D.; Rathousky, J.; Rohlfing, Y.; Bartels, O.; Wark, M. 2005. Functionalized mesoporous silica films as a matrix for anchoring electrochemically active guests. Langmuir 21: 11320-11329.
73. Sallard, S.; Brezesinski, T.; Smarsly, B. M. 2007. Electrochromic stability of WO 3 thin films with nanometer-scale periodicity and varying degrees of crystallinity. J. Phys. Chem. C 111: 7200-7206.
74. 2 films. J. Electroceramics 17: 929-932.
75. 2 (anatase) in aprotic medium. J. Solid State Electrochem. 11: 1163-1169.
76. 2 for lithium ion batteries. J. Solid State Electrochem. 9: 138-145.
77. 2 electrodes. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 44: 653-659.
78. 2 (anatase): Characteristic features of lithium insertion electrochemistry in organized nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. B 104: 12012-12020
79. 2 (anatase). J. Electrochem. Soc. 147: 2897-2902.
80. 2 films with controlled crystallinity: A Li-insertion study. Adv. Funct. Mater. 17: 123-132.
81. Peter, L. M. 2007. Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9: 2630-2642.
82. Lancelle-Beltran, E.; Prene, P.; Boscher, C.; Belleville, P.; Buvat, P.; Lambert, S.; Guillet, F.; Boissiere, C.; Grosso, D.; Sanchez, C. 2006. Nanostructured hybrid solar cells based on self-assembled mesoporous titania thin films. Chem. Mater. 18: 6152-6156.
83. Malfatti, L.; Falcaro, P.; Amenitsch, H.; Caramori, S.; Argazzi, R.; Bignozzi, C. A.; Enzo, S.; Maggini, M.; Innocenzi, P. 2006. M esostructured self-assembled titania films for photovoltaic applications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 88: 304-311.
84. 2 films exhibiting greatly enhanced performance in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett. 5: 1789-1792.
85. 2 interlayer on dye-sensitized solar cells. 2007. J. Appl. Phys. 101: 084312.
86. 2 films. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 87: 513-519.
87. Ngamsinlapasathian, S.; Pavasupree, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Yoshikawa, S. 2006. Dye-sensitized solar cell made of mesoporous titania by surfactant-assisted templating method. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells 90: 3187-3192.
88. 2 electrodes by surface treatment with titanium(IV), indium(III) and zirconium(IV) oxide precursors: Preparation, characterization and photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. Nanotechnology 18: 125608.
89. 2 films with UV-Vis, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopies. J. Phys. Chem. B 110: 8723-8730.