메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue , 2013, Pages 877-895

Pathogenesis and management of postprandial hyperglycemia: Role of incretin-based therapies

Author keywords

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; Glucagon like peptide 1; Postprandial hyperglycemia; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

ALBIGLUTIDE; ALOGLIPTIN; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; DUTOGLIPTIN; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; INCRETIN; INSULIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; LIXISENATIDE; METFORMIN; PLACEBO; VILDAGLIPTIN;

EID: 84889255593     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11787074     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S51665     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (69)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 0032449219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Impaired insulin secretion versus impaired insulin sensitivity
    • Gerich JE. The genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: impaired insulin secretion versus impaired insulin sensitivity. Endocr Rev. 1998;19(4):491-503.
    • (1998) Endocr Rev. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 491-503
    • Gerich, J.E.1
  • 2
    • 0037283601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn SE. The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2003;46(1):3-19.
    • (2003) Diabetologia. , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-19
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 3
    • 45849141304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes: Pathogenesis and treatment
    • Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, van Haeften TW. Type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis and treatment. Lancet. 2008;371(9631):2153-2156.
    • (2008) Lancet. , vol.371 , Issue.9631 , pp. 2153-2156
    • Stumvoll, M.1    Goldstein, B.J.2    van Haeften, T.W.3
  • 4
    • 0038687386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia
    • Gerich JE. Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(11):1306-1316.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med. , vol.163 , Issue.11 , pp. 1306-1316
    • Gerich, J.E.1
  • 5
    • 61549094702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial glucose-a potential therapeutic target to reduce cardiovascular mortality
    • Peter R, Okoseime OE, Rees A, Owens DR. Postprandial glucose-a potential therapeutic target to reduce cardiovascular mortality. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009;7(1):68-74.
    • (2009) Curr Vasc Pharmacol. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-74
    • Peter, R.1    Okoseime, O.E.2    Rees, A.3    Owens, D.R.4
  • 6
    • 33846706458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The loss of postprandial glycemic control precedes stepwise deterioration of fasting with worsening diabetes
    • Monnier L, Colette C, Dunseath GJ, Owens DR. The loss of postprandial glycemic control precedes stepwise deterioration of fasting with worsening diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(2):263-269.
    • (2007) Diabetes Care. , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-269
    • Monnier, L.1    Colette, C.2    Dunseath, G.J.3    Owens, D.R.4
  • 7
    • 59249088492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of postprandial glucose levels as a target for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes
    • Tibaldi J. Importance of postprandial glucose levels as a target for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. South Med J. 2009;102(1):60-66.
    • (2009) South Med J. , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-66
    • Tibaldi, J.1
  • 8
    • 78651338445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes-2011
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2011. Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care. , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 9
    • 34247636085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels
    • Woerle HJ, Neumann C, Zschau S, etal. Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(2):280-285.
    • (2007) Diabetes Res Clin Pract. , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 280-285
    • Woerle, H.J.1    Neumann, C.2    Zschau, S.3
  • 10
    • 85043401432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation
    • Available from: Accessed October 26, 2012
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF guideline for management of postmeal glucose. Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/Guideline_PMG_final.pdf. Accessed October 26, 2012.
    • IDF guideline for management of postmeal glucose
  • 11
    • 0032902850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20studies of 95,783individuals followed for 12.4 years
    • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20studies of 95,783individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(2):233-240.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-240
    • Coutinho, M.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Wang, Y.3    Yusuf, S.4
  • 12
    • 69549118497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial glucose improves the risk prediction of cardiovascular death beyond the metabolic syndrome in the nondiabetic population
    • Lin HJ, Lee BC, Ho YL, etal. Postprandial glucose improves the risk prediction of cardiovascular death beyond the metabolic syndrome in the nondiabetic population. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1721-1726.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 1721-1726
    • Lin, H.J.1    Lee, B.C.2    Ho, Y.L.3
  • 13
    • 75549089924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of postprandial glucose and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes: Understanding and implementing the International Diabetes Federation guidelines
    • Gallwitz B. Implications of postprandial glucose and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes: understanding and implementing the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32 Suppl 2:S322-S325.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Gallwitz, B.1
  • 14
    • 3543017291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meal-generated oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Motz E, etal. Meal-generated oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(9):1529-1533.
    • (1998) Diabetes Care. , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1529-1533
    • Ceriello, A.1    Bortolotti, N.2    Motz, E.3
  • 15
    • 13044287359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meal-induced oxidative stress and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in diabetes: The possible role of hyperglycemia
    • Ceriello A, Bortolotti N, Motz E, etal. Meal-induced oxidative stress and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in diabetes: the possible role of hyperglycemia. Metabolism. 1999;48(12):1503-1508.
    • (1999) Metabolism. , vol.48 , Issue.12 , pp. 1503-1508
    • Ceriello, A.1    Bortolotti, N.2    Motz, E.3
  • 16
    • 0037015288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: Effects of short-and long-term simvastatin treatment
    • Ceriello A, Taboga C, Tonutti L, etal. Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short-and long-term simvastatin treatment. Circulation. 2002; 106(10):1211-1218.
    • (2002) Circulation. , vol.106 , Issue.10 , pp. 1211-1218
    • Ceriello, A.1    Taboga, C.2    Tonutti, L.3
  • 17
    • 84866268783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
    • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, etal. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1364-1379.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care. , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1364-1379
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Buse, J.B.3
  • 18
    • 85043401432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation
    • Available from: Accessed June 6, 2013
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF guidelines for management of postmeal glucose in patients with diabetes. Available from: http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/postmeal%20glucose%20guidelines.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2013.
    • IDF guidelines for management of postmeal glucose in patients with diabetes
  • 19
    • 70349319712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of incretin-based therapies: GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4-inhibitors
    • Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Spinas GA, Rini GB, Berneis K. Glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of incretin-based therapies: GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4-inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18(10): 1495-1503.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Investig Drugs. , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 1495-1503
    • Rizzo, M.1    Rizvi, A.A.2    Spinas, G.A.3    Rini, G.B.4    Berneis, K.5
  • 20
    • 8544226262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal renal, hepatic, and muscle glucose metabolism following glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetes
    • Meyer C, Woerle HJ, Dostou JM, Welle SL, Gerich JE. Abnormal renal, hepatic, and muscle glucose metabolism following glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287(6):E1049-E1056.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. , vol.287 , Issue.6
    • Meyer, C.1    Woerle, H.J.2    Dostou, J.M.3    Welle, S.L.4    Gerich, J.E.5
  • 21
    • 0026602267 scopus 로고
    • Role of reduced suppression of glucose production and diminished early insulin release in impaired glucose tolerance
    • Mitrakou A, Kelley D, Mokan M, etal. Role of reduced suppression of glucose production and diminished early insulin release in impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(1):22-29.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med. , vol.326 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-29
    • Mitrakou, A.1    Kelley, D.2    Mokan, M.3
  • 22
    • 33644874034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for abnormal postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes
    • Woerle HJ, Szoke E, Meyer C, etal. Mechanisms for abnormal postprandial glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;290(1):E67-E77.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. , vol.290 , Issue.1
    • Woerle, H.J.1    Szoke, E.2    Meyer, C.3
  • 23
    • 33646556435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease
    • Gerich JE. Postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease. Endocr Pract. 2006;12 Suppl 1:47-51.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract. , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 47-51
    • Gerich, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 0042166232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: Variations with increasing levels of HbA1c
    • Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA1c. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):881-885.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care. , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 881-885
    • Monnier, L.1    Lapinski, H.2    Colette, C.3
  • 25
    • 84859033619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of basal and postprandial hyperglycemia over a wide range of A1c levels before and after treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes
    • Riddle M, Umpierrez G, DiGenio A, Zhou R, Rosenstock J. Contributions of basal and postprandial hyperglycemia over a wide range of A1c levels before and after treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(12):2508-2514.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care. , vol.34 , Issue.12 , pp. 2508-2514
    • Riddle, M.1    Umpierrez, G.2    DiGenio, A.3    Zhou, R.4    Rosenstock, J.5
  • 26
    • 0034293371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative contributions of beta-cell function and tissue insulin sensitivity to fasting and postglucose-load glycemia
    • van Haeften TW, Pimenta W, Mitrakou A, etal. Relative contributions of beta-cell function and tissue insulin sensitivity to fasting and postglucose-load glycemia. Metabolism. 2000;49(10):1318-1325.
    • (2000) Metabolism. , vol.49 , Issue.10 , pp. 1318-1325
    • van Haeften, T.W.1    Pimenta, W.2    Mitrakou, A.3
  • 27
    • 84878448112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25 years of progress in type 2 diabetes
    • Ceriello A. 25 years of progress in type 2 diabetes. Medicographia. 2011;33:29-34.
    • (2011) Medicographia. , vol.33 , pp. 29-34
    • Ceriello, A.1
  • 28
    • 77953246155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does postprandial blood glucose matter and why?
    • Ceriello A. Does postprandial blood glucose matter and why? Endocrinol Nutr. 2009;56 Suppl 4:8-11.
    • (2009) Endocrinol Nutr. , vol.56 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 8-11
    • Ceriello, A.1
  • 29
    • 66749181130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure
    • Node K, Inoue T. Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:23.
    • (2009) Cardiovasc Diabetol. , vol.8 , pp. 23
    • Node, K.1    Inoue, T.2
  • 30
    • 79959774659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability: Should we care?
    • S120-S127
    • Standl E, Schnell O, Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability: should we care? Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 2:S120-S127.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care. , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Standl, E.1    Schnell, O.2    Ceriello, A.3
  • 31
    • 77955657267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: The missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009
    • Defronzo RA. Insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis: the missing links. The Claude Bernard Lecture 2009. Diabetologia. 2010;53(7):1270-1287.
    • (2010) Diabetologia. , vol.53 , Issue.7 , pp. 1270-1287
    • Defronzo, R.A.1
  • 32
    • 1242292299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The post-prandial state in type 2 diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: Effects of insulin aspart
    • Ceriello A, Cavarape A, Martinelli L, etal. The post-prandial state in type 2 diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: effects of insulin aspart. Diabet Med. 2004;21(2):171-175.
    • (2004) Diabet Med. , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-175
    • Ceriello, A.1    Cavarape, A.2    Martinelli, L.3
  • 33
    • 3142760075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • for the Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Group
    • Esposito K, Giugliano D, Nappo F, Marfella R; for the Campanian Postprandial Hyperglycemia Study Group. Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2004;110(2):214-219.
    • (2004) Circulation. , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 214-219
    • Esposito, K.1    Giugliano, D.2    Nappo, F.3    Marfella, R.4
  • 34
    • 77951473452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events
    • Holman RR, Haffner SM, McMurray JJ, etal. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(16):1463-1476.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med. , vol.362 , Issue.16 , pp. 1463-1476
    • Holman, R.R.1    Haffner, S.M.2    McMurray, J.J.3
  • 35
    • 0035405796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized dose ranging study of the reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes by nateglinide (A-4166)
    • Gribble FM, Manley SE, Levy JC. Randomized dose ranging study of the reduction of fasting and postprandial glucose in type 2 diabetes by nateglinide (A-4166). Diabetes Care. 2001;24(7):1221-1225.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care. , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 1221-1225
    • Gribble, F.M.1    Manley, S.E.2    Levy, J.C.3
  • 36
    • 64749114318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: The HEART2D trial
    • Raz I, Wilson PW, Strojek K, etal. Effects of prandial versus fasting glycemia on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: the HEART2D trial. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(3):381-386.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-386
    • Raz, I.1    Wilson, P.W.2    Strojek, K.3
  • 37
    • 64749115996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease: Is the HEART2D study the answer?
    • Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease: is the HEART2D study the answer? Diabetes Care. 2009;32(3): 521-522.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 521-522
    • Ceriello, A.1
  • 38
    • 34247372572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: New pharmacologic approaches to improve glycemic control
    • Cohen A, Horton ES. Progress in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: new pharmacologic approaches to improve glycemic control. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(4):905-917.
    • (2007) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 905-917
    • Cohen, A.1    Horton, E.S.2
  • 39
    • 75749115884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes-a comprehensive review
    • Garg SK. The role of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes-a comprehensive review. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010;12(1):11-24.
    • (2010) Diabetes Technol Ther. , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-24
    • Garg, S.K.1
  • 40
    • 33846006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incretin system: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in type 2 diabetes
    • Drucker DJ, Nauck MA. The incretin system: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2006;368(9548):1696-1705.
    • (2006) Lancet. , vol.368 , Issue.9548 , pp. 1696-1705
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Nauck, M.A.2
  • 41
    • 77950796225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes: Postprandial hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular risk
    • Aryangat AV, Gerich JE. Type 2 diabetes: postprandial hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular risk. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6: 145-155.
    • (2010) Vasc Health Risk Manag. , vol.6 , pp. 145-155
    • Aryangat, A.V.1    Gerich, J.E.2
  • 42
    • 78650860373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous GLP-1 regulates postprandial glycemia in humans: Relative contributions of insulin, glucagon, and gastric emptying
    • Nicolaus M, Brodl J, Linke R, Woerle HJ, Goke B, Schirra J. Endogenous GLP-1 regulates postprandial glycemia in humans: relative contributions of insulin, glucagon, and gastric emptying. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(1):229-236.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 229-236
    • Nicolaus, M.1    Brodl, J.2    Linke, R.3    Woerle, H.J.4    Goke, B.5    Schirra, J.6
  • 43
    • 70350475695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential chemistry (structure), mechanism of action, and pharmacology of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors
    • Neumiller JJ. Differential chemistry (structure), mechanism of action, and pharmacology of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2009;49 Suppl 1:S16-S29.
    • (2009) J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). , vol.49 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Neumiller, J.J.1
  • 44
    • 65249174637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia acutely lowers the postprandial excursions of glucagon-like Peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in humans
    • Vollmer K, Gardiwal H, Menge BA, etal. Hyperglycemia acutely lowers the postprandial excursions of glucagon-like Peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(4):1379-1385.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 1379-1385
    • Vollmer, K.1    Gardiwal, H.2    Menge, B.A.3
  • 45
    • 33644618433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of incretin hormones
    • Drucker DJ. The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab. 2006;3(3): 153-165.
    • (2006) Cell Metab. , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 153-165
    • Drucker, D.J.1
  • 46
    • 0345374580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets
    • Farilla L, Bulotta A, Hirshberg B, etal. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits cell apoptosis and improves glucose responsiveness of freshly isolated human islets. Endocrinology. 2003;144(12):5149-5158.
    • (2003) Endocrinology. , vol.144 , Issue.12 , pp. 5149-5158
    • Farilla, L.1    Bulotta, A.2    Hirshberg, B.3
  • 47
    • 12244264206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of GLP-1in the life and death of pancreatic beta cells
    • Perfetti R, Hui H. The role of GLP-1in the life and death of pancreatic beta cells. Horm Metab Res. 2004;36(11-12):804-810.
    • (2004) Horm Metab Res. , vol.36 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 804-810
    • Perfetti, R.1    Hui, H.2
  • 48
    • 77956667868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Potential role of incretin-based therapies
    • Campbell RK, Cobble ME, Reid TS, Shomali ME. Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential role of incretin-based therapies. J Fam Pract. 2010;59(9 Suppl 1):S5-S9.
    • (2010) J Fam Pract. , vol.59 , Issue.9 SUPPL. 1
    • Campbell, R.K.1    Cobble, M.E.2    Reid, T.S.3    Shomali, M.E.4
  • 49
    • 66149108722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • Monami M, Marchionni N, Mannucci E. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160(6):909-917.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.160 , Issue.6 , pp. 909-917
    • Monami, M.1    Marchionni, N.2    Mannucci, E.3
  • 50
    • 60449089649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: A consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
    • Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, etal. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):193-203.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 193-203
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Buse, J.B.2    Davidson, M.B.3
  • 51
    • 84999850756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: Accessed October 26
    • McCulloch DK. Management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-persistent-hyperglycemia-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus?source=search_result&search=management+of+persistent+hyperglycemia+in+type+2+diabetes&selectedTitle=1%7E150. Accessed October 26, 2012.
    • (2012) Management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • McCulloch, D.K.1
  • 54
    • 84889256642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victoza® (liraglutide [rDNA origin] injection) [package insert]. Bagsvaerd
    • Victoza® (liraglutide [rDNA origin] injection) [package insert]. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Novo Nordisk A/S; 2012.
    • (2012) Denmark: Novo Nordisk A/S
  • 55
    • 77953106887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes comorbidities and treatment challenges: Rationale for DPP-4 inhibitors
    • Hollander PA, Kushner P. Type 2 diabetes comorbidities and treatment challenges: rationale for DPP-4 inhibitors. Postgrad Med. 2010;122(3): 71-80.
    • (2010) Postgrad Med. , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 71-80
    • Hollander, P.A.1    Kushner, P.2
  • 56
    • 77956230708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide suppresses postprandial elevations in lipids and lipoproteins in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Schwartz EA, Koska J, Mullin MP, Syoufi I, Schwenke DC, Reaven PD. Exenatide suppresses postprandial elevations in lipids and lipoproteins in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis. 2010;212(1): 217-222.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis. , vol.212 , Issue.1 , pp. 217-222
    • Schwartz, E.A.1    Koska, J.2    Mullin, M.P.3    Syoufi, I.4    Schwenke, D.C.5    Reaven, P.D.6
  • 57
    • 45549101449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes
    • Cervera A, Wajcberg E, Sriwijitkamol A, etal. Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294(5):E846-E852.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. , vol.294 , Issue.5
    • Cervera, A.1    Wajcberg, E.2    Sriwijitkamol, A.3
  • 58
    • 77950827693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Apovian CM, Bergenstal RM, Cuddihy RM, etal. Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Med. 2010;123(5):468. e9-e17.
    • (2010) Am J Med. , vol.123 , Issue.5
    • Apovian, C.M.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Cuddihy, R.M.3
  • 59
    • 51549095571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy over 24 weeks in antidiabetic drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
    • Moretto TJ, Milton DR, Ridge TD, etal. Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy over 24 weeks in antidiabetic drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2008;30(8):1448-1460.
    • (2008) Clin Ther. , vol.30 , Issue.8 , pp. 1448-1460
    • Moretto, T.J.1    Milton, D.R.2    Ridge, T.D.3
  • 60
    • 57949096314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea
    • Gao Y, Yoon KH, Chuang LM, etal. Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;83(1):69-76.
    • (2009) Diabetes Res Clin Pract. , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-76
    • Gao, Y.1    Yoon, K.H.2    Chuang, L.M.3
  • 61
    • 44349138135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the effect of exenatide and insulin glargine on postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Brodows RG, Qu Y, Johns D, Kim D, Holcombe JH. Quantifying the effect of exenatide and insulin glargine on postprandial glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(5): 1395-1397.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 1395-1397
    • Brodows, R.G.1    Qu, Y.2    Johns, D.3    Kim, D.4    Holcombe, J.H.5
  • 62
    • 77956231970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year treatment with exenatide vs insulin glargine: Effects on postprandial glycemia, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress
    • Bunck MC, Corner A, Eliasson B, etal. One-year treatment with exenatide vs insulin glargine: effects on postprandial glycemia, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis. 2010;212(1): 223-229.
    • (2010) Atherosclerosis. , vol.212 , Issue.1 , pp. 223-229
    • Bunck, M.C.1    Corner, A.2    Eliasson, B.3
  • 63
    • 44849089357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exenatide on 24-hour blood glucose profile compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 2-week study
    • Schwartz SL, Ratner RE, Kim DD, etal. Effect of exenatide on 24-hour blood glucose profile compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 2-week study. Clin Ther. 2008;30(5):858-867.
    • (2008) Clin Ther. , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 858-867
    • Schwartz, S.L.1    Ratner, R.E.2    Kim, D.D.3
  • 64
    • 79551615182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Buse JB, Bergenstal RM, Glass LC, etal. Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154(2):103-112.
    • (2011) Ann Intern Med. , vol.154 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-112
    • Buse, J.B.1    Bergenstal, R.M.2    Glass, L.C.3
  • 65
    • 53249142132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: A randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study
    • Drucker DJ, Buse JB, Taylor K, etal. Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study. Lancet. 2008;372(9645):1240-1250.
    • (2008) Lancet. , vol.372 , Issue.9645 , pp. 1240-1250
    • Drucker, D.J.1    Buse, J.B.2    Taylor, K.3
  • 66
    • 79955661908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DURATION-5: Exenatide once weekly resulted in greater improvements in glycemic control compared with exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Blevins T, Pullman J, Malloy J, etal. DURATION-5: exenatide once weekly resulted in greater improvements in glycemic control compared with exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(5):1301-1310.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. 1301-1310
    • Blevins, T.1    Pullman, J.2    Malloy, J.3
  • 67
    • 77953859640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): An open-label randomised trial
    • Diamant M, Van GL, Stranks S, etal. Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): an open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9733):2234-2243.
    • (2010) Lancet. , vol.375 , Issue.9733 , pp. 2234-2243
    • Diamant, M.1    Van, G.L.2    Stranks, S.3
  • 68
    • 77955573674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): A randomised trial
    • Bergenstal RM, Wysham C, MacConell L, etal. Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9739):431-439.
    • (2010) Lancet. , vol.376 , Issue.9739 , pp. 431-439
    • Bergenstal, R.M.1    Wysham, C.2    McConell, L.3
  • 69
    • 79958268386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly treatment maintained improvements in glycemic control and weight loss over 2 years
    • Taylor K, Gurney K, Han J, Pencek R, Walsh B, Trautmann M. Exenatide once weekly treatment maintained improvements in glycemic control and weight loss over 2 years. BMC Endocr Disord. 2011;11:9.
    • (2011) BMC Endocr Disord. , vol.11 , pp. 9
    • Taylor, K.1    Gurney, K.2    Han, J.3    Pencek, R.4    Walsh, B.5    Trautmann, M.6
  • 70
    • 79955960213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DURATION-2: Efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide
    • Wysham C, Bergenstal R, Malloy J, etal. DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide. Diabet Med. 2011;28(6):705-714.
    • (2011) Diabet Med. , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 705-714
    • Wysham, C.1    Bergenstal, R.2    Malloy, J.3
  • 71
    • 77954597934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical utility and patient perspectives
    • Edavalath M, Stephens JW. Liraglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical utility and patient perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2010;4:61-68.
    • (2010) Patient Prefer Adherence. , vol.4 , pp. 61-68
    • Edavalath, M.1    Stephens, J.W.2
  • 72
    • 79958094404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide improves postprandial glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients
    • Flint A, Kapitza C, Hindsberger C, Zdravkovic M. The once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide improves postprandial glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. Adv Ther. 2011;28(3):213-226.
    • (2011) Adv Ther. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-226
    • Flint, A.1    Kapitza, C.2    Hindsberger, C.3    Zdravkovic, M.4
  • 73
    • 47649094517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent improvement in glycemia with once-daily liraglutide without hypoglycemia or weight gain: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Seino Y, Rasmussen MF, Zdravkovic M, Kaku K. Dose-dependent improvement in glycemia with once-daily liraglutide without hypoglycemia or weight gain: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;81(2):161-168.
    • (2008) Diabetes Res Clin Pract. , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-168
    • Seino, Y.1    Rasmussen, M.F.2    Zdravkovic, M.3    Kaku, K.4
  • 74
    • 59449101432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): A randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial
    • Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, etal. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9662):473-481.
    • (2009) Lancet. , vol.373 , Issue.9662 , pp. 473-481
    • Garber, A.1    Henry, R.2    Ratner, R.3
  • 75
    • 77954360414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved glycaemic control with minimal hypoglycaemia and no weight change with the once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide as add-on to sulphonylurea in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Kaku K, Rasmussen MF, Clauson P, Seino Y. Improved glycaemic control with minimal hypoglycaemia and no weight change with the once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide as add-on to sulphonylurea in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12(4):341-347.
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-347
    • Kaku, K.1    Rasmussen, M.F.2    Clauson, P.3    Seino, Y.4
  • 76
    • 67649666737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: A 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)
    • Buse JB, Rosenstock J, Sesti G, etal. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet. 2009;374(9683):39-47.
    • (2009) Lancet. , vol.374 , Issue.9683 , pp. 39-47
    • Buse, J.B.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Sesti, G.3
  • 78
    • 77955847376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profile of lixisenatide: A new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Werner U, Haschke G, Herling AW, Kramer W. Pharmacological profile of lixisenatide: A new GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Regul Pept. 2010;164(2-3):58-64.
    • (2010) Regul Pept. , vol.164 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 58-64
    • Werner, U.1    Haschke, G.2    Herling, A.W.3    Kramer, W.4
  • 79
    • 77955887980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Ratner RE, Rosenstock J, Boka G. Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabet Med. 2010;27(9):1024-1032.
    • (2010) Diabet Med. , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1024-1032
    • Ratner, R.E.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Boka, G.3
  • 80
    • 84878592117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by established basal insulin: A 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison (GetGoal-L)
    • Riddle MC, Aronson R, Home P, etal. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by established basal insulin: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison (GetGoal-L). Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2489-2496.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care. , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2489-2496
    • Riddle, M.C.1    Aronson, R.2    Home, P.3
  • 81
    • 84885331631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (Getgoal-P)
    • Pinget M, Goldenberg R, Niemoeller E, Muehlen-Bartmer I, Guo H, Aronson R. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (Getgoal-P). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(11):1000-1007.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1000-1007
    • Pinget, M.1    Goldenberg, R.2    Niemoeller, E.3    Muehlen-Bartmer, I.4    Guo, H.5    Aronson, R.6
  • 82
    • 84878603672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: A 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1)
    • Riddle MC, Forst T, Aronson R, etal. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1). Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9): 2497-2503.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care. , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 2497-2503
    • Riddle, M.C.1    Forst, T.2    Aronson, R.3
  • 83
    • 84866545755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lixisenatide: Evidence for its potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Barnett AH. Lixisenatide: evidence for its potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Core Evid. 2011;6:67-79.
    • (2011) Core Evid. , vol.6 , pp. 67-79
    • Barnett, A.H.1
  • 84
    • 84861765116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in monotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (GetGoal-Mono)
    • Fonseca VA, Alvarado-Ruiz R, Raccah D, Boka G, Miossec P, Gerich JE. Efficacy and safety of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (GetGoal-Mono). Diabetes Care. 2012;35(6):1225-1231.
    • (2012) Diabetes Care. , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1225-1231
    • Fonseca, V.A.1    Alvarado-Ruiz, R.2    Raccah, D.3    Boka, G.4    Miossec, P.5    Gerich, J.E.6
  • 85
    • 84865979163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia)
    • Seino Y, Min KW, Niemoeller E, Takami A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(10):910-917.
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 910-917
    • Seino, Y.1    Min, K.W.2    Niemoeller, E.3    Takami, A.4
  • 86
    • 84871148091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled on sulfonylurea ± metformin (GetGoal-S)
    • Ratner R, Hanefeld M, Shamanna P, etal. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled on sulfonylurea ± metformin (GetGoal-S). Diabetologia. 2011;54:S317.
    • (2011) Diabetologia. , vol.54
    • Ratner, R.1    Hanefeld, M.2    Shamanna, P.3
  • 87
    • 84891642041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes
    • Horowitz M, Rayner CK, Jones KL. Mechanisms and clinical efficacy of lixisenatide for the management of type 2 diabetes. Adv Ther. 2013;30(2):81-101.
    • (2013) Adv Ther. , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-101
    • Horowitz, M.1    Rayner, C.K.2    Jones, K.L.3
  • 88
    • 57349168543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Matthews JE, Stewart MW, De Boever EH, etal. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(12):4810-4817.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.93 , Issue.12 , pp. 4810-4817
    • Matthews, J.E.1    Stewart, M.W.2    De Boever, E.H.3
  • 89
    • 70349664297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of albiglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial exploring weekly, biweekly, and monthly dosing
    • Rosenstock J, Reusch J, Bush M, Yang F, Stewart M. Potential of albiglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial exploring weekly, biweekly, and monthly dosing. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1880-1886.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 1880-1886
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Reusch, J.2    Bush, M.3    Yang, F.4    Stewart, M.5
  • 90
    • 0032982308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo dynamic distribution of 131I-glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in the rat studied by gamma camera
    • Hassan M, Eskilsson A, Nilsson C, etal. In vivo dynamic distribution of 131I-glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in the rat studied by gamma camera. Nucl Med Biol. 1999;26(4):413-420.
    • (1999) Nucl Med Biol. , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-420
    • Hassan, M.1    Eskilsson, A.2    Nilsson, C.3
  • 91
    • 0036198285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier
    • Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V, Pan W. Interactions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) with the blood-brain barrier. J Mol Neurosci. 2002;18(1-2):7-14.
    • (2002) J Mol Neurosci. , vol.18 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 7-14
    • Kastin, A.J.1    Akerstrom, V.2    Pan, W.3
  • 92
    • 0037349072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entry of exendin-4into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses
    • Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V. Entry of exendin-4into brain is rapid but may be limited at high doses. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27(3): 313-318.
    • (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-318
    • Kastin, A.J.1    Akerstrom, V.2
  • 93
    • 79955749452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetes drug liraglutide prevents degenerative processes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • McClean PL, Parthsarathy V, Faivre E, Holscher C. The diabetes drug liraglutide prevents degenerative processes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2011;31(17):6587-6594.
    • (2011) J Neurosci. , vol.31 , Issue.17 , pp. 6587-6594
    • McClean, P.L.1    Parthsarathy, V.2    Faivre, E.3    Holscher, C.4
  • 94
    • 4344667831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recombinant human glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-albumin protein (albugon) mimics peptidergic activation of GLP-1 receptor-dependent pathways coupled with satiety, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose homeostasis
    • Baggio LL, Huang Q, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. A recombinant human glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-albumin protein (albugon) mimics peptidergic activation of GLP-1 receptor-dependent pathways coupled with satiety, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose homeostasis. Diabetes. 2004;53(9):2492-2500.
    • (2004) Diabetes. , vol.53 , Issue.9 , pp. 2492-2500
    • Baggio, L.L.1    Huang, Q.2    Brown, T.J.3    Drucker, D.J.4
  • 95
    • 84874948102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide vs titrated prandial lispro added on to titrated basal insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on glargine plus oral agents: Similar glycemic control with weight loss and less hypoglycemia
    • Rosenstock J, Ahren B, Chow FC, etal. Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide vs titrated prandial lispro added on to titrated basal insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on glargine plus oral agents: similar glycemic control with weight loss and less hypoglycemia. Diabetes. 2012;61:A15.
    • (2012) Diabetes. , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Ahren, B.2    Chow, F.C.3
  • 96
    • 84874948857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of once-weekly (QW) albiglutide vs once-daily (QD) liraglutide in type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on oral agents: HARMONY 7 trial
    • Pratley RE, Barnett AH, Feinglos MN, etal. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly (QW) albiglutide vs once-daily (QD) liraglutide in type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on oral agents: HARMONY 7 trial. Diabetes. 2012;61 Suppl 1.
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Barnett, A.H.2    Feinglos, M.N.3
  • 98
    • 84863331401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1 based therapies: Differential effects on fasting and postprandial glucose
    • Fineman MS, Cirincione BB, Maggs D, Diamant M. GLP-1 based therapies: differential effects on fasting and postprandial glucose. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(8):675-688.
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 675-688
    • Fineman, M.S.1    Cirincione, B.B.2    Maggs, D.3    Diamant, M.4
  • 99
    • 84889242775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide QD morning and evening injections vs placebo in T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M)
    • December 4-8, 2011, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
    • Ahren A, Dimas L, Miossec P, etal. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide QD morning and evening injections vs placebo in T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M). World Diabetes Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, December 4-8, 2011, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2011.
    • (2011) World Diabetes Congress of the International Diabetes Federation
    • Ahren, A.1    Dimas, L.2    Miossec, P.3
  • 100
    • 84878863716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin
    • Kapitza C, Forst T, Coester HV, Poitiers F, Ruus P, Hincelin-Mery A. Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(7):642-649.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 642-649
    • Kapitza, C.1    Forst, T.2    Coester, H.V.3    Poitiers, F.4    Ruus, P.5    Hincelin-Mery, A.6
  • 101
    • 79959404178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid tachyphylaxis of the glucagon-like peptide 1-induced deceleration of gastric emptying in humans
    • Nauck MA, Kemmeries G, Holst JJ, Meier JJ. Rapid tachyphylaxis of the glucagon-like peptide 1-induced deceleration of gastric emptying in humans. Diabetes. 2011;60(5):1561-1565.
    • (2011) Diabetes. , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 1561-1565
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Kemmeries, G.2    Holst, J.J.3    Meier, J.J.4
  • 102
    • 75549091263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement by an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology consensus panel on type 2 diabetes mellitus: An algorithm for glycemic control
    • Rodbard HW, Jellinger PS, Davidson JA, etal. Statement by an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology consensus panel on type 2 diabetes mellitus: an algorithm for glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(6):540-559.
    • (2009) Endocr Pract. , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 540-559
    • Rodbard, H.W.1    Jellinger, P.S.2    Davidson, J.A.3
  • 104
    • 77954866977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of DPP-4inhibition with sitagliptin on incretin secretion and on fasting and postprandial glucose turnover in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
    • Bock G, Dalla Man C, Micheletto F, etal. The effect of DPP-4inhibition with sitagliptin on incretin secretion and on fasting and postprandial glucose turnover in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010;73(2):189-196.
    • (2010) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-196
    • Bock, G.1    Dalla Man, C.2    Micheletto, F.3
  • 108
    • 78851472527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of beta-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
    • Del Prato S, Barnett AH, Huisman H, Neubacher D, Woerle HJ, Dugi KA. Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of beta-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13(3):258-267.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-267
    • Del Prato, S.1    Barnett, A.H.2    Huisman, H.3    Neubacher, D.4    Woerle, H.J.5    Dugi, K.A.6
  • 109
    • 70349333861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of saxagliptin monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes
    • CV181-011 Study Investigators
    • Rosenstock J, Aguilar-Salinas C, Klein E, Nepal S, List J, Chen R; CV181-011 Study Investigators. Effect of saxagliptin monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(10):2401-2411.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 2401-2411
    • Rosenstock, J.1    Aguilar-Salinas, C.2    Klein, E.3    Nepal, S.4    List, J.5    Chen, R.6
  • 110
    • 38349126264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Nonaka K, Kakikawa T, Sato A, etal. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;79(2):291-298.
    • (2008) Diabetes Res Clin Pract. , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-298
    • Nonaka, K.1    Kakikawa, T.2    Sato, A.3
  • 111
    • 77953627761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Iwamoto Y, Taniguchi T, Nonaka K, etal. Dose-ranging efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr J. 2010;57(5):383-394.
    • (2010) Endocr J. , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 383-394
    • Iwamoto, Y.1    Taniguchi, T.2    Nonaka, K.3
  • 112
    • 78649691630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Taskinen MR, Rosenstock J, Tamminen I, etal. Safety and efficacy of linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13(1):65-74.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-74
    • Taskinen, M.R.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Tamminen, I.3
  • 113
    • 69549135336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone
    • Defronzo RA, Hissa MN, Garber AJ, etal. The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1649-1655.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care. , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 1649-1655
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Hissa, M.N.2    Garber, A.J.3
  • 114
    • 77956747341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin
    • Stenlof K, Raz I, Neutel J, Ravichandran S, Berglind N, Chen R. Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(10):2355-2363.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 2355-2363
    • Stenlof, K.1    Raz, I.2    Neutel, J.3    Ravichandran, S.4    Berglind, N.5    Chen, R.6
  • 115
    • 79959211974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin in combination with submaximal sulphonylurea versus up-titrated sulphonylurea over 76 weeks
    • Chacra AR, Tan GH, Ravichandran S, List J, Chen R. Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin in combination with submaximal sulphonylurea versus up-titrated sulphonylurea over 76 weeks. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2011;8(2):150-159.
    • (2011) Diab Vasc Dis Res. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 150-159
    • Chacra, A.R.1    Tan, G.H.2    Ravichandran, S.3    List, J.4    Chen, R.5
  • 116
    • 68949212458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin added to a submaximal dose of sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control compared with uptitration of sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
    • Chacra AR, Tan GH, Apanovitch A, Ravichandran S, List J, Chen R. Saxagliptin added to a submaximal dose of sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control compared with uptitration of sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(9):1395-1406.
    • (2009) Int J Clin Pract. , vol.63 , Issue.9 , pp. 1395-1406
    • Chacra, A.R.1    Tan, G.H.2    Apanovitch, A.3    Ravichandran, S.4    List, J.5    Chen, R.6
  • 117
    • 84859731126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin
    • Barnett AH, Charbonnel B, Donovan M, Fleming D, Chen R. Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(4):513-523.
    • (2012) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 513-523
    • Barnett, A.H.1    Charbonnel, B.2    Donovan, M.3    Fleming, D.4    Chen, R.5
  • 119
    • 73349119110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Vilsboll T, Rosenstock J, Yki-Jarvinen H, etal. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12(2):167-177.
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-177
    • Vilsboll, T.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Yki-Jarvinen, H.3
  • 121
    • 79953038214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the impact of FDA's guidelines for addressing cardiovascular risk of drugs for type 2 diabetes on clinical development
    • Viereck C, Boudes P. An analysis of the impact of FDA's guidelines for addressing cardiovascular risk of drugs for type 2 diabetes on clinical development. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011;32(3):324-332.
    • (2011) Contemp Clin Trials. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 324-332
    • Viereck, C.1    Boudes, P.2
  • 122
    • 77953055922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in prandial glucagon levels after a 2-year treatment with vildagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy
    • Ahrén B, Foley JE, Ferrannini E, etal. Changes in prandial glucagon levels after a 2-year treatment with vildagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):730-732.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care. , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 730-732
    • Ahrén, B.1    Foley, J.E.2    Ferrannini, E.3
  • 123
    • 77955020170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients
    • Derosa G, Maffioli P, Ferrari I, etal. Effects of one year treatment of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res. 2010;42(9):663-669.
    • (2010) Horm Metab Res. , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 663-669
    • Derosa, G.1    Maffioli, P.2    Ferrari, I.3
  • 124
    • 54249106294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a sulphonylurea
    • Garber AJ, Foley JE, Banerji MA, etal. Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with a sulphonylurea. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008;10(11):1047-1056.
    • (2008) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 1047-1056
    • Garber, A.J.1    Foley, J.E.2    Banerji, M.A.3
  • 125
    • 85023748523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vildagliptin combined with insulin reduces HbA1c without increasing risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • June 8-12, Philadelphia, PA, 2012
    • Lukashevich V, Kozlovski P, Foley J, Kothny W. Vildagliptin combined with insulin reduces HbA1c without increasing risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abstract presented at the American Diabetes Association 72nd Scientific Sessions, June 8-12, 2012, Philadelphia, PA, 2012.
    • (2012) Abstract presented at the American Diabetes Association 72nd Scientific Sessions
    • Lukashevich, V.1    Kozlovski, P.2    Foley, J.3    Kothny, W.4
  • 126
    • 41649083174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor alogliptin: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in adult patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Covington P, Christopher R, Davenport M, etal. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitor alogliptin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 2008;30(3):499-512.
    • (2008) Clin Ther. , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 499-512
    • Covington, P.1    Christopher, R.2    Davenport, M.3
  • 127
    • 80051713709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging comparison with placebo, followed by a long-term extension study
    • Seino Y, Fujita T, Hiroi S, Hirayama M, Kaku K. Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging comparison with placebo, followed by a long-term extension study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(9): 1781-1792.
    • (2011) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1781-1792
    • Seino, Y.1    Fujita, T.2    Hiroi, S.3    Hirayama, M.4    Kaku, K.5
  • 128
    • 77950122844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dutogliptin, a selective DPP4 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial
    • Pattzi HM, Pitale S, Alpizar M, etal. Dutogliptin, a selective DPP4 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010;12(4):348-355.
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 348-355
    • Pattzi, H.M.1    Pitale, S.2    Alpizar, M.3
  • 129
    • 82155192702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacologic basis for clinical differences among GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4inhibitors
    • Morales J. The pharmacologic basis for clinical differences among GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4inhibitors. Postgrad Med. 2011;123(6):189-201.
    • (2011) Postgrad Med. , vol.123 , Issue.6 , pp. 189-201
    • Morales, J.1
  • 130
    • 55549136417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: A randomized, cross-over study
    • Defronzo RA, Okerson T, Viswanathan P, Guan X, Holcombe JH, MacConell L. Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: a randomized, cross-over study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(10):2943-2952.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.24 , Issue.10 , pp. 2943-2952
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Okerson, T.2    Viswanathan, P.3    Guan, X.4    Holcombe, J.H.5    McConell, L.6
  • 131
    • 60849139443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1 agonist-based therapies: An emerging new class of antidiabetic drug with potential cardioprotective effects
    • Sulistio M, Carothers C, Mangat M, Lujan M, Oliveros R, Chilton R. GLP-1 agonist-based therapies: an emerging new class of antidiabetic drug with potential cardioprotective effects. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2009;11(2):93-99.
    • (2009) Curr Atheroscler Rep. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-99
    • Sulistio, M.1    Carothers, C.2    Mangat, M.3    Lujan, M.4    Oliveros, R.5    Chilton, R.6
  • 132
    • 84871710499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide twice daily: Analysis of effectiveness and safety data stratified by age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, and body mass index
    • Pencek R, Blickensderfer A, Li Y, Brunell S, Anderson P. Exenatide twice daily: analysis of effectiveness and safety data stratified by age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, and body mass index. Postgrad Med. 2012;124(4):21-32.
    • (2012) Postgrad Med. , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 21-32
    • Pencek, R.1    Blickensderfer, A.2    Li, Y.3    Brunell, S.4    Anderson, P.5
  • 133
    • 84871697848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide once weekly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clinical results in subgroups of patients using different concomitant medications
    • Pencek R, Brunell S, Li Y, Hoogwerf BJ, Malone J. Exenatide once weekly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical results in subgroups of patients using different concomitant medications. Postgrad Med. 2012;124(4):33-40.
    • (2012) Postgrad Med. , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 33-40
    • Pencek, R.1    Brunell, S.2    Li, Y.3    Hoogwerf, B.J.4    Malone, J.5
  • 134
    • 84871684855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Cardiovascular safety
    • Green JB. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular safety. Postgrad Med. 2012;124(4):54-61.
    • (2012) Postgrad Med. , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 54-61
    • Green, J.B.1
  • 135
    • 72249116214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Aailable from: Accessed October 26, 2012
    • US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Guidance for industry: diabetes mellitus-evaluating cardiovascular risk in new antidiabetic therapies to treat type 2 diabetes. Aailable from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/%20Guidances/UCM071627.pdf. Accessed October 26, 2012.
    • Guidance for industry: Diabetes mellitus-evaluating cardiovascular risk in new antidiabetic therapies to treat type 2 diabetes
  • 136
    • 42949089442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide and rare adverse events
    • Ahmad SR, Swann J. Exenatide and rare adverse events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(18):1970-1971.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med. , vol.358 , Issue.18 , pp. 1970-1971
    • Ahmad, S.R.1    Swann, J.2
  • 137
    • 77952692112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitagliptin: Review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis
    • Engel SS, Williams-Herman DE, Golm GT, etal. Sitagliptin: review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(7):984-990.
    • (2010) Int J Clin Pract. , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 984-990
    • Engel, S.S.1    Williams-Herman, D.E.2    Golm, G.T.3
  • 138
    • 79959559653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies
    • Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, Elashoff R, Butler PC. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(1):150-156.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology. , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-156
    • Elashoff, M.1    Matveyenko, A.V.2    Gier, B.3    Elashoff, R.4    Butler, P.C.5
  • 140
    • 67649304917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a claims-based active drug safety surveillance system to assess the risk of acute pancreatitis with exenatide or sitagliptin compared to metformin or glyburide
    • Dore DD, Seeger JD, Arnold CK. Use of a claims-based active drug safety surveillance system to assess the risk of acute pancreatitis with exenatide or sitagliptin compared to metformin or glyburide. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(4):1019-1027.
    • (2009) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 1019-1027
    • Dore, D.D.1    Seeger, J.D.2    Arnold, C.K.3
  • 141
    • 79951704452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide or sitagliptin: A retrospective observational pharmacy claims analysis
    • Garg R, Chen W, Pendergrass M. Acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide or sitagliptin: a retrospective observational pharmacy claims analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(11):2349-2354.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care. , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2349-2354
    • Garg, R.1    Chen, W.2    Pendergrass, M.3
  • 142
    • 75149182370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GLP-1-based therapy for diabetes: What you do not know can hurt you
    • Butler PC, Dry S, Elashoff R. GLP-1-based therapy for diabetes: what you do not know can hurt you. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):453-455.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care. , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 453-455
    • Butler, P.C.1    Dry, S.2    Elashoff, R.3
  • 143
    • 79954508355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Barzilai N, Guo H, Mahoney EM, etal. Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27(5):1049-1058.
    • (2011) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 1049-1058
    • Barzilai, N.1    Guo, H.2    Mahoney, E.M.3
  • 144
    • 84863230449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
    • Pan CY, Yang W, Tou C, Gause-Nilsson I, Zhao J. Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(3):268-275.
    • (2012) Diabetes Metab Res Rev. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 268-275
    • Pan, C.Y.1    Yang, W.2    Tou, C.3    Gause-Nilsson, I.4    Zhao, J.5
  • 145
    • 79955022470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oral DPP-4inhibitor linagliptin significantly lowers HbA1c after 4 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Forst T, Uhlig-Laske B, Ring A, Ritzhaupt A, Graefe-Mody U, Dugi KA. The oral DPP-4inhibitor linagliptin significantly lowers HbA1c after 4 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13(6):542-550.
    • (2011) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 542-550
    • Forst, T.1    Uhlig-Laske, B.2    Ring, A.3    Ritzhaupt, A.4    Graefe-Mody, U.5    Dugi, K.A.6
  • 146
    • 77949387699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin or glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: A 2-year study
    • Seck T, Nauck M, Sheng D, etal. Safety and efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin or glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 2-year study. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(5): 562-576.
    • (2010) Int J Clin Pract. , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 562-576
    • Seck, T.1    Nauck, M.2    Sheng, D.3
  • 147
    • 77956747341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin
    • Stenlof K, Raz I, Neutel J, Ravichandran S, Berglind N, Chen R. Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(10):2355-2363.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin. , vol.26 , Issue.10 , pp. 2355-2363
    • Stenlof, K.1    Raz, I.2    Neutel, J.3    Ravichandran, S.4    Berglind, N.5    Chen, R.6
  • 148
    • 84858006384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding saxagliptin to extended-release metformin vs uptitrating metformin dosage
    • Fonseca V, Zhu T, Karyekar C, Hirshberg B. Adding saxagliptin to extended-release metformin vs uptitrating metformin dosage. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(4):365-371.
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 365-371
    • Fonseca, V.1    Zhu, T.2    Karyekar, C.3    Hirshberg, B.4
  • 149
    • 58149330590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy
    • Ferrannini E, Fonseca V, Zinman B, etal. Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2009;11(2):157-166.
    • (2009) Diabetes Obes Metab. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-166
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Fonseca, V.2    Zinman, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.