Millimeter-wave frequency radio over fiber systems: A survey

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1593-1619

  Beas, Joaquin ^a   Castanon, Gerardo ^a   Aldaya, Ivan ^a   Aragon Zavala, Alejandro ^a   Campuzano, Gabriel ^a  

^a SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Broadband wireless; Hybrid fiber wireless networks; Millimeter wave frequency; Radio over fiber

Indexed keywords

BROADBAND WIRELESS; FIBER-WIRELESS NETWORKS; MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES; MILLIMETER-WAVE (MM-WAVE); OPTICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; RADIO OVER FIBER SYSTEM; RADIO OVER FIBER TECHNOLOGIES (ROF); TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITY;

FIBERS; MILLIMETER WAVES; MULTIMEDIA SERVICES; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; OPTICAL FIBERS; TECHNOLOGY;

RADIO-OVER-FIBER;

EID: 84888335282     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1553877X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/SURV.2013.013013.00135     Document Type: Review

References (217)

1. IEEE 802.15, "Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN))." http://www.ieee802.org/15/.
2. IEEE 802.16, "Standard for Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WiMax)." http://ieee802.org/16/.
3. ITU-R M.1645, "Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond IMT-2000.." http://www.itu.int/ ITU-R.
4. P. Cochrane, "The Future Symbiosis of Optical Fiber and Microwave Radio Systems," in 19th European Microwave Conference, pp. 72-86, September 1989. (Pubitemid 23591539)
5. A. Cooper, "Fibre/radio for the Provision of Cordless/Mobile Telephony Services in the Access Network," Electronics Letter, vol. 26, pp. 2054-2056, November 1990.
6. H. Ogawa, D. Polifko, and S. Banba, "Millimeter-Wave Fiber Optics Systems for Personal Radio Communication," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 40, pp. 2285-2293, December 1992.
7. H. Schmuck, R. Heidemann, and R. Hofstetter, "Distribution of 60 GHz Signals to more Than 1000 Base Stations," Electronics Letter, vol. 6, pp. 59-60, January 1994.
8. C. Lim, A. Nirmalathas, M. Bakaul, P. Gamage, K.-L. Lee, Y. Yang, D. Novak, and R. Waterhouse, "Fiber-Wireless Networks and Subsystem Technologies," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 390-405, February 2010.
9. S. Sarkar, S. Dixit, and B. Mukherjee, "Hybrid Wireless-Optical Broadband-Access Network (WOBAN): A Review of Relevant Challenges," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 25, pp. 3329-3340, November 2007. (Pubitemid 350268530)
10. WPAN IEEE 802.15, "Task Group 3c (TG3c) Millimeter Wave Alternative PHY." http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG3c.html.
11. A. Aragon-Zavala, G. Castanon, and J. Beas, "Radio-over-Fiber Systems for Wireless Communications," Bentham Science Publishers Journal. Recent Patents on Electrical Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 114-124, May 2011.
12. A. Olver, "Potential and Applications of Millimetre-wave Radar," in IEE Colloquium on Millimetre-Wave Radar, pp. 1-4, May 1990.
13. M. Mohamed, B. Hraimel, X. Zhang, M. N. Sakib, and K. Wu, "Frequency Quadrupler for Millimeter-Wave Multiband OFDM Ultrawideband Wireless Signals and Distribution Over Fiber Systems," IEEE/OSA J. Optical Commun. Netw., vol. 1, pp. 428-438, October 2009.
14. R. Sambaraju, J. Herrera, J. Marti, D. Zibar, A. Caballero, J. B. Jensen, Idelfonso, and T. Monroy, "Up to 40 Gb/s Wireless Signal Generation and Demodulation in 75-110 GHz Band using Photonic Techniques," in IEEE Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), pp. 1-4, October 2010.
15. A. Hirata, H. Takahashi, R. Yamaguchi, T. Kosugi, K. Murata, T. Nagatsuma, N. Kukutsu, and Y. Kado, "Transmission Characteristics of 120-GHz-Band Wireless Link Using Radio-on-Fiber Technologies," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, pp. 2338-2344, August 2008.
16. H.-J. Song, K. Ajito, A. Hirata, A. Wakatsuki, Y. Muramoto, T. Furuta, N. Kukutsu, T. Nagatsuma, and Y. Kado, "8 Gbit/s Wireless Data Transmission at 250 GHz," Electronics Letters, vol. 45, pp. 1121-1122, October 2009.
17. S. Koenig, J. Antes, D. Lopez-Diaz, I. Kallfass, T. Zwick, C. Koos, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, "High-Speed Wireless Bridge at 220 GHz Connecting Two Fiber-Optic Links Each Spanning up to 20 Km," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), pp. 1-3, March 2012.
18. F. Giannetti, M. Luise, and R. Reggiannini, "Mobile and Personal Communications in the 60 GHz Band: A Survey," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 10, p. 207243, October 1999.
19. F. J. Velez, L. M. Correira, and J. M. Brazio, "Frequency Reuse and System Capacity in Mobile Broadband Systems: Comparison between the 40 and 60 GHz Bands," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 19, p. 124, October 2001.
20. S. K. Yong and C.-C. Chong, "An Overview of Multigigabit Wireless through Millimeter Wave Technology: Potentials and Technical Challenges," in EURASIP J. Wireless Communications and Networking, pp. 1-10, May 2007.
21. R. C. Daniels and J. Robert W. Heath, "60 GHz Wireless Communications: Emerging Requirements and Design Recomendations," IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag., vol. X, pp. 41-50, September 2007. (Pubitemid 351337352)
22. A. Stohr, S. Babiel, P. J. Cannard, B. Charbonnier, F. van Dijk, S. Fedderwitz, D. Moodie, L. Pavlovic, L. Ponnampalam, C. C. Renaud, D. Rogers, V. Rymanov, A. Seeds, A. G. Steffan, A. Umbach, and M. Wei, "Millimeter-Wave Photonic Components for Broadband Wireless Systems," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, pp. 3071-3082, November 2010.
23. A. Ngoma, C.-T. Lin, L.-Y. W. He, W.-J. Jiang, F. Annunziata, J. J. Chen, P.-T. Shih, J. George, , and S. Chi, "31 Gbps RoF System Employing Adaptive Bit-Loading OFDM Modulation at 60 GHz," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), pp. 1-3, March 2011.
24. C. H. Lee, Microwave Photonics. Taylor and Francis Group, 2007.
25. A. J. Seeds and K. J. Williams, "Microwave Photonics," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 4628-4641, December 2006. (Pubitemid 46350928)
26. Z. Jia, J. Yu, G. Ellinas, and G.-K. Chang, "Key Enabling Technologies for Optical Wireless Networks: Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation, Wavelength Reuse, and Architecture," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 25, pp. 3452-3470, November 2007.
27. J. Yao, "Microwave Photonics," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 314-335, February 2009.
28. T. Chattopadhyay, "A Millimeter-wave Radio-over-fiber System for Overcoming Fiber Dispersion-induced Signal Cancellation Effect," Optoelectronics Letters, vol. 8, pp. 293-296, July 2012.
29. N. Pleros, K. Vyrsokinos, K. Tsagkaris, and N. D. Tselikas, "A 60 GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Network Architecture for Seamless Communication With High Mobility," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 1957-1967, June 2009.
30. P. Baldi, L. D. Nardis, and M.-G. D. Benedetto, "Modeling and Optimization of UWB Communication Networks Through a Flexible Cost Function," J. Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, pp. 1733-1744, December 2002.
31. H. M. Sigurdsson, S. E. Thorsteinsson, and T. K. Stidsen, "Cost Optimization Methods in the Design of Next Generation Networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 42, pp. 118-122, September 2004.
32. K.-I. Kitayama, A. Stohr, T. Kuri, R. Heinzelmann, D. J'ger, and Y. Takahashi, "An Approach to Single Optical Component Antenna Base Stations for Broad-Band Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Access Systems," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 48, pp. 2588-2595, December 2000. (Pubitemid 32873497)
33. A. Olver, "Millimetrewave Systems-Past, Present and Future," IEE Proc., vol. 136, pp. 35-52, February 1989.
34. T. Teshirogi and T. Yoneyama, Modern Millimeter-wave Technologies. Ohmsha, Ltd., 2001.
35. G. Castanon, G. Campuzano, and O. Tonguz, "High Reliability and Availability in Radio over Fiber Networks," OSA J.f Optical Networking, vol. 7, pp. 603-616, May 2008.
36. M. S. Rahman, J. H. Lee, Y. Park, and K.-D. Kim, "Radio over Fiber as a Cost Effective Technology for Transmission of WiMAX Signals," in World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, pp. 424-428, April 2009.
37. C. A. Gizelis and D. D. Vergados, "A Survey of Pricing Schemes in Wireless Networks," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials, vol. 13, pp. 126-145, 1st Quarter 2011.
38. R. Braun, "Tutorial: Fibre Radio Systems, Applications and Devices," in 24th European Conference on Optical Communication., pp. 87-119, September 1998.
39. H. Ito, S. Kodama, Y. Muramoto, T. Furuta, T. Nagatsuma, and T. Ishibashi, "High-Speed and High-Output InP-InGaAs Unitraveling-Carrier Photodiodes," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 10, pp. 709-727, August 2004.
40. T. Kuri, H. Toda, J. J. V. Olmos, and K. ichi Kitayama, "Reconfigurable Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-over-Fiber Access System Technologies," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2247-2257, August 2010.
41. I. G. Insua, D. Plettemeier, and C. G. Schaffer, "Simple Remote Heterodyne Radio Over Fiber System for Gbps Wireless Access," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 1-1, February 2010.
42. H. Ito, T. Ohno, H. Fishimi, T. Furuta, S. Kodama, and T. Ishibashi, "60 GHz high output power uni-travelling carrier photodiodes with integrated bias circuit," Electronics Letter, vol. 36, pp. 747-748, April 2000. (Pubitemid 30593952)
43. J. Cliche, M. Allard, and M. Tetu, "Ultra-Narrow Linewidth and High Frequency Stability Laser Sources," in Coherent Optical Technologies and Applications (COTA), pp. 1-3, June 2006.
44. M. Chelouche and A. Plattner, "Mobile Broadband System (MBS): Trends and Impact on 60 GHz Band MMIC Development," Electronics and Communication Engineering J., vol. 5, pp. 187-197, June 1993. (Pubitemid 23696068)
45. R. Hassun, M. Flaherty, R. Matreci, and M. Taylor, "Efffective Evaluation of Link Quality Using Error Vector Magnitude Techniques," in Proc. Wireless Communications Conference, pp. 89-94, August 1997.
46. P.-T. Shih, C.-T. Lin, H.-S. Huang, W.-J. Jiang, J. Chen, A. Ng'oma, M. Sauer, and S. Chi, "13.75-Gb/s OFDM Signal Generation for 60-GHz RoF System within 7-GHz License-Free Band via Frequency Sextupling," in 35th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), pp. 1-2, September 2009.
47. S. Ghafoor and L. Hanzo, "Sub-Carrier-Multiplexed Duplex 64-QAM Radio-over-Fiber Transmission for Distributed Antennas," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1368-1371, December 2011.
48. R. Yuen and X. N. Fernando, "Analysis of Sub-Carrier Multiplexed Radio Over Fiber Link for the Simultaneous Support of WLAN and WCDMA Systems," Wireless Personal Communications Journal, Special Issue on Advances on Wireless LAN's and PANs, vol. 33, pp. 1-20, April 2005. (Pubitemid 40914362)
49. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics. London: Academic Press, 2001.
50. Z. Li, A. Nirmalathas, M. Bakaul, L. Cheng, Y. J. Wen, and C. Lu, "Application of Distributed Raman Amplifier for the Performance Improvement of WDM Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Network," in The 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2005. LEOS 2005, pp. 579-580, October 2005. (Pubitemid 44802374)
51. V. Kamra and M. Kumar, "Power Penalty in Multitone Radio-over-Fibre System Employing Direct and External Modulation With Optical Amplifiers," Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 34, pp. 44-48, January 2011.
52. C. H. Kim, "Impact of Various Noises on Maximum Reach in Broadband Light Source Based High-Capacity WDM Passive Optical Networks," Optics Express, vol. 18, pp. 1-6, April 2010.
53. W.-P. Lin, "A Robust Fiber-Radio Architecture for Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Ring-Access Networks," J. Ligthwave Technology, vol. 23, pp. 2610-2620, September 2005. (Pubitemid 41448684)
54. T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, and F. Gutierrez, "State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, pp. 1390-1436, August 2011.
55. D. Wake, A. Nkansah, and N. J. Gomes, "Radio Over Fiber Link Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2456-2464, August 2010.
56. H. Xu, V. Kukshya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of 60-GHz Indoor Channels," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 20, pp. 620-630, April 2002. (Pubitemid 34554902)
57. A. Maltsev, R. Maslennikov, A. Sevastyanov, A. Khoryaev, and A. Lomayev, "Experimental Investigations of 60 GHz WLAN Systems in Office Environment," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 27, pp. 1488-1499, October 2009.
58. K. ichi Kitayama, "Architectural Considerations of Radio-on-Fiber Millimeter-wave Wireless Access Systems," in URSI International Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics, pp. 378-383, September/ October 1998.
59. T. Nakasyotani, H. Toda, T. Kuri, and K. Kitayama, "Wavelength- Division-Multiplexed Millimeter-Waveband Radio-on-Fiber System Using a Supercontinuum Light Source," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 404-410, January 2006. (Pubitemid 46489145)
60. H.-S. Kim, T. T. Pham, Y.-Y. Won, and S.-K. Han, "Bidirectional WDM-RoF Transmission for Wired and Wireless Signals," in Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP), pp. 1-12, November 2009.
61. J. Li, K. Xu, J. Wu, and J. Lin, "A Simple Configuration for WDM Full-Duplex Radio-Over-Fiber Systems," in 33rd European Conference and Ehxibition of Optical Communication, pp. 1-2, December 2007.
62. H. Toda, T. Nakasyotani, T. Kurit, and K. ichi Kitayama, "WDM mm-wave-band Radio-on-Fiber System Using Single Supercontinuum Light Source in Cooperation With Photonic Up-conversion," in IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 161-164, October 2004. (Pubitemid 40930115)
63. C. Lim, A. Nirmalathas, M. Attygalle, D. Novak, and R. Waterhouse, "On the Merging of Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Backbone With 25-GHz WDM Ring Networks," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 2203-2210, October 2003.
64. G.-K. Chang, A. Chowdhury, Z. Jia, H.-C. Chien, M.-F. Huang, J. Yu, and G. Ellinas, "Key Technologies of WDM-PON for Future Converged Optical Broadband Access Networks," J. Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 1, pp. C35-C50, September 2009.
65. X. Qian, P. Hartmann, S. Li, R. V. Penty, and I. H. White, "Application of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in Scalable Switched Radioover-Fiber Networks," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 317-320, October 2005. (Pubitemid 46287037)
66. D. Wake, K. Beacham, N. House, L. Barn, and N. Market, "A Novel Switched Radio over Fiber Architecture for Distributed Antenna Systems," in The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, pp. 55-56, November 2004. (Pubitemid 40285908)
67. M. Bakaul, A. Nirmalathas, M. C. Lim, D. Novak, and R. Waterhouse, "Experimental Characterization of Single and Cascaded WDM Optical Interfaces in a mm-Wave Fiber-Radio Network," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 18, pp. 115-117, January 2006. (Pubitemid 46542510)
68. C.-H. Ho, R. Sambaraju, W.-J. Jiang, T.-H. Lu, C.-Y. Wang, H. Yang, W.-Y. Lee, C.-T. Lin, C.-C. Wei, S. Chi, and A. Ngoma, "50-Gb/s Radio-over-Fiber System Employing MIMO and OFDM Modulation at 60 GHz," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2012.
69. S. L. Woodward, X. Lu, T. E. Darcie, and G. E. Bodeep, "Reduction of Optical-Beat Interfere in Subcarrier Networks," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 8, pp. 694-696, May 2000.
70. S. Soerensen, "Optical Beat Noise Suppression and Power Equalization in Subcarrier Multiple Access Passive Optical Networks by Downstream Feedback," IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 18, pp. 1337-1347, October 2000. (Pubitemid 32069713)
71. A. Hekkala, M. Lasanen, I. Harjula, L. C. Vieira, N. J. Gomes, A. Nkansah, S. Bittner, F. Diehm, and V. Kotzsch, "Analysis of and Compensation for Non-ideal RoF Links in DAS," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 17, pp. 52-59, June 2010.
72. C.-T. Lin, A. Ngoma, W.-Y. Lee, C.-Y. Wang, T.-H. Lu, W.-J. Jiang, C.-H. Ho, C.-C. Wei, J. Chen, and S. Chi, "MIMO-Enhanced Radio-over-Fiber System at 60 GHz," in 37th European Conference on Optical Communication. ECOC '09., pp. 1-3, September 2011.
73. L. Tao, Z. Dong, J. Yu, N. Chi, J. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Shao, and G.-K. Chang, "Experimental Demonstration of 48-Gb/s PDM-QPSK Radio-Over-Fiber System Over 40-GHz mm-Wave MIMO Wireless Transmission," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 24, pp. 2276-2279, December 2012.
74. A. Goldsmith, S. A. Jafar, N. Jindal, and S. Vishwanath, "Capacity Limits of MIMO Channels," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 21, pp. 684-702, June 2003.
75. J. Baliga, R. Ayre, W. V. Sorin, K. Hinton, and R. S. Tucker, "Energy Consumption in Access Networks," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC)., pp. 1-3, February 2008.
76. J. Baliga, R. Ayre, K. Hinton, W. V. Sorin, and R. S. Tucker, "Energy Consumption in Optical IP Networks," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 2391-2403, July 2009.
77. D. C. Kilper, G. Atkinson, S. K. Korotky, S. Goyal, P. Vetter, D. Suvakovic, and O. Blume, "Power Trends in Communication Networks," IEEE J. Se. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 17, pp. 275-284, March/April 2011.
78. K. Hinton, J. Baliga, M. Feng, R. Ayre, and R. S. Tucker, "Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency in the Internet," in IEEE Network, pp. 6-12, March/April 2011.
79. A. E. Oualkadi, Trends and Challenges in CMOS Design for Emerging 60 GHz WPAN Applications. InTech., 2011.
80. M. Bohr, "The New Era of Scaling in an SoC World," in IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference-Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 23-28, February 2009.
81. L. Huawei Technologies CO., "Improving energy efficiency, Lower CO2 emission and TCO," in Whitepaper, Huawei energy efficiency solution, pp. 1-13, October 2009.
82. Y. Yang, C. Lim, and A. Nirmalathas, "Comparison of Energy Consumption of Integrated Optical-Wireless Access Networks," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2011.
83. Y. Yang, C. Lim, and A. Nirmalathas, "Digitized RF-over-fiber technique as an efficient solution for wideband wireless OFDM delivery," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2012.
84. M. Chu, P. Jacob, J.-W. Kim, M. R. LeRoy, R. P. Kraft, and J. F. McDonald, "A 40 Gs/s Time Interleaved ADC Using SiGe BiCMOS Technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, pp. 380-390, February 2010.
85. C. H. Doan, S. Emami, A. M. Niknejad, and R. W. Brodersen, "Millimeter-Wave CMOS Design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, pp. 144-155, February 2005.
86. T. Chen, Y. Yang, H. Zhang, H. Kim, and K. Horneman, "Network Energy Saving Technologies for Green Wireless Access Networks," in IEEE Wireless Commun., pp. 30-38, October 2011.
87. G. Schmitt, "The Green Base Station," in 4th International Conference on Telecommunication-Energy Special Conference (TELESCON), pp. 1-6, May 2009.
88. C. Raghavendra, V. P. Kumar, and S. Hafuri, "Reliability Analysis in Distributed Systems," IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 37, pp. 353-358, March 1988.
89. M.-J. Li, M. J. Soulliere, D. J. Tebben, L. Nederlof, M. D. Vaughn, and R. E. Wagner, "Transparent Optical Protection Ring Architectures and Applications," J. Ligthwave Technology, vol. 23, pp. 3388-3403, October 2005. (Pubitemid 41656195)
90. S. H. Hersey and M. J. Soulliere, "Architectures and Applications of SONET in a Self-Healing Network," in International Conference on Communications, pp. 1418-1424, June 1991.
91. Y. Joo, G. Lee, R. Kim, S. Park, K. Song, J. Koh, S. Hwang, Y. Oh, and C. Shim, "1-Fiber WDM Self-Healing Ring With Bidirectional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers," IEEE Photonics Techno. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 683-685, February 2004.
92. X. Sun, C.-K. Chan, Z. Wang, C. Lin, and L.-K. Chen, "A Single-Fiber Bi-Directional WDM Self-Healing Ring Network with Bi-Directional OADM for Metro-Access Applications," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 25, pp. 18-24, April 2007. (Pubitemid 46808566)
93. R. P. Braun and G. Grosskopf, "Optical Millimeter-wave Systems for Broadband Mobile Communications, Devices and Techniques," in International Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications. Accessing, Transmission, Networking. Proceedings, pp. 51-58, June 1998.
94. N. Mohamed, S. Idrus, and A. Mohammad, "Review on System Architectures for the Millimeter-wave Generation Techniques for RoF Communication Link," in IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM) ., pp. 326-330, December 2008.
95. Y. Zhang, "Development of Millimeter-Wave Radio-over-Fiber Technology," J. Electronic Science and Technology, vol. 9, pp. 58-66, March 2011.
96. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2002.
97. J. Carroll, J. Whiteaway, and D. Plumb, Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers. IET, 1998.
98. Y. Matsui, H. Murai, S. Arahira, S. Kutsuzawa, and Y. Ogawa, "30-GHz Bandwidth 1.55-?m Strain-Compensated InGaAlAs-InGaAsP MQW Laser," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 25-27, January 1997. (Pubitemid 127626297)
99. L. Bach, W. Kaiser, J. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, T. Berg, and B. Tromborg, "Enhanced Direct-Modulated Bandwidth of 37 GHz by a Multi Section Laser with a Coupled-Cavity-Injection-Grating Design," Electronics Letter, vol. 39, pp. 1592-1593, October 2003.
100. M. Radziunas, A. Glitzky, U. Bandelow, M. Wolfrum, U. Troppenz, J. Kreissl, and W. Rehbein, "Improving the Modulation Bandwidth in Semiconductor Lasers by Passive Feedback," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 13, pp. 136-142, January/February 2007. (Pubitemid 46362758)
101. P. Hartmann, X. Qian, A. Wonfor, R. Penty, and I. White, "1-20 GHz Directly Modulated Radio over MMF Link," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. MWP 2005., pp. 95-98, October 2005. (Pubitemid 46286983)
102. M. Sauer, A. Kobyakov, and J. George, "Radio over Fiber for Picocellular Network Architectures," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 25, pp. 3301-3320, November 2007. (Pubitemid 350268528)
103. H.-H. Lu, A. Patra, W.-J. Ho, P.-C. Lai, and M.-H. Shiu, "A Full-Duplex Radio-Over-Fiber Transport System Based on FP Laser Diode With OBPF and Optical Circulator With Fiber Bragg Grating," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1652-1654, October 2007. (Pubitemid 47628245)
104. E. K. Lau, X. Zhao, H.-K. Sung, D. Parekh, C. Chang-Hasnain, and M. C. Wu, "Strong Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Lasers Demonstrating ? 100-GHz Resonance Frequencies and 80-GHz Intrinsic Bandwidths," Optics Express, vol. 16, April 2008.
105. Y. Okajima, S. K. Hwang, and J. M. Liu, "Experimental observation of chirp reduction in bandwidth-enhanced semiconductor lasers subject to strong optical injection," Optics Communications, vol. 219, pp. 357-364, February 2003.
106. L. Chrostowski, C.-H. Chang, and C. Chang-Hasnaiu, "Reduction of Relative Intensity Noise and Improvement of Spur-Free Dynamic Range of an Injection Locked VCSEL," in The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, pp. 706-707, October 2003.
107. G. Yabre and J. L. Bihan, "Reduction of Nonlinear Distortion in Directly Modulated Semiconductor Lasers by Coherent Light Injection," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 33, pp. 1132-1150, July 1996.
108. D. Parekh, W. Yang, A. Ng'oma, D. Fortusini, M. Sauer, S. Benjamin, W. Hofmann, M. C. Amann, and C. J. Chang-Hasnain, "Multi-Gbps ASK and QPSK-modulated 60 GHz RoF Link Using an Optically Injection Locked VCSEL," in Optical Fiber Communication (OFC), collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), pp. 1-3, March 2010.
109. A. Ng'oma, D. Fortusini, D. Parekh, W. Yang, M. Sauer, S. Benjamin, W. Hofmann, M. C. Amann, and C. J. Chang-Hasnain, "Performance of a Multi-Gbps 60 GHz Radio over Fiber System Employing a Directly Modulated Optically Injection Locked VCSEL," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2436-2444, April 2010.
110. Q. T. Nguyen, P. Besnard, L. Bramerie, A. Shen, C. Kazmierski, P. Chanlou, G.-H. Duan, and J.-C. Simon, "Bidirectional 2.5-Gb/s WDM-PON Using FP-LDs Wavelength-Locked by a Multiple-Wavelength Seeding Source Based on a Mode-Locked Laser," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 733-735, June 2010.
111. G.-R. Lin, Y.-S. Liao, Y.-C. Chi, H.-C. Kuo, G.-C. Lin, H.-L. Wang, and Y.-J. Chen, "Long-Cavity FabryPerot Laser Amplifier Transmitter With Enhanced Injection-Locking Bandwidth for WDM-PON Application," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2925-2932, October 2010.
112. A. Ng'oma, "Radio-over-Fibre Technology for Broadband Wireless Communication Systems," in PhD Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, June 2005.
113. T. Kuri, K. ichi Kitayama, and Y. Takahashi, "A Single Light-Source Configuration for Full-Duplex 60-GHz-Band Radio-on-Fiber System," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 51, pp. 431-439, February 2003.
114. S. T. Choi, K. S. Yang, S. Nishi, S. Shimizu, K. Tokuda, and Y. H. Kim, "A 60-GHz Point-to-Multipoint Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Communication System," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 54, pp. 1953-1960, May 2006.
115. M.-F. Huang, J. Yu, Z. Jia, and G.-K. Chang, "Simultaneous Generation of Centralized Lightwaves and Double/Single Sideband Optical Millimeter-Wave Requiring Only Low-Frequency Local Oscillator Signals for Radio-Over-Fiber Systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, pp. 2653-2662, August 2008.
116. J. J. Pan, "21 GHz Wideband Fiber Optic Link," in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest., pp. 977-978, May 1988.
117. H. Wen, L. Chen, J. He, and S.Wen, "Simultaneously Realizing Optical Millimeter-wave Generation and Photonic Frequency Down-conversion Employing Optical Phase Modulator and Sidebands Separation Technique," in Asia Optical Fiber Communication and Optoelectronics Conference, pp. 427-429, October 2007.
118. H. Schmuck, "Comparison of Optical Millimetre-wave System Concepts with Regard to Chromatic Dispersion," Electronics Letter, vol. 31, pp. 1848-1849, October 1995.
119. J. Park, W. Sorin, and K. Lau, "Elimination of the Fibre Chromatic Dispersion Penalty on 1550 nm Millimetre-wave Optical Transmission," Electronics Letter, vol. 33, pp. 512-513, March 1997. (Pubitemid 127587442)
120. M. Attygalle, C. Lim, G. J. Pendock, A. Nirmalathas, and G. Edvell, "Transmission Improvement in Fiber Wireless Links Using Fiber Bragg Gratings," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 190-192, January 2005. (Pubitemid 40118998)
121. G. Smith, D. Novak, and Z. Ahmed, "Technique for optical SSB Generation to Overcome Dispersion Penalties in Fiber-Radio Systems," Electronics Letter, vol. 33, pp. 74-75, January 1997. (Pubitemid 127543276)
122. E. Vergnol, F. Devaux, D. Tanguy, and E. Penard, "Integrated Lightwave Millimetric Single Side-Band Source: Design and Issues," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 16, pp. 1276-1284, July 1998. (Pubitemid 128602303)
123. J. O'Reilly and P. Lane, "Remote Delivery of Video Services Using mm-Waves and Optics," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, pp. 369-375, February 1994.
124. P. Shen, N. Gomes, P. Davies, W. Shillue, P. Huggard, and B. Ellison, "High-Purity Millimetre-Wave Photonic Local Oscillator Generation and Delivery," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 189-192, September 2003.
125. R. Hofstetter, H. Schmuck, and R. Heidemann, "Dispersion Effects in Optical Millimeter-Wave Systems Using Self-Heterodyne Method for Transport and Generation," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 43, pp. 2263-2269, September 1995.
126. A. Wiberg, P. Perez-Millan, M. V. Andres, P. A. Andrekson, and P. O. Hedekvist, "Fiber-Optic 40-GHz mm-Wave Link With 2.5-Gb/s Data Transmission," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 1938-1940, September 2005. (Pubitemid 41488303)
127. G. Qi, J. Yao, J. Seregelyi, S. Paquet, and C. Blisle, "Generation and Distribution of a Wide-Band Continuously Tunable Millimeter-Wave Signal With an Optical External Modulation Technique," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, pp. 3090-3097, November 2005. (Pubitemid 41560364)
128. J. Yu, Z. Jia, L. Xu, L. Chen, T. Wang, and G.-K. Chang, "DWDM Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation for Radio-Over-Fiber Using an Optical Phase Modulator and an Optical Interleaver," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 1418-1420, July 2006. (Pubitemid 46542575)
129. R. Montgomery and R. DeSalvo, "A Novel Technique for Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation of Optical Fields," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 434-436, April 1995.
130. C.-T. Lin, P. T. Shih, J. J. Chen, P.-C. Peng, S.-P. Dai, W.-Q. Xue, and S. Chi, "Generation of Carrier Suppressed Optical mm-wave Signals using Frequency Quadrupling and no Optical Filtering," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, February 2008.
131. B. Hraimel, X. Zhang, S. Member, Y. Pei, K. Wu, T. Liu, T. Xu, and Q. Nie, "Optical Single-Sideband Modulation With Tunable Optical Carrier to Sideband Ratio in Radio Over Fiber Systems," J. Lightwave Technologies, vol. 29, pp. 775-781, March 2011.
132. S. Li, X. Zheng, H. Zhang, and B. Zhou, "Highly Linear Radio-Over-Fiber System Incorporating a Single-Drive Dual-Parallel MachZehnder Modulator," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 1775-1777, December 2010.
133. Z. Zhu, X. Zheng, G. Xu, Y. Guo, and H. Zhang, "Super-Tripling Technology Used in Radio-Over-Fiber Systems for Multiservice Wireless Signals Within a Millimeter-Wave Band," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1520-1522, October 2009.
134. G. H. Smith, D. Novak, and Z. Ahmed, "Overcoming Chromatic-Dispersion Effects in Fiber-Wireless Systems Incorporating External Modulators," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 45, pp. 1410-1415, August 1997. (Pubitemid 127826955)
135. Z. Jia, J. Yu, A. Chowdhury, G. Ellinas, and G.-K. Chang, "Simultaneous Generation of Independent Wired and Wireless Services Using a Single Modulator in Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-Over-Fiber Systems," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 1691-1693, October 2007. (Pubitemid 47628258)
136. A. Ng'oma, M. Sauer, F. Annunziata, W.-J. Jiang, C.-T. Lin, J. Chen, P.-T. Shih, and S. Chi, "Simple Multi-Gbps 60 GHz Radio-over-Fiber Links Employing Optical and Electrical Data Up-conversion and Feed-Forward Equalization," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2009.
137. M. Beltran, J. B. Jensen, X. Yu, R. Llorente, R. Rodes, M. Ortsiefer, C. Neumeyr, and I. T. Monroy, "Performance of a 60-GHz DCMOFDM and BPSK-Impulse Ultra-Wideband System with Radio-Over-Fiber and Wireless Transmission Employing a Directly-Modulated VCSEL," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 29, pp. 1295-1302, June 2011.
138. H.-C. Chien, Y.-T. Hsueh, A. Chowdhury, J. Yu, and G.-K. Chang, "On Frequency-Doubled Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation Technique Without Carrier Suppression for In-Building Wireless Over Fiber Applications," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 182-184, February 2010.
139. M. Weib, M. Huchard, A. Stohr, B. Charbonnier, S. Fedderwitz, and D. S. Jager, "60-GHz Photonic Millimeter-Wave Link for Short-to Medium-Range Wireless Transmission Up to 12.5 Gb/s," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, pp. 2424-2429, August 2008.
140. W. Jian, C. Liu, H.-C. Chien, S.-H. Fan, J. Yu, J. Wang, Z. Dong, J. Yu, C. Yu, and G.-K. Chang, "QPSK-OFDM Radio over Polymer Optical Fiber for Broadband In-building 60GHz Wireless Access," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), pp. 1-3, March 2010.
141. Y.-Y. Won, H.-S. Kim, Y.-H. Son, and S.-K. Han, "Full Colorless WDM-Radio Over Fiber Access Network Supporting Simultaneous Transmission of Millimeter-Wave Band and Baseband Gigabit Signals by Sideband Routing," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2213-2218, August 2010.
142. D. Wake, C. R. Lima, and P. A. Davies, "Optical Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals for Fiber-Radio Systems Using a Dual-Mode DFB Semiconductor Laser," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 43, pp. 2270-2276, September 1995.
143. C. Sun, J. Huang, B. Xiong, and Y. Luo, "Low Phase Noise Millimeter-Wave Generation by Integrated Dual Wavelength Laser Diode," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2010.
144. G. Grosskopf, D. Rohde, R. Eggemann, S. Bauer, C. Bornholdt, M. Mohrle, and B. Sartorius, "Optical Millimeter-Wave Generation and Wireless Data Transmission Using a Dual-Mode Laser," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 12, pp. 1692-1694, December 2000. (Pubitemid 32169298)
145. F. van Dijk, A. Enard, X. Buet, F. Lelarge, and G.-H. Duan, "Phase Noise Reduction of a Quantum Dash Mode-Locked Laser in a Millimeter-Wave Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillator," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, pp. 2789-2794, August 2008.
146. D. Novak, Z. Ahmed, R. B. Waterhouse, and R. S. Tucker, "Signal Generation Using Pulsed Semiconductor Lasers for Application in Millimeter-Wave Wireless Links," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 43, pp. 2257-2262, September 1995.
147. T. Ohno, K. Sato, R. Iga, Y. Kondo, T. Furuta, K. Yoshino, and H. Ito, "160 GHz Actively Modelocked Semiconductor Laser," Electronics Letters, vol. 39, pp. 520-521, March 2003.
148. T. Ohno, F. Nakajima, T. Furuta, and H. Ito, "A 240-GHz Active Mode-Locked Laser Diode for Ultra-Broadband Fiber-Radio Transmission Systems," in Conference on Optical Fiber communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2005.
149. M. Huchard, P. Chanclou, B. Charbonnier, F. van Dijk, G.-H. Duan, C. Gonzalez, F. Lelarge, M. Thual, M. Weib, and A. Stohr, "60 GHz Radio Signal Up-conversion and Transport Using a Directly Modulated Mode-Locked laser," in Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference, pp. 333-335, September/October 2008.
150. B. A. Khawaja and M. J. Cryan, "Wireless Hybrid Mode Locked Lasers for Next Generation Radio-Over-Fiber Systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, pp. 2268-2276, August 2010.
151. H. Takara, T. Ohara, K. Mori, K. Sato, E. Yamada, Y. Inoue, T. Shibata, M. Abe, T. Morioka, and K.-I. Sato, "More than 1000 Channel Optical Frequency Chain Generation from Single Supercontinuum Source with 12.5 GHz Channel Spacing," Electronics Letter, vol. 36, pp. 2089-2090, December 2000. (Pubitemid 32075162)
152. K. Mori, K. Sato, H. Takara, and T. Ohara, "Supercontinuum Lightwave Source Generating 50 GHz Spaced Optical ITU Grid Seamlessly Over S-, C-and L-bands," Electronics Letter, vol. 39, pp. 544-546, March 2003.
153. T. Nakasyotani, H. Toda, T. Kuri, and K. ichi Kitayama, "Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Millimeter-Waveband Radio-on-Fiber System Using a Supercontinuum Light Source," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 404-410, January 2006. (Pubitemid 46489145)
154. T. Kuri, T. Nakasyotani, H. Toda, and K.-I. Kitayama, "Characterizations of Supercontinuum Light Source for WDM Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-on-Fiber Systems," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 1274-1276, June 2005. (Pubitemid 40843487)
155. M. Ogusu, K. Inagaki, and Y. Mizuguchi, "60 GHz Millimeter-Wave Source Using Two-Mode Injection-Locking of a Fabry Perot Slave Laser," IEEE Microw. Wireless Components Lett., vol. 11, pp. 101-103, March 2001. (Pubitemid 33076089)
156. C. Zhang, C. Hong, M. Li, W. Hu, and Z. Chen, "60 GHz Millimeterwave Generation by Two-mode Injection Locked Fabry-Perot Laser Using Second-order Sideband Injection in Radio-over-Fiber System," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (CLEO/QLES), pp. 1-2, May 2008.
157. J. Liu, H.-C. Chien, S.-H. Fan, B. Chen, JianjunYu, S. He, and G.-K. Chang, "Bidirectional 1.25-Gbps Wired/Wireless Optical Transmission Based on Single Sideband Carriers in FabryPerot Laser Diode by Multimode Injection Locking," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 23, pp. 1325-1327, September 2011.
158. T. T. Pham, H.-S. Kim, Y.-Y. Won, and S.-K. Han, "Bidirectional 1.25-Gbps Wired/Wireless Optical Transmission Based on Single Sideband Carriers in FabryPerot Laser Diode by Multimode Injection Locking," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 2457-2464, July 2009.
159. M. Ogusu, K. Inagaki, Y. Mizuguchi, and T. Ohira, "Multiplexing of Millimeter-Wave Signals for Fiber-Radio Links by Direct Modulation of a Two-Mode Locked FabryPerot Laser," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, pp. 498-507, February 2004.
160. R. Braun, G. Grosskopf, D. Rohde, and F. Schmidt, "Optical Millimetre-Wave Generation and Transmission Experiments for Mobile 60 GHz Band Communications," Electronics Letter, vol. 32, pp. 626-628, March 1996. (Pubitemid 126511525)
161. F. Timofeev, S. Bennett, R. Griffin, P. Bayvel, A. Seeds, R. Wyatt, R. Kashyap, and M. Robertson, "High Spectral Purity Millimetre-Wave Modulated Optical Signal Generation Using Fiber Grating Lasers," Electronics Letter, vol. 34, pp. 668-669, April 1998. (Pubitemid 128558439)
162. A. Malcoci, A. Stohr, R. Heinzelmann, K. Hagedorn, R. Gusted, F. Schafer, H. Stuer, F. Siebe, P. van der Wal, V. KrozerO, M. Feiginov, and D. Jager, "Photonic (sub)millimeter wave Local Oscillators," in 14th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, MIKON-2002., pp. 722-734, August 2002.
163. A. R. Islam and M. Bakaul, "Simplified Millimeter-wave Radio-overfiber System Using Optical Heterodyning of Low-cost Independent Light Sources and RF Homodyning at the Receiver," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, pp. 1-4, December 2009.
164. G. J. Foschini, L. J. Greenstein, and G. Vannucci, "Noncoherent Detection of Coherent Lightwave Signals Corrupted by Phase Noise," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 36, pp. 306-314, March 1988. (Pubitemid 18612010)
165. M. Lewis and P. Sample, "A Discriminator Controlled Broad-band Optical Microwave Source," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), pp. 79-82, September 1997.
166. Y. Doi, S. Fukushima, T. Ohno, and K. Yoshino, "Frequency Stabilization of Millimeter-Wave Subcarrier Using Laser Heterodyne Source and Optical Delay Line," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 1002-1004, September 2001. (Pubitemid 32934092)
167. I. Insua and C. Schaeffer, "Heterodyne Radio over Fiber System with 10 Gbps Data Rates," in Conference on Optical Fiber Communication OFC, pp. 1-3, March 2009.
168. G. Campuzano, I. Aldaya, and G. Castanon, "Performance of Digital Modulation Formats in Radio over Fiber Systems Based on the Sideband Injection Locking Technique," in 3rd ICTON Mediterranean Winter Conference ICTON-MW, pp. 1-5, December 2009.
169. R.-P. Braun, G. Grosskopf, D. Rohde, and F. Schmidt, "Low-Phase- Noise Millimeter-Wave Generation at 64 GHz and Data Transmission Using Optical Sideband Injection Locking," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 728-730, May 1998.
170. O. Tipmongkolsilp, S. Zaghloul, and A. Jukan, "The Evolution of Cellular Backhaul Technologies: Current Issues and Future Trends," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutorials, vol. 13, pp. 97-113, 1st Quarter 2011.
171. K. Kanonakis, I. Tomkos, H.-G. Krimmel, F. Schaich, C. Lange, E. Weis, D. Telekom, J. Leuthold, M. Winter, S. Romero, P. Kourtessis, M. Milosavljevic, I. N. Cano, and J. Prat, "An OFDMA-Based Optical Access Network Architecture Exhibiting Ultra-High Capacity and Wireline-Wireless Convergence," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 50, pp. 71-78, August 2012.
172. A. Chowdhury, H.-C. Chien, Y.-T. Hsueh, and G.-K. Chang, "Advanced System Technologies and Field Demonstration for In-Building Optical-Wireless Network With Integrated Broadband Services," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 1920-1927, June 2009.
173. Q. Chang, H. Fu, and Y. Su, "Simultaneous Generation and Transmission of Downstream Multiband Signals and Upstream Data in a Bidirectional Radio-Over-Fiber System," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 181-183, February 2008. (Pubitemid 351279205)
174. L. Chen, J. G. Yu, S. Wen, J. Lu, Z. Dong, M. Huang, and G. K. Chang, "A Novel Scheme for Seamless Integration of ROF With Centralized Lightwave OFDM-WDM-PON System," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 2786-2791, July 2009.
175. C. Zhang, J. Duan, C. Hong, P. Guo, W. Hu, Z. Chen, H. Li, and H. Wu, "Bidirectional 60-GHz RoF System With Multi-Gb/s M-QAM OFDM Single-Sideband Modulation Based on Injection-Locked Lasers," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 245-247, February 2011.
176. A. M. J. Koonen and M. G. Larrode, "Radio-Over-MMF Techniques Part II:Microwave to Millimeter-Wave Systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 26, pp. 2396-2408, August 2008.
177. M. G. Larrode, A. M. J. Koonen, and J. J. V. Olmos, "Overcoming Modal Bandwidth Limitation in Radio-over-Multimode Fiber Links," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 2428-2430, November 2006. (Pubitemid 44824248)
178. M. G. Larrod and A. M. J. Koonen, "All-Fiber Full-Duplex Multimode Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing Network for Radio-Over-Multimode-Fiber Distribution of Broadband Wireless Services," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, pp. 248-255, January 2008.
179. A. M. J. Koonen, A. Ng'oma, P. Smulders, H. P. A. Boom, I. T. Monroy, and G. Khoe, "In-house Networks Using Multimode Polymer Optical Fiber for Broadband Wireless Services," Photonic Network Communications, vol. 5, pp. 177-187, August 2003.
180. S.-B. Park, C.-H. Lee, S. G. Kang, and S. B. Lee, "Bidirectional WDM Self-Healing Ring Network for Hub/Remote Nodes," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1657-1659, November 2003.
181. S. Pato, J. Pedro, and P. Monteiro, "Comparative Evaluation of Fibre-Optic Architectures for Next-Generation Distributed Antenna Systems," in 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. ICTON '09., pp. 1-4, July 2009.
182. G. H. Smith, D. Novak, and C. Lim, "A Millimeter-Wave Full-Duplex Fiber-Radio Star-Tree Architecture Incorporating WDM and SCM," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 1650-1652, November 1998. (Pubitemid 128562240)
183. A. Stohr, K. ichi Kitayama, and D. Jager, "Full-Duplex Fiber-Optic RF Subcarrier Transmission Using a Dual-Function Modulator/ Photodetector," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 1338-1341, July 1999.
184. M. Rochette, I. C. M. Littler, R. W. McKerracher, and B. J. Eggleton, "A Dispersionless and Bandwidth-Adjustable FBG Filter for Reconfigurable 2R-Regeneration," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 17, pp. 1680-1682, August 2005. (Pubitemid 41175001)
185. L. Domash, M. Wu, N. Nemchuk, and E. Ma, "Tunable and Switchable Multiple-Cavity Thin Film Filters," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 22, pp. 126-135, January 2004.
186. K. Yu, D. Lee, N. Park, and O. Solgaard, "Tunable Optical Bandpass Filter With Variable-Aperture MEMS Reflector," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 5095-5102, December 2006. (Pubitemid 46350971)
187. K. ichi Kitayama, T. Kuri, K. Onohara, T. Kamisaka, and K. Murashima, "Dispersion Effects of FBG Filter and Optical SSB Filtering in DWDM Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Radio Systems," J. Ligthwave Technology, vol. 20, pp. 1397-1407, August 2002.
188. X. Zhou and M. Birk, "Performance Limitation Due to Statistical Raman Crosstalk in a WDM System With Multiple-Wavelength Bidirectionally Pumped Raman Amplification," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 2194-2202, October 2003.
189. S. Xu, J. B. Khurgin, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, "Reducing Crosstalk and Signal Distortion in Wavelength-Division Multiplexing by Increasing Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 1474-1485, June 2003.
190. P. S. Chan and H. Tsang, "Transient Gain Dynamics in Gain-Clamped EDFA with Different Erbium Dopant Levels," in The 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, pp. 816-817, October 2005. (Pubitemid 44802495)
191. A. Nardsimha, X. Meng, M. Wu, and E. Yablonovitch, "Tandem Single Sideband Modulation Scheme for Doubling Spectral Efficiency of Analogue Fibre Links," Electronics Letters, vol. 36, pp. 1135-1136, June 2000.
192. H. Toda, T. Yamashita, T. Kuri, and K. ichi Kitayama, "OSA Demultiplexing Using an Arrayed-Waveguide Grating for Frequency-Interleaved DWDM Millimeter-Wave Radio-on-Fiber Systems," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp. 1735-1741, August 2003.
193. C. Lim, A. Nirmalathas, D. Novak, R. S. Tucker, and R. B. Waterhouse, "Wavelength-Interleaving Technique to Improve Optical Spectral Efficiency in Millimeter-Wave WDM Fiber-Radio," in The 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE LEOS 2001, pp. 54-55, November 2001. (Pubitemid 34006306)
194. T. Kuri, H. Toda, and K. ichi Kitayama, "Novel Demultiplexer for Dense Wavelength-Division-Mutliplexed Millimeter-Wave-Band Radio-Over-Fiber Systems With Optical Frequency Interleaving Technique," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 19, pp. 2018-2020, December 2007. (Pubitemid 350226015)
195. T.-H. Wu and W. I. Way, "A Novel Passive Protected SONET Bidirectional Self-Healing Ring Architecture," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 10, pp. 1314-1322, September 1992.
196. C.-H. Chang, T.-C. Liang, and C.-Y. Huang, "DWDM Self-Healing Access Ring Network With Cost-Saving, Crosstalk-free and Bidirectional OADM in Single Fiber," in Optics Communications, pp. 4518-4523, September 2009.
197. P.-C. Peng, K.-M. Feng, H.-Y. Chiou, W.-R. Peng, J. J. Chen, H.-C. Kuo, S.-C. Wang, and S. Chi, "Reliable Architecture for High-Capacity Fiber-Radio Systems," in Optical Fiber Technology, p. 236-239, July 2007. (Pubitemid 46880412)
198. C.-H. Yeh and S. Chi, "Self-Healing Ring-Architecture Power-Splitting Passive Optical Networks Against Fiber Fault," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 19, pp. 1139-1141, August 2007. (Pubitemid 47098860)
199. M. Christina Lim, A. Nirmalathas, D. Novak, R. Waterhouse, and G. Yoffe, "Millimeter-Wave Broad-Band Fiber-Wireless System Incorporating Baseband Data Transmission over Fiber and Remote LO Delivery," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 18, pp. 1355-1363, October 2004. (Pubitemid 32069715)
200. A. Kaszubowska-Anandarajah and L. P. Barry, "Remote Downconversion Scheme for Uplink Configuration in Radio/Fiber Systems," in Proc. 7th International Conference Transparent Optical Networks., pp. 161-164, July 2005. (Pubitemid 43996377)
201. T. Kuri, K. ichi Kitayama, and Y. Takahashi, "60-GHz-Band Full-Duplex Radio-On-Fiber System Using Two-RF-Port Electroabsorption Transceiver," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 419-421, April 2000.
202. E. Wong, A. G. Prasanna, C. Lim, K. L. Lee, and A. Nirmalathas, "Simple VCSEL Base-Station Configuration for Hybrid Fiber-Wireless Access Networks," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 534-536, April 2009.
203. T. M. Ismail, J.E., and A. Seeds, "Linearity Enhancement of a Directly Modulated Uncooled DFB Laser in a Multi-Channel Wireless-over-Fibre System," in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1-4, June 2005.
204. L. Pergola, R. Gindera, D. Jger, and R. Vahldieck, "An LTCC-Based Wireless Transceiver for Radio-Over-Fiber Applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 55, pp. 579-587, March 2007. (Pubitemid 46393322)
205. N. Kashima, "Dynamic Properties of FP-LD Transmitters Using Side-Mode Injection Locking for LANs and WDM-PONs," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 24, pp. 3045-3058, August 2006. (Pubitemid 44263655)
206. B. A. Khawaja and M. J. Cryan, "A Wireless Hybrid Mode Locked Laser for Low Cost Millimetre Wave Radio-Over-Fiber Systems," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics. MWP '09., pp. 1-4, October 2009.
207. H. Kawanishi, Y. Yamauchi, N. Mineo, Y. Shibuya, H. Mural, K. Yamada, and H. H. Wada, "EAM-Integrated DFB Laser Modules With More Than 40-GHz Bandwidth," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 954-956, September 2001. (Pubitemid 32934076)
208. K. Tsuzuki, Y. Shibata, N. Kikuchi, M. Ishikawa, T. Yasui, H. Ishii, and H. Yasaka, "10-Gbit/s, 200 Km Duobinary SMF Transmission Using a Full C-band Tunable DFB Laser Array Co-packaged With InP Mach-Zehnder Modulator," in IEEE 21st International Laser Conference, pp. 17-18, September 2008.
209. A. Nirmalathas, D. Novak, C. Lim, and R. B. Waterhouse, "Wavelength Reuse in the WDM Optical Interface of a Millimeter-Wave Fiber-Wireless Antenna Base Station," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 49, pp. 2006-2012, October 2001. (Pubitemid 33008233)
210. M. Medeiros, R. Av, P. Laurncio, N. Correia, A. Barradas, H. da Silva, I. Darwazeh, J. Mitchell, and P. Monteiro, "Radio over Fiber Access Network Architecture Employing Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers," in ICTON Mediterranean Winter Conference. ICTON-MW, pp. 1-5, December 2007.
211. Z. Liu, M. Sadeghi, G. de Valicourt, R. Brenot, and M. Violas, "Experimental Validation of a Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Model Used as a Modulator in Radio over Fiber Systems," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 576-578, February 2011.
212. G. de Valicourt, M. A. Violas, D. Wake, F. van Dijk, C. Ware, A. Enard, D. Mak, Z. Liu, M. Lamponi, G.-H. Duan, and R. Brenot, "Radio-over-Fiber Access Network Architecture Based on New Optimized RSOA Devices With Large Modulation Bandwidth and High Linearity," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, pp. 3248-3258, November 2010.
213. D. Wake, D. Johansson, and D. Moodie, "Passive Picocell: a New Concept in Wireless Network Infrastructure," Electronic Letters, vol. 33, pp. 404-406, February 1997. (Pubitemid 127546411)
214. M. P. Thakur, T. Quinlan, S. B. A. Anas, D. K. Hunter, S. D. Walker, D. W. Smith, A. Borghesani, and D. Moodie, "Triple-Format, UWB-WiFi-WiMax, Radio-Over-Fiber Co-Existence Demonstration Featuring Low-Cost 1308/1564 nm VCSELs and a Reflective Electro-Absorption Transceiver," in Optical Fiber Communication, collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), pp. 1-3, March 2009.
215. M. P. Thakur, T. J. Quinlan, C. Bock, S. D. Walker, M. Toycan, S. E. M. Dudley, D. W. Smith, A. Borghesani, D. Moodie, M. Ran, and Y. Ben-Ezra, "480-Mbps, Bi-Directional, Ultra-Wideband Radio-Over-Fiber Transmission Using a 1308/1564-nm Reflective Electro-Absorption Transducer and Commercially Available VCSELs," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 27, pp. 266-272, February 2009.
216. CIP Technologies, "60 GHz Reflective Electroabsorption Modulator (REAM)." Available at: www.ciphotonics.com.
217. F. Lecoche, B. Charbonnier, F. Frank, F. V. Dijk, A. Enard, F. Blache, M.Goix, F. Mallecot, and D. Moodie, "60 GHz Bidirectional Optical Signal Distribution System at 3 Gbps for Wireless Home Network," in International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics, MWP '09, pp. 1-3, October 2009.