메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1241-1258

The freelance translation machine: Algorithmic culture and the invisible industry

Author keywords

Agency; algorithmic culture; entrepreneurialism; freelance labor; marketplace; networks; technology and society; translation industry; web

Indexed keywords


EID: 84888246857     PISSN: 14614448     EISSN: 14617315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1461444812469597     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (70)
  • 4
    • 84888235641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • aquarius.net, Available at (accessed 2 June 2012)
    • aquarius.net (2010) Aquarius.net. Available at: www.aquarius.net (accessed 2 June 2012).
    • (2010) Aquarius.net
  • 6
    • 84888237025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translator portal ProZ.com aims for enterprise
    • 30October. Available at, (accessed 2 June 2012)
    • BeninattoRS (2006) Translator portal ProZ.com aims for enterprise. Global Watchtower, 30October. Available at: http://upgrade.globalwatchtower.com/2006/10/translator-portal-ProZ.com-enterprise (accessed 2 June 2012).
    • (2006) Global Watchtower
    • Beninatto, R.S.1
  • 9
    • 79954684898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plus vite, encore plus vite: La traduction à l'heure de la mondialisation
    • Charron M.Plus vite, encore plus vite: La traduction à l'heure de la mondialisation.Translation Studies in the New Millennium. 2005;3:15-27.
    • (2005) Translation Studies in the New Millennium , vol.3 , pp. 15-27
    • Charron, M.1
  • 10
    • 77949458142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How technology will change the way we manage
    • Clapperton G.How technology will change the way we manage.Engineering and Technology. 2010;5 (1): 66-69.
    • (2010) Engineering and Technology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-69
    • Clapperton, G.1
  • 12
    • 78751530676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translator status: Helpers and opponents in the ongoing battle of an emerging profession
    • Dam H,Zethsen KK.Translator status: Helpers and opponents in the ongoing battle of an emerging profession.Target. 2010;22 (2): 194-211.
    • (2010) Target , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-211
    • Dam, H.1    Zethsen, K.K.2
  • 15
    • 0001844449 scopus 로고
    • Burchell GGordon CMiller P, ed.;, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Foucault MThe Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Burchell GGordon CMiller P, ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1991:87-104.
    • (1991) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality , pp. 87-104
    • Foucault, M.1
  • 16
    • 0035650204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Portfolio workers': Autonomy and control amongst freelance translators
    • Fraser J,Gold M.'Portfolio workers': Autonomy and control amongst freelance translators.Work Employment and Society. 2001;15:679-697.
    • (2001) Work Employment and Society , vol.15 , pp. 679-697
    • Fraser, J.1    Gold, M.2
  • 19
    • 77954451957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unworkable interface
    • Galloway AR.The unworkable interface.New Literary History. 2008;39 (4): 931-955.
    • (2008) New Literary History , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 931-955
    • Galloway, A.R.1
  • 20
    • 83055168317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The archive and the processor: The internal logic of Web 2.0
    • Gehl RW.The archive and the processor: The internal logic of Web 2.0.New Media & Society. 2011;13 (8): 1228-1244.
    • (2011) New Media & Society , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 1228-1244
    • Gehl, R.W.1
  • 21
    • 58149479418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the social factory? Immaterial labour, precariousness and cultural work
    • Gill R,Pratt A.In the social factory? Immaterial labour, precariousness and cultural work.Theory, Culture & Society. 2008;25 (7-8): 1-30.
    • (2008) Theory, Culture & Society , vol.25 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 1-30
    • Gill, R.1    Pratt, A.2
  • 22
    • 84888236738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Voices Online, Available at, (accessed 3 October 2012)
    • Global Voices Online (2012) Lingua volunteer FAQ. Available at: http://globalvoicesonline.org/lingua/lingua-volunteer-faq/ (accessed 3 October 2012).
    • (2012) Lingua volunteer FAQ
  • 24
    • 0036925872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing self-management: Successful transitions to portfolio careers
    • Gold M,Fraser J.Managing self-management: Successful transitions to portfolio careers.Work Employment and Society. 2002;16:579-797.
    • (2002) Work Employment and Society , vol.16 , pp. 579-797
    • Gold, M.1    Fraser, J.2
  • 25
    • 84888222927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Google, Available at, (accessed 24 May 2012)
    • Google (2012) Find out how our translations are created. Available at: http://translate.google.com/about/intl/en_ALL (accessed 24 May 2012).
    • (2012) Find out how our translations are created
  • 27
    • 44949091355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Hardt M,Negri AEmpire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2000.
    • (2000) Empire
    • Hardt, M.1    Negri, A.2
  • 29
    • 77953314123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Hardt M,Negri ACommonwealth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2009.
    • (2009) Commonwealth
    • Hardt, M.1    Negri, A.2
  • 31
    • 84989402684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From translation markets to language management: The implications of translation services
    • Hermans J,Lambert J.From translation markets to language management: The implications of translation services.Target. 1998;10 (1): 113-132.
    • (1998) Target , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-132
    • Hermans, J.1    Lambert, J.2
  • 32
    • 77953825326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MSNBC.com, 18April. Available at, (accessed 21 May 2012)
    • HosakaTA (2008) Facebook asks users to translate for free. MSNBC.com, 18April. Available at: www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24205912/ns/technology_and_science-internet (accessed 21 May 2012).
    • (2008) Facebook asks users to translate for free
    • Hosaka, T.A.1
  • 33
    • 0000612068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why employers use flexible staffing arrangements: Evidence from an establishment survey
    • Houseman SN.Why employers use flexible staffing arrangements: Evidence from an establishment survey.Industrial & Labor Relations Review. 2001;55 (1): 149-170.
    • (2001) Industrial & Labor Relations Review , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-170
    • Houseman, S.N.1
  • 34
    • 79957169605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De la traduction permanente (Nous sommes en traduction)
    • Ivekovic R.De la traduction permanente (Nous sommes en traduction)/On permanent translation (We are in translation).Transeuropéennes. 2001-2002;22:121-145.
    • (2001) Transeuropéennes , vol.22 , pp. 121-145
    • Ivekovic, R.1
  • 35
    • 84888235387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White House challenges translation industry to innovate
    • 1October. Available at, (accessed 21 August 2011)
    • JosephD (2009) White House challenges translation industry to innovate. Bloomberg Businessweek, 1October. Available at: www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/oct2009/id2009101_196515.htm (accessed 21 August 2011).
    • (2009) Bloomberg Businessweek
    • Joseph, D.1
  • 36
    • 84888241474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nirenburg SSomers HWilks Y, ed.;, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Kay MReadings in Machine Translation. Nirenburg SSomers HWilks Y, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003:221-232.
    • (2003) Readings in Machine Translation , pp. 221-232
    • Kay, M.1
  • 38
    • 84888269050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meedan, Available at, (accessed 3 October 2012)
    • Meedan (2012) Meedan. Available at: http://news.meedan.net/ (accessed 3 October 2012).
    • (2012) Meedan
  • 40
    • 79959700622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communications and transport: The mobility of information, people and commodities
    • Morley D.Communications and transport: The mobility of information, people and commodities.Media Culture & Society. 2011;33:743-759.
    • (2011) Media Culture & Society , vol.33 , pp. 743-759
    • Morley, D.1
  • 42
    • 43249150759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has computerization changed translation?
    • Mossop B.Has computerization changed translation?.Meta. 2006;51:787-805.
    • (2006) Meta , vol.51 , pp. 787-805
    • Mossop, B.1
  • 44
    • 58149488844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precarity as a political concept, or, Fordism as exception
    • Neilson B,Rossiter N.Precarity as a political concept, or, Fordism as exception.Theory Culture & Society. 2008;25 (7-8): 51-72.
    • (2008) Theory Culture & Society , vol.25 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 51-72
    • Neilson, B.1    Rossiter, N.2
  • 45
    • 79953761425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User-generated translation: The future of translation in a Web 2.0 environment
    • Perrino S.User-generated translation: The future of translation in a Web 2.0 environment.Journal of Specialised Translation. 2009;12:55-78.
    • (2009) Journal of Specialised Translation , vol.12 , pp. 55-78
    • Perrino, S.1
  • 46
    • 84888234027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProZ.com, Available at, (accessed 20 May 2012)
    • ProZ.com (2008) Certified translators. Available at: www.ProZ.com/pro-tag/info/about/freelancers (accessed 20 May 2012).
    • (2008) Certified translators
  • 47
    • 84888251071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProZ.com, Available at: (accessed 15 November 2010)
    • ProZ.com (2010) Invest in success. Available at: www.ProZ.com/membership/campaign (accessed 15 November 2010).
    • (2010) Invest in success
  • 48
    • 84888237444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProZ.com, Available at, (accessed 15 September 2011)
    • ProZ.com (2011) Testimonials and success stories. Available at: www.ProZ.com/testimonials (accessed 15 September 2011).
    • (2011) Testimonials and success stories
  • 49
    • 84888259579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProZ.com, Available at, (accessed 20 May 2012)
    • ProZ.com (2012) ProZ.com turnkey translation. Available at: www.ProZ.com/order-translation (accessed 20 May 2012).
    • (2012) ProZ.com turnkey translation
  • 50
    • 84937283490 scopus 로고
    • Translation as a transaction cost
    • Pym A.Translation as a transaction cost.Meta. 1995;40:594-605.
    • (1995) Meta , vol.40 , pp. 594-605
    • Pym, A.1
  • 52
    • 43249154522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Globalization and the politics of translation studies
    • Pym A.Globalization and the politics of translation studies.Meta. 2006;51:744-757.
    • (2006) Meta , vol.51 , pp. 744-757
    • Pym, A.1
  • 53
    • 84888220334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring freelance business practices
    • October. Available at:, (accessed 2 June 2012)
    • RacetteD (2007) Exploring freelance business practices. ATA Chronicle, October. Available at: www.atanet.org/chronicle/feature_article_october2007_freelance.php (accessed 2 June 2012).
    • (2007) ATA Chronicle
    • Racette, D.1
  • 54
    • 84888264492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translation as repayment of debt
    • Robinson D.Translation as repayment of debt.Delos. 1997;7 (1-2): 10-22.
    • (1997) Delos , vol.7 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 10-22
    • Robinson, D.1
  • 59
    • 58149496186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new geography of work: Power to the precarious?
    • Ross A.The new geography of work: Power to the precarious?.Theory, Culture & Society. 2008;25 (7-8): 31-49.
    • (2008) Theory, Culture & Society , vol.25 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 31-49
    • Ross, A.1
  • 61
    • 79952868611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do we count a language? Translation and discontinuity
    • Sakai N.How do we count a language? Translation and discontinuity.Translation Studies. 2009;2 (1): 71-88.
    • (2009) Translation Studies , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-88
    • Sakai, N.1
  • 62
    • 84888267144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On MTurk, some examples of exploitation
    • Available at, (accessed 3 December 2012)
    • ScholzT (2009) On MTurk, some examples of exploitation. Esse, nosse, posse: common wealth for common people. Available at: http://www.emst.gr/commonwealth/?p=293&lang=el (accessed 3 December 2012).
    • (2009) Esse, nosse, posse: Common wealth for common people
    • Scholz, T.1
  • 63
    • 84888209944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 inexplicable Google Translate fails
    • Search Engine People, Available at, (accessed 20 May 2012)
    • Search Engine People (2011) 10 inexplicable Google Translate fails. Search Engine People. Available at: www.searchenginepeople.com/blog/10-google-translate-fails.html (accessed 20 May 2012).
    • (2011) Search Engine People
  • 64
    • 84888266471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to have culture in an algorithmic age
    • Available at: (accessed 17 May 2012)
    • StriphasT (2010) How to have culture in an algorithmic age. The Late Age of Print. Available at: www.thelateageofprint.org/2010/06/14/how-to-have-culture-in-an-algorithmic-age (accessed 17 May 2012).
    • (2010) The Late Age of Print
    • Striphas, T.1
  • 65
    • 84888266187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithmic culture, redux
    • Available at, (accessed 17 May 2012)
    • StriphasT (2011) Algorithmic culture, redux. The Late Age of Print. Available at: www.thelateageofprint.org/2011/03/15/algorithmic-culture-redux/ (accessed 17 May 2012).
    • (2011) The Late Age of Print
    • Striphas, T.1
  • 68
    • 85048636526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nirenburg SSomers HWilks Y, ed.;, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Weaver WReadings in Machine Translation. Nirenburg SSomers HWilks Y, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003:13-17.
    • (2003) Readings in Machine Translation , pp. 13-17
    • Weaver, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.