메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 9-10, 2013, Pages 2745-2763

Reliability and importance of structural diversity of climate model ensembles

Author keywords

Climate model; Degree of freedom; Multi model ensembles; Perturbed physics ensembles; Rank histogram; Reliability

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE MODELING; CLIMATOLOGY; ENSEMBLE FORECASTING; HISTOGRAM; RELIABILITY ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84886725472     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1733-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 77949763962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between Inter-model similarities in spatial pattern for present and projected future mean
    • doi:10.2151/sola.2009-034
    • Abe M, Shiogama H, Hargreaves JC, Annan JD, Nozawa T, Emori S (2009) Correlation between Inter-model similarities in spatial pattern for present and projected future mean. Clim SOLA 5: 133-136. doi: 10. 2151/sola. 2009-034.
    • (2009) Clim SOLA , vol.5 , pp. 133-136
    • Abe, M.1    Shiogama, H.2    Hargreaves, J.C.3    Annan, J.D.4    Nozawa, T.5    Emori, S.6
  • 6
    • 39749171363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change
    • In: Solomon et al (eds) Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Trenberth KE et al (2007) Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change. In: Solomon et al (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2007) Climate change 2007: The physical science basis
    • Trenberth, K.E.1
  • 7
    • 71649103162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, Technical Note 74
    • Collins WJ et al (2008) Evaluation of the HadGEM2 model, Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, Technical Note 74.
    • (2008) Evaluation of the HadGEM2 model
    • Collins, W.J.1
  • 10
    • 77954368975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the CMIP3 ensemble
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL041994
    • Annan JD, Hargreaves JC (2010) Reliability of the CMIP3 ensemble. Geophys Res Lett 37: L02703. doi: 10. 1029/2009GL041994.
    • (2010) Geophys Res Lett , vol.37
    • Annan, J.D.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2
  • 11
    • 80052641925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the CMIP3 multi-model ensemble
    • doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3873.1
    • Annan JD, Hargreaves JC (2011) Understanding the CMIP3 multi-model ensemble. J Clim 24: 4529-4538. doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI3873. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 4529-4538
    • Annan, J.D.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 3343006936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameter estimation in an intermediate complexity Earth system model using an ensemble Kalman filter
    • Annan JD, Hargreaves JC, Edwards NR, Marsh R (2005b) Parameter estimation in an intermediate complexity Earth system model using an ensemble Kalman filter. Ocean Model 8(1-2): 135-154.
    • (2005) Ocean Model , vol.8 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 135-154
    • Annan, J.D.1    Hargreaves, J.C.2    Edwards, N.R.3    Marsh, R.4
  • 14
    • 0032738634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying field
    • Bretherton CS, Windmann M, Dymnikov VP, Wallace JM, Blade I (1999) The effective number of spatial degrees of freedom of a time-varying field. J Clim 12: 1990-2009.
    • (1999) J Clim , vol.12 , pp. 1990-2009
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Windmann, M.2    Dymnikov, V.P.3    Wallace, J.M.4    Blade, I.5
  • 15
    • 0025680011 scopus 로고
    • Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models
    • Cess RD et al (1990) Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models. J Geophys Res 95: 16601-16615.
    • (1990) J Geophys Res , vol.95 , pp. 16601-16615
    • Cess, R.D.1
  • 16
    • 0002331210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The internal climate variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • Collins M, Tett SFB, Cooper C (2001) The internal climate variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 17(1): 61-81.
    • (2001) Clim Dyn , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-81
    • Collins, M.1    Tett, S.F.B.2    Cooper, C.3
  • 20
    • 79954585763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate model errors, feedbacks and forcings: a comparison of perturbed physics and multi-model ensembles
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0808-0
    • Collins M, Booth BBB, Harris GR, Murphy JM, Sexton DMH, Webb MJ (2010) Climate model errors, feedbacks and forcings: a comparison of perturbed physics and multi-model ensembles. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-010-0808-0.
    • (2010) Clim Dyn
    • Collins, M.1    Booth, B.B.B.2    Harris, G.R.3    Murphy, J.M.4    Sexton, D.M.H.5    Webb, M.J.6
  • 21
    • 84859611133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of an Earth-system model-HadGEM2
    • doi:10.5194/gmdd-4-997-2011
    • Collins WJ et al (2011) Development and evaluation of an Earth-system model-HadGEM2. Geosci Model Dev Discuss 4: 997-1062. doi: 10. 5194/gmdd-4-997-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci Model Dev Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 997-1062
    • Collins, W.J.1
  • 23
    • 33645219567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 1: formulation and simulation characteristics
    • Delworth TL et al (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 1: formulation and simulation characteristics. J Clim 19: 643-674.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 643-674
    • Delworth, T.L.1
  • 24
    • 20044368416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-1 Model Developers, K-1 Tech. Rep. 1, University of Tokyo
    • K-1 Model Developers (2004) K-1 coupled GCM (MIROC) description. K-1 Tech. Rep. 1, University of Tokyo, 1-34.
    • (2004) K-1 coupled GCM (MIROC) description , pp. 1-34
  • 26
    • 79958294849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The community climate system model version 4
    • doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1
    • Gent PR et al (2011) The community climate system model version 4. J Clim 24: 4973-4991. doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI4083. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , pp. 4973-4991
    • Gent, P.R.1
  • 27
    • 84858256367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks in the community atmosphere model
    • Gettelman A, Kay JE, Shell KM (2012) The evolution of climate sensitivity and climate feedbacks in the community atmosphere model. J Clim 25(5): 1453-1469.
    • (2012) J Clim , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 1453-1469
    • Gettelman, A.1    Kay, J.E.2    Shell, K.M.3
  • 28
    • 49249113376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance metrics for climate models
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008972
    • Gleckler PJ, Taylor KE, Doutriaux C (2008) Performance metrics for climate models. J Geophys Res 113: D06104. doi: 10. 1029/2007JD008972.
    • (2008) J Geophys Res , vol.113
    • Gleckler, P.J.1    Taylor, K.E.2    Doutriaux, C.3
  • 29
    • 33645815473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 2: the baseline ocean simulation
    • Gnanadesikan A et al (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 2: the baseline ocean simulation. J Clim 19: 675-697.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 675-697
    • Gnanadesikan, A.1
  • 30
    • 0034025893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transport in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments
    • Gordon CC et al (2000) The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transport in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 16: 147-168.
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 147-168
    • Gordon, C.C.1
  • 31
    • 33750798012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation and propagation of great salinity anomalies
    • doi:10.1029/2003GL17065
    • Haak H et al (2003) Formation and propagation of great salinity anomalies. Geophys Res Lett 30: 1473. doi: 10. 1029/2003GL17065.
    • (2003) Geophys Res Lett , vol.30 , pp. 1473
    • Haak, H.1
  • 32
    • 84864523117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are paleoclimate model ensembles consistent with the MARGO data synthesis?
    • doi:10.5194/cp-7-917-2011
    • Hargreaves JC, Paul A, Ohgaito R, Abe-Ouchi A, Annan JD (2011) Are paleoclimate model ensembles consistent with the MARGO data synthesis? Clim Past 7: 917-933. doi: 10. 5194/cp-7-917-2011.
    • (2011) Clim Past , vol.7 , pp. 917-933
    • Hargreaves, J.C.1    Paul, A.2    Ohgaito, R.3    Abe-Ouchi, A.4    Annan, J.D.5
  • 33
    • 4043130798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient stochastic Bayesian approach to optimal parameter and uncertainty estimation for climate model predictions
    • Jackson CS, Sen MK, Stoffa PL (2004) An efficient stochastic Bayesian approach to optimal parameter and uncertainty estimation for climate model predictions. J Clim 17: 2828-2841.
    • (2004) J Clim , vol.17 , pp. 2828-2841
    • Jackson, C.S.1    Sen, M.K.2    Stoffa, P.L.3
  • 34
    • 60749088614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error reduction and convergence in climate prediction
    • Jackson CS, Sen MK, Huerta G, Deng Y, Bowman KP (2008) Error reduction and convergence in climate prediction. J Clim 21: 6698-6709.
    • (2008) J Clim , vol.21 , pp. 6698-6709
    • Jackson, C.S.1    Sen, M.K.2    Huerta, G.3    Deng, Y.4    Bowman, K.P.5
  • 35
    • 33646381345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new Hadley Centre climate model HadGEM1: evaluation of coupled simulations
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3712.1
    • Johns TC et al (2006) The new Hadley Centre climate model HadGEM1: evaluation of coupled simulations. J Clim 19(7): 1327-1353. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3712. 1.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1327-1353
    • Johns, T.C.1
  • 36
    • 48349118389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating rank histograms using decompositions of the Chi square test statistic
    • doi:10.1175/2007MWR2219.1
    • Jolliffe I, Primo C (2008) Evaluating rank histograms using decompositions of the Chi square test statistic. Mon Weath Rev 136: 2133-2139. doi: 10. 1175/2007MWR2219. 1.
    • (2008) Mon Weath Rev , vol.136 , pp. 2133-2139
    • Jolliffe, I.1    Primo, C.2
  • 37
    • 84922270278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations
    • doi:10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011
    • Jones CD et al (2011) The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations. Geosci Model Dev 4: 543-570. doi: 10. 5194/gmd-4-543-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci Model Dev , vol.4 , pp. 543-570
    • Jones, C.D.1
  • 38
    • 79960351865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On constraining estimates of climate sensitivity with present-day observations through model weighting
    • doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4193.1
    • Klocke D, Pincus R, Quaas J (2011) On constraining estimates of climate sensitivity with present-day observations through model weighting. J Clim 24(23): 6092-6099. doi: 10. 1175/2011JCLI4193. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim , vol.24 , Issue.23 , pp. 6092-6099
    • Klocke, D.1    Pincus, R.2    Quaas, J.3
  • 39
    • 77957165673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The end of model democracy?
    • doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9800-2
    • Knutti R (2010) The end of model democracy? Clim Change 102: 395-404. doi: 10. 1007/s10584-010-9800-2.
    • (2010) Clim Change , vol.102 , pp. 395-404
    • Knutti, R.1
  • 41
    • 0037064630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates
    • doi:10.1016/S1463-5003(02)00015-X
    • Marsland SJ, Haak H, Jungclaus JH, Latif M, Röske F (2003) The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Model 5(2): 91-127. doi: 10. 1016/S1463-5003(02)00015-X.
    • (2003) Ocean Model , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-127
    • Marsland, S.J.1    Haak, H.2    Jungclaus, J.H.3    Latif, M.4    Röske, F.5
  • 43
    • 33646348458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, HadGEM1-Part 1: model description and global climatology
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3636.1
    • Martin GM et al (2006) The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, HadGEM1-Part 1: model description and global climatology. J Clim 19(7): 1274-1301. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3636. 1.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1274-1301
    • Martin, G.M.1
  • 44
    • 84861384691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HadGEM2 family of Met Office unified model climate configurations
    • doi:10.5194/gmd-4-723-2011
    • Martin GM et al (2011) The HadGEM2 family of Met Office unified model climate configurations. Geosci Model Dev 4: 723-757. doi: 10. 5194/gmd-4-723-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci Model Dev , vol.4 , pp. 723-757
    • Martin, G.M.1
  • 45
    • 79955433638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate model genealogy
    • doi:10.1029/2011GL046864
    • Masson D, Knutti R (2011) Climate model genealogy. Geophys Res Lett 38: L08703. doi: 10. 1029/2011GL046864.
    • (2011) Geophys Res Lett , vol.38
    • Masson, D.1    Knutti, R.2
  • 46
    • 0000182902 scopus 로고
    • The Canadian climate centre second-generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate
    • McFarlane NA, Boer GJ, Blanchet J-P, Lazare M (1992) The Canadian climate centre second-generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. J Clim 5: 1013-1044.
    • (1992) J Clim , vol.5 , pp. 1013-1044
    • McFarlane, N.A.1    Boer, G.J.2    Blanchet, J.-P.3    Lazare, M.4
  • 47
    • 77954380890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate projections. I. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
    • S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Meehl GA, Stocker T et al (2007) Global climate projections. I. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Contribution of working Group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (2007) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
    • Meehl, G.A.1    Stocker, T.2
  • 50
  • 51
    • 0003636242 scopus 로고
    • Version 1. 0. GFDL Ocean Group technical report No. 2, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton
    • Pacanowski RC, Dixon K, Rosati A (1993) The GFDL modular ocean model users guide, Version 1. 0. GFDL Ocean Group technical report No. 2, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton.
    • (1993) The GFDL modular ocean model users guide
    • Pacanowski, R.C.1    Dixon, K.2    Rosati, A.3
  • 52
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model-HadAM3
    • Pope VD, Gallani ML, Rowntree PR, Stratton RA (2000) The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model-HadAM3. Clim Dyn 16: 123-146.
    • (2000) Clim Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 53
    • 34547436900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate-carbon cycle feedback during the twenty first century?
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0247-8
    • Raddatz TJ et al (2007) Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate-carbon cycle feedback during the twenty first century? Clim Dyn 29: 565-574. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-007-0247-8.
    • (2007) Clim Dyn , vol.29 , pp. 565-574
    • Raddatz, T.J.1
  • 54
    • 33646377874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, HadGEM1-Part 2: aspects of variability and regional climate
    • doi:10.1175/JCLI3713.1
    • Ringer MA et al (2006) The physical properties of the atmosphere in the new Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, HadGEM1-Part 2: aspects of variability and regional climate. J Clim Am Meteorol Soc 19(7): 1302-1326. doi: 10. 1175/JCLI3713. 1.
    • (2006) J Clim Am Meteorol Soc , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 1302-1326
    • Ringer, M.A.1
  • 55
    • 52949128185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GMR Report Annex IV. D. 3, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office, Exeter
    • Roberts MJ (2004) The Ocean Component of HadGEM1. GMR Report Annex IV. D. 3, Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office, Exeter.
    • (2004) The Ocean Component of HadGEM1
    • Roberts, M.J.1
  • 56
    • 77953140992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved simulation of Australian climate and ENSO-related climate variability in a GCM with an interactive aerosol treatment
    • doi:10.1002/joc.1952
    • Rotstayn LD, Collier MA, Dix MR, Feng Y, Gordon HB, Farrell SPO, Smith IN, Syktus J (2010) Improved simulation of Australian climate and ENSO-related climate variability in a GCM with an interactive aerosol treatment. Int J Climatol 30(7): 1067-1088. doi: 10. 1002/joc. 1952.
    • (2010) Int J Climatol , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1067-1088
    • Rotstayn, L.D.1    Collier, M.A.2    Dix, M.R.3    Feng, Y.4    Gordon, H.B.5    Farrell, S.P.O.6    Smith, I.N.7    Syktus, J.8
  • 57
    • 84865767546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hindcast skill of the CMIP ensembles for the surface air temperature trend
    • doi:10.1029/2012JD017765
    • Sakaguchi K, Zeng X, Brunke MA (2012) The hindcast skill of the CMIP ensembles for the surface air temperature trend. J Geophys Res 117: D16113. doi: 10. 1029/2012JD017765.
    • (2012) J Geophys Res , vol.117
    • Sakaguchi, K.1    Zeng, X.2    Brunke, M.A.3
  • 60
    • 79954998482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-model study of parametric uncertainty in predictions of climate response to rising greenhouse gas concentrations
    • doi: 10. 1175/2010JCLI3498. 1
    • Sanderson BM (2011) A multi-model study of parametric uncertainty in predictions of climate response to rising greenhouse gas concentrations. J Clim. doi: 10. 1175/2010JCLI3498. 1.
    • (2011) J Clim
    • Sanderson, B.M.1
  • 61
    • 84861799351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate probabilistic projections using imperfect climate models Part I: outline of methodology
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1208-9
    • Sexton DMH, Murphy JM, Collins M, Webb MJ (2012) Multivariate probabilistic projections using imperfect climate models Part I: outline of methodology. Clim Dyn 38: 2513-2542. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1208-9.
    • (2012) Clim Dyn , vol.38 , pp. 2513-2542
    • Sexton, D.M.H.1    Murphy, J.M.2    Collins, M.3    Webb, M.J.4
  • 62
    • 0033375724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation of troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere with an MRI/JMA98 GCM
    • Shibata K, Yoshimura H, Oizumi M, Hosaka M, Sugi M (1999) A simulation of troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere with an MRI/JMA98 GCM. Pap Meteorol Geophys 50: 15-53.
    • (1999) Pap Meteorol Geophys , vol.50 , pp. 15-53
    • Shibata, K.1    Yoshimura, H.2    Oizumi, M.3    Hosaka, M.4    Sugi, M.5
  • 65
    • 2342650628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM2. 0 and 3. 0). Technical Report LA-UR-02-2484, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos
    • Smith RD, Gent PR (2004) Reference manual for the Parallel Ocean Program (POP), Ocean component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM2. 0 and 3. 0). Technical Report LA-UR-02-2484, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos.
    • (2004) Reference manual for the Parallel Ocean Program (POP)
    • Smith, R.D.1    Gent, P.R.2
  • 66
    • 34547903564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model
    • doi:10.1126/science.1139540
    • Smith DM, Cusack S, Colman AW, Folland CK, Harris GR, Murphy JM (2007) Improved surface temperature prediction for the coming decade from a global climate model. Science 317: 796-799. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1139540.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 796-799
    • Smith, D.M.1    Cusack, S.2    Colman, A.W.3    Folland, C.K.4    Harris, G.R.5    Murphy, J.M.6
  • 68
    • 13444269104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases
    • Stainforth DA et al (2005) Uncertainty in predictions of the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Nature 433: 403-406.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 403-406
    • Stainforth, D.A.1
  • 69
    • 33645821428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 4: idealized climate response
    • Stouffer RJ et al (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 4: idealized climate response. J Clim 19: 723-740.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 723-740
    • Stouffer, R.J.1
  • 71
    • 84860684669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design
    • doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1
    • Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteor Soc 93: 485-498. doi: 10. 1175/BAMS-D-11-00094. 1.
    • (2012) Bull Am Meteor Soc , vol.93 , pp. 485-498
    • Taylor, K.E.1    Stouffer, R.J.2    Meehl, G.A.3
  • 72
    • 77956285070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating presentday climate with the INMCM4.0 coupled model of the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations
    • doi:10.1134/S000143381004002X
    • Volodin E, Dianskii NA, Gusev AV (2010) Simulating presentday climate with the INMCM4. 0 coupled model of the atmospheric and oceanic general circulations. Izv Atmos Ocean Phys 46(4): 414-431. doi: 10. 1134/S000143381004002X.
    • (2010) Izv Atmos Ocean Phys , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 414-431
    • Volodin, E.1    Dianskii, N.A.2    Gusev, A.V.3
  • 74
    • 78650547976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity
    • doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3679.1
    • Watanabe M et al (2010) Improved climate simulation by MIROC5: mean states, variability, and climate sensitivity. J Clim 23: 6312-6335. doi: 10. 1175/2010JCLI3679. 1.
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , pp. 6312-6335
    • Watanabe, M.1
  • 75
    • 80052319395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIROC-ESM: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments
    • doi:10.5194/gmdd-4-1063-2011
    • Watanabe S et al (2011) MIROC-ESM: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments. Geosci Model Dev Discuss 4: 1063-1128. doi: 10. 5194/gmdd-4-1063-2011.
    • (2011) Geosci Model Dev Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 1063-1128
    • Watanabe, S.1
  • 77
    • 33644666197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles
    • Webb MJ et al (2006) On the contribution of local feedback mechanisms to the range of climate sensitivity in two GCM ensembles. Clim Dyn 27: 17-38.
    • (2006) Clim Dyn , vol.27 , pp. 17-38
    • Webb, M.J.1
  • 78
    • 3142658854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The minimum spanning tree histogram as a verification tool for multidimensional ensemble forecasts
    • Wilks DS (2004) The minimum spanning tree histogram as a verification tool for multidimensional ensemble forecasts. Mon Wea Rev 132: 1329-1340.
    • (2004) Mon Wea Rev , vol.132 , pp. 1329-1340
    • Wilks, D.S.1
  • 79
    • 33644612687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 3: tropical Pacific climate and ENSO
    • Wittenberg AT et al (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models-Part 3: tropical Pacific climate and ENSO. J Clim 19: 698-722.
    • (2006) J Clim , vol.19 , pp. 698-722
    • Wittenberg, A.T.1
  • 80
    • 52949139119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of equilibrium and transient responses to CO2 increase in eight state-of-the-art climate models
    • Yokohata T et al (2008) Comparison of equilibrium and transient responses to CO2 increase in eight state-of-the-art climate models. Tellus 60: 946-961.
    • (2008) Tellus , vol.60 , pp. 946-961
    • Yokohata, T.1
  • 81
    • 77953653197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural similarities and differences in climate responses to CO2 increase between two perturbed physics ensembles
    • Yokohata T, Webb MJ, Collins M, Williams KD, Yoshimori M, Hargreaves JC, Annan JD (2010) Structural similarities and differences in climate responses to CO2 increase between two perturbed physics ensembles. J Clim 23(6): 1392-1410.
    • (2010) J Clim , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 1392-1410
    • Yokohata, T.1    Webb, M.J.2    Collins, M.3    Williams, K.D.4    Yoshimori, M.5    Hargreaves, J.C.6    Annan, J.D.7
  • 82
    • 84864385648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of multi-model and structurally different single-model ensembles
    • doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1203-1
    • Yokohata T, Annan JD, Collins M, Jackson CS, Tobis M, Hargreaves JC (2012) Reliability of multi-model and structurally different single-model ensembles. Clim Dyn. doi: 10. 1007/s00382-011-1203-1.
    • (2012) Clim Dyn
    • Yokohata, T.1    Annan, J.D.2    Collins, M.3    Jackson, C.S.4    Tobis, M.5    Hargreaves, J.C.6
  • 83
    • 0142187557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flexible global coupled climate model
    • Yu Y, Yu R, Zhang X, Liu H (2002) A flexible global coupled climate model. Adv Atmos Sci 19: 169-190.
    • (2002) Adv Atmos Sci , vol.19 , pp. 169-190
    • Yu, Y.1    Yu, R.2    Zhang, X.3    Liu, H.4
  • 84
    • 3042683726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global coupled ocean- atmosphere general circulation models in LASG/IAP
    • Yu Y, Zhang X, Guo Y (2004) Global coupled ocean- atmosphere general circulation models in LASG/IAP. Adv Atmos Sci 21: 444-455.
    • (2004) Adv Atmos Sci , vol.21 , pp. 444-455
    • Yu, Y.1    Zhang, X.2    Guo, Y.3
  • 85
    • 0035707105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new Meteorological Research Institute global ocean-atmosphere coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2)-Model climate and variability
    • Yukimoto S, Noda A, Kitoh A, Sugi M, Kitamura Y et al (2001) The new Meteorological Research Institute global ocean-atmosphere coupled GCM (MRI-CGCM2)-Model climate and variability. Pap Meteorol Geophys 51: 47-88.
    • (2001) Pap Meteorol Geophys , vol.51 , pp. 47-88
    • Yukimoto, S.1    Noda, A.2    Kitoh, A.3    Sugi, M.4    Kitamura, Y.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.