Socioeconomic factors and racial disparities in kidney disease outcomes

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 468-475

  Crews, Deidra C ^a,b   Pfaff, Teresa ^b,c   Powe, Neil R ^d  

^a DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; Chronic kidney disease; Poverty; Race; Social determinants; Socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; APOLIPOPROTEIN L1 GENE; ARTICLE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; COMMUNITY LIVING; CULTURAL FACTOR; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIFESTYLE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POVERTY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RACISM; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL NETWORK; SOCIAL STATUS; WORK ENVIRONMENT;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; POVERTY; RACE; SOCIAL DETERMINANTS; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 84885227338     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: 15584488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.07.008     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Hsu C.Y., Lin F., Vittinghoff E., Shlipak M.G. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003, 14:2902-2907.
2. McClellan W., Warnock D.G., McClure L., Campbell R.C., Newsome B.B., Howard V., et al. Racial differences in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:1710-1715.
3. Tarver-Carr M.E., Powe N.R., Eberhardt M.S., LaVeist T.A., Kington R.S., Coresh J., et al. Excess risk of chronic kidney disease among African-American versus white subjects in the United States: a population-based study of potential explanatory factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002, 13:2363-2370.
4. Crews D.C., Charles R.F., Evans M.K., Zonderman A.B., Powe N.R. Poverty, race, and CKD in a racially and socioeconomically diverse urban population. Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 55:992-1000.
5. McClellan W.M., Newsome B.B., McClure L.A., Howard G., Volkova N., Audhya P., et al. Poverty and racial disparities in kidney disease: the REGARDS study. Am J Nephrol 2010, 32:38-46.
6. Powe N.R. Let's get serious about racial and ethnic disparities. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:1271-1275.
7. DeNavas-Walt CP, Proctor BD, Smith JC. US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports, P60-243, income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2011. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 2012.
8. Coresh J., Wei G.L., McQuillan G., Brancati F.L., Levey A.S., Jones C., et al. Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Arch Intern Med 2001, 161:1207-1216.
9. Robbins J.M., Vaccarino V., Zhang H., Kasl S.V. Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes in African American and non-Hispanic white women and men: evidence from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Public Health 2001, 91:76-83.
10. Grabner M.B.M.I. trends, socioeconomic status, and the choice of dataset. Obes Facts 2012, 5:112-126.
11. Martins D., Tareen N., Zadshir A., Pan D., Vargas R., Nissenson A., et al. The association of poverty with the prevalence of albuminuria: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Kidney Dis 2006, 47:965-971.
12. Volkova N., McClellan W., Klein M., Flanders D., Kleinbaum D., Soucie J.M., et al. Neighborhood poverty and racial differences in ESRD incidence. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:356-364.
13. Crews D.C., McClellan W.M., Shoham D.A., Gao L.Y., Warnock D.G., Judd S., et al. Low income and albuminuria among REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study participants. Am J Kidney Dis 2012, 60:779-786.
14. Norris K., Nissenson A.R. Race, gender, and socioeconomic disparities in CKD in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:1261-1270.
15. Oakes J.M., Rossi P.H. The measurement of SES in health research: current practice and steps toward a new approach. Soc Sci Med 2003, 56:769-784.
16. Whittle J.C., Whelton P.K., Seidler A.J., Klag M.J. Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease?. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151:1359-1364.
17. Hall Y.N., Choi A.I., Chertow G.M., Bindman A.B. Chronic kidney disease in the urban poor. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 5:828-835.
18. Li S., McAlpine D.D., Liu J., Collins A.J. Differences between blacks and whites in the incidence of end-stage renal disease and associated risk factors. Adv Ren Replace Ther 2004, 11:5-13.
19. Karter A.J., Ferrara A., Liu J.Y., Moffet H.H., Ackerson L.M., Selby J.V. Ethnic disparities in diabetic complications in an insured population. JAMA 2002, 287:2519-2527.
20. Byrne C., Nedelman J., Luke R.G. Race, socioeconomic status, and the development of end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1994, 23:16-22.
21. Perneger T.V., Whelton P.K., Klag M.J. Race and end-stage renal disease. Socioeconomic status and access to health care as mediating factors. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1201-1208.
22. Young E.W., Mauger E.A., Jiang K.H., Port F.K., Wolfe R.A. Socioeconomic status and end-stage renal disease in the United States. Kidney Int 1994, 45:907-911.
23. Klag M.J., Whelton P.K., Randall B.L., Neaton J.D., Brancati F.L., Stamler J. End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men. 16-year MRFIT findings. JAMA 1997, 277:1293-1298.
24. Brancati F.L., Whittle J.C., Whelton P.K., Seidler A.J., Klag M.J. The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks. A population-based study of potential explanatory factors. JAMA 1992, 268:3079-3084.
25. Jolly S.E., Burrows N.R., Chen S.C., Li S., Jurkovitz C.T., Narva A.S., et al. Racial and ethnic differences in albuminuria in individuals with estimated GFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2): results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 55(Suppl 2):S15-S22.
26. McClellan W.M., Warnock D.G., Judd S., Muntner P., Kewalramani R., Cushman M., et al. Albuminuria and racial disparities in the risk for ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 22:1721-1728.
27. Peralta C.A., Ziv E., Katz R., Reiner A., Burchard E.G., Fried L., et al. African ancestry, socioeconomic status, and kidney function in elderly African Americans: a genetic admixture analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:3491-3496.
28. Hsu C.Y., Iribarren C., McCulloch C.E., Darbinian J., Go A.S. Risk factors for end-stage renal disease: 25-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2009, 169:342-350.
29. Ishani A., Grandits G.A., Grimm R.H., Svendsen K.H., Collins A.J., Prineas R.J., et al. Association of single measurements of dipstick proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hematocrit with 25-year incidence of end-stage renal disease in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:1444-1452.
30. Hemmelgarn B.R., Manns B.J., Lloyd A., James M.T., Klarenbach S., Quinn R.R., et al. Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes. JAMA 2010, 303:423-429.
31. Bruce M.A., Beech B.M., Crook E.D., Sims M., Wyatt S.B., Flessner M.F., et al. Association of socioeconomic status and CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2010, 55:1001-1008.
32. Hossain MP, Goyder EC, Rigby JE, El Nahas M. CKD and poverty: a growing global challenge. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53:166-74.
33. Merkin S.S., Coresh J., Diez Roux A.V., Taylor H.A., Powe N.R. Area socioeconomic status and progressive CKD: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 46:203-213.
34. Shoham D.A., Vupputuri S., Kaufman J.S., Kshirsagar A.V., Diez Roux A.V., Coresh J., et al. Kidney disease and the cumulative burden of life course socioeconomic conditions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Soc Sci Med 2008, 67:1311-1320.
35. Shoham D.A., Vupputuri S., Diez Roux A.V., Kaufman J.S., Coresh J., Kshirsagar A.V., et al. Kidney disease in life-course socioeconomic context: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2007, 49:217-226.
36. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health 2008, Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
37. Braveman P., Egerter S., Williams D.R. The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annu Rev Public Health 2011, 32:381-398.
38. Cuffee Y.L., Hargraves J.L., Allison J. Exploring the association between reported discrimination and hypertension among African Americans: a systematic review. Ethn Dis 2012, 22:422-431.
39. Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J Behav Med. 2009;32:20-47.
40. Lampert R., Ickovics J., Horwitz R., Lee F. Depressed autonomic nervous system function in African Americans and individuals of lower social class: a potential mechanism of race- and class-related disparities in health outcomes. Am Heart J 2005, 150:153-160.
41. Hemingway H., Shipley M., Brunner E., Britton A., Malik M., Marmot M. Does autonomic function link social position to coronary risk? The Whitehall II study. Circulation 2005, 111:3071-3077.
42. Liao D., Barnes R.W., Chambless L.E., Simpson R.J., Sorlie P., Heiss G.Age race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability--the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. Am J Cardiol 1995, 76:906-912.
43. Tsuji H., Larson M.G., Venditti F.J., Manders E.S., Evans J.C., Feldman C.L., et al. Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1996, 94:2850-2855.
44. Brotman D.J., Bash L.D., Qayyum R., Crews D., Whitsel E.A., Astor B.C., et al. Heart rate variability predicts ESRD and CKD-related hospitalization. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 21:1560-1570.
45. Silbergeld E.K., Weaver V.M. Exposure to metals: are we protecting the workers?. Occup Environ Med 2007, 64:141-142.
46. Navas-Acien A., Tellez-Plaza M., Guallar E., Muntner P., Silbergeld E., Jaar B., et al. Blood cadmium and lead and chronic kidney disease in US adults: a joint analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009, 170:1156-1164.
47. Lameire N., Van Biesen W., Vanholder R. The changing epidemiology of acute renal failure. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2006, 2:364-377.
48. Williams D.R., Collins C. Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Rep 2001, 116:404-416.
49. Kershaw K.N., Diez Roux A.V., Burgard S.A., Lisabeth L.D., Mujahid M.S., Schulz A.J. Metropolitan-level racial residential segregation and black-white disparities in hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 2011, 174:537-545.
50. Ludwig J., Sanbonmatsu L., Gennetian L., Adam E., Duncan G.J., Katz L.F., et al. Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes--a randomized social experiment. N Engl J Med 2011, 365:1509-1519.
51. Wesson D.E. Endothelins and kidney acidification. Contrib Nephrol 2011, 172:84-93.
52. Zanatta C.M., Gerchman F., Burttet L., Nabinger G., Jacques-Silva M.C., Canani L.H., et al. Endothelin-1 levels and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008, 80:299-304.
53. Seligman H.K., Bindman A.B., Vittinghoff E., Kanaya A.M., Kushel M.B. Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. J Gen Intern Med 2007, 22:1018-1023.
54. Block J.P., Scribner R.A., DeSalvo K.B. Fast food, race/ethnicity, and income: a geographic analysis. Am J Prev Med 2004, 27:211-217.
55. Mellen P.B., Gao S.K., Vitolins M.Z., Goff D.C. Deteriorating dietary habits among adults with hypertension: DASH dietary accordance, NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:308-314.
56. Svetkey L.P., Simons-Morton D., Vollmer W.M., Appel L.J., Conlin P.R., Ryan D.H., et al. Effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159:285-293.
57. Crews D.C., Light L., Shahinian V., Hedgeman E., Rios-Burrows N., Williams D., et al. Food insecurity and CKD in the United States [abstract]. Am J Kidney Dis 2012.
58. Goraya N., Simoni J., Jo C., Wesson D.E. Dietary acid reduction with fruits and vegetables or bicarbonate attenuates kidney injury in patients with a moderately reduced glomerular filtration rate due to hypertensive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2012, 81:86-93.
59. Uchino B.N. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J Behav Med 2006, 29:377-387.
60. Campbell K.E., Marsden P.V., Hurlbert J.S. Social resources and socioeconomic-status. Soc Networks 1986, 8:97-117.
61. Mujahid M.S., Diez Roux A.V., Morenoff J.D., Raghunathan T.E., Cooper R.S., Ni H., et al. Neighborhood characteristics and hypertension. Epidemiology 2008, 19:590-598.
62. Arcury T.A., Grzywacz J.G., Ip E.H., Saldana S., Nguyen H.T., Bell R.A., et al. Social integration and diabetes management among rural older adults. J Aging Health 2012, 24:899-922.
63. Victor R.G., Ravenell J.E., Freeman A., Leonard D., Bhat D.G., Shafiq M., et al. Effectiveness of a barber-based intervention for improving hypertension control in black men: the BARBER-1 study: a cluster randomized trial. Arch Intern Med 2011, 171:342-350.
64. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., Curtin L.R. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA 2010, 303:235-241.
65. McQuillan G.M., Kruszon-Moran D., Granade T., Feldman J.W. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in the US household population aged 18-49 years: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009, Epub ahead of print.
66. Coogan P.F., Cozier Y.C., Krishnan S., Wise L.A., Adams-Campbell L.L., Rosenberg L., et al. Neighborhood socioeconomic status in relation to 10-year weight gain in the Black Women's Health Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010, 18:2064-2065.
67. Johnson P., Risica P.M., Gans K.M., Kirtania U., Kumanyika S.K. Association of perceived racial discrimination with eating behaviors and obesity among participants of the SisterTalk study. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc 2012, 23:34-40.
68. Gebreab S.Y., Diez-Roux A.V., Hickson D.A., Boykin S., Sims M., Sarpong D.F., et al. The contribution of stress to the social patterning of clinical and subclinical CVD risk factors in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. Soc Sci Med 2012, 75:1697-1707.
69. Genovese G., Friedman D.J., Ross M.D., Lecordier L., Uzureau P., Freedman B.I., et al. Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science 2010, 329:841-845.
70. Bostrom MA, Freedman BI. The spectrum of MYH9-associated nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5:1107-13.
71. US Renal Data System. USRDS 2011 annual data report: atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease; 2011.
72. Kopp J.B., Nelson G.W., Sampath K., Johnson R.C., Genovese G., An P., et al. APOL1 genetic variants in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011, 22:2129-2137.
73. Crews D.C., Miller E.R., Powe N.R., Nalls M., Singleton A., Zonderman A., et al. Genetic ancestry, poverty and albuminuria among African Americans: the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) Study [abstract]. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, TH-PO091.
74. Walker J.D., Bending J.J., Dodds R.A., Mattock M.B., Murrells T.J., Keen H., et al. Restriction of dietary protein and progression of renal failure in diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1989, 2:1411-1415.
75. Levey A.S., Adler S., Caggiula A.W., England B.K., Greene T., Hunsicker L.G., et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Am J Kidney Dis 1996, 27:652-663.
76. Jacobs D.R., Gross M.D., Steffen L., Steffes M.W., Yu X., Svetkey L.P., et al. The effects of dietary patterns on urinary albumin excretion: results of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2009, 53:638-646.
77. Straznicky N.E., Grima M.T., Lambert E.A., Eikelis N., Dawood T., Lambert G.W., et al. Exercise augments weight loss induced improvement in renal function in obese metabolic syndrome individuals. J Hypertens 2011, 29:553-564.
78. Madhere S., Harrell J., Royal C.D. Social ecology, genomics, and African American health: a nonlinear dynamical perspective. J Black Psychol 2009, 35:154-179.
79. Evans K., Coresh J., Bash L.D., Gary-Webb T., Köttgen A., Carson K., et al. Race differences in access to health care and disparities in incident chronic kidney disease in the US. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011, 26:899-908.
80. Choi A.I., Karter A.J., Liu J.Y., Young B.A., Go A.S., Schillinger D. Ethnic differences in the development of albuminuria: the DISTANCE study. Am J Manag Care 2011, 17:737-745.
81. Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. Policies and strategies to promote equity in health. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization; 1991.