Poverty and racial disparities in kidney disease: The REGARDS study

American Journal of Nephrology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 38-46

  McClellan, William M ^a,b   Newsome, Britt B ^b   McClure, Leslie A ^c   Howard, George ^c   Volkova, Nataliya ^a   Audhya, Paul ^d   Warnock, David G ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^d AMGEN INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Poverty; Racial disparities

Indexed keywords

CREATININE;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FAMILY; FEMALE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INCOME; KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEGRO; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; BLOOD; CAUCASIAN; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; ECONOMICS; ETHNOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COMORBIDITY; CREATININE; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; HUMANS; INCOME; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 77952809350     PISSN: 02508095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000313883     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. US Renal Data System, USRDS 2004 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2004.
2. Whittle JC, Whelton PK, Seidler AJ, Klag MJ: Does racial variation in risk factors explain black-white differences in the incidence of hypertensive end-stage renal disease? Arch Intern Med 1991;151:1359-1364.
3. Brancati FL, Whittle JC, Whelton PK, Seidler AJ, Klag MJ: The excess incidence of diabetic end-stage renal disease among blacks. A population-based study of potential explanatory factors. JAMA 1992; 268:30793084.
4. Powe NR, Tarver-Carr ME, Eberhardt MS, Brancati FL: Receipt of renal replacement therapy in the United States: a population-based study of sociodemographic disparities from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42:249-255.
5. Klag MJ, Whelton PK, Randall BL, Neaton JD, Brancati FL, Stamler J: End-stage renal disease in African-American and white men. 16-year MRFIT findings. JAMA 1997;277: 1293-1298.
6. Tarver-Carr ME, Powe NR, Eberhardt MS, LaVeist TA, Kington RS, Coresh J, Brancati FL: Excess risk of chronic kidney disease among African-American versus white subjects in the United States: a population-based study of potential explanatory factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 2363-2370.
7. Krop JS, Coresh J, Chambless LE, Shahar E, Watson RL, Szklo M, Brancati FL: A community-based study of explanatory factors for the excess risk for early renal function decline in blacks vs. whites with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1777-1783.
8. Perneger TV, Whelton PK, Klag MJ: Race and end-stage renal disease. Socioeconomic status and access to health care as mediating factors. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:12011208.
9. Young EW, Mauger EA, Jiang KH, Port FK, Wolfe RA: Socioeconomic status and end-stage renal disease in the United States. Kidney Int 1994;45:907-911.
10. Volkova N, McClellan W, Klein M, Flanders D, Kleinbaum D, Soucie JM, Presley R: Neighborhood poverty and racial differences in ESRD incidence. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 356-364.
11. Byrne C, Nedelman J, Luke RG: Race, socioeconomic status, and the development of end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1994; 23: 16-22.
12. Clase CM, Garg AX, Kiberd BA: Prevalence of low glomerular filtration rate in nondia-betic Americans: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1338-1349.
13. Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, Eknoyan G, Levey AS: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41:1-12.
14. McClellan W, Warnock DG, McClure L, Campbell RC, Newsome BB, Howard V, Cushman M, Howard G: Racial differences in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 1710-1715. (Pubitemid 43794674)
15. Merkin SS, Coresh J, Roux AV, Taylor HA, Powe NR: Area socioeconomic status and progressive CKD: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46:203-213.
16. Howard VJ, Cushman M, Pulley L, Gomez CR, Go RC, Prineas RJ, Graham A, Moy CS, Howard G: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study: objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology 2005; 25:135-143.
17. Warnock DG, McClellan W, McClure LA, Newsome B, Campbell RC, Audhya P, Cush-man M, Howard VJ, Howard G: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and anemia among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study: baseline results. Kidney Int 2005; 68:1427-1431.
18. Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Marsh J, Stevens LA, Kusek JW, Van Lente F: Expressing the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate with standardized serum cre-atinine values. Clin Chem 2007; 53: 766-772.
19. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cen-tract
20. Kleinbaum DG, Klein M: Logistic Regression - A Self-Learning Text, ed 2. New York, Springer, 2002.
21. SAS Institute Inc., Version 8. Cary, SAS Institute Inc., 2000.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors - United States, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;56: 161-165.
23. Freedman BI, Parekh RS, Kao WH: Genetic basis of nondiabetic end-stage renal disease. Semin Nephrol 2010; 30:101-110.
24. Perneger TV, Brancati FL, Whelton PK, Klag MJ: Studying the causes of kidney disease in humans: a review of methodologic obstacles and possible solutions. Am J Kidney Dis 1995; 5: 722-731.
25. Hsu CY, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG: Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:2902-2907.
26. Choi AI, Rodriguez RA, Bacchetti P, Berten-thal D, Hernandez GT, O'Hare AM: White/ black racial differences in risk of end-stage renal disease and death. Am J Med 2009;122: 672-678.
27. Shoham DA, Vupputuri S, Kshirsagar AV: Chronic kidney disease and life course socioeconomic status: a review. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2005;12:56-63.
28. Franks P, Muennig P, Lubetkin E, Jia H: The burden of disease associated with being African-American in the United States and the contribution of socio-economic status. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62: 2469-2478.
29. Peralta CA, Ziv E, Katz R, Reiner A, Bur-chard EG, Fried L, Kwok PY, Psaty B, Shlipak M: African ancestry, socioeconomic status, and kidney function in elderly African Americans: a genetic admixture analysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006;17:3491-3496.
30. Merkin SS, Diez Roux AV, Coresh J, Fried LF, Jackson SA, Powe NR: Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and progressive chronic kidney disease in an elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65: 809-821.
31. Martins D, Tareen N, Zadshir A, Pan D, Vargas R, Nissenson A, Norris K: The association of poverty with the prevalence of albu-minuria: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47: 965-971.
32. Epstein WM: Response bias in opinion polls and American social welfare. Soc Sci J 2006; 43:99-110.
33. Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Soobader MJ, Subramanian SV, Carson R: Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 186-199.
34. Krieger N, Waterman PD, Chen JT, Soobader MJ, Subramanian SV: Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and violence: geo-coding and choice of area-based socioeconomic measures - the public health disparities geocoding project (US). Public Health Rep 2003; 118: 240-260.
35. Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Soobader MJ, Subramanian SV, Carson R: Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:471-482.
36. Crews DC, Charles RF, Evans MK, Zonder-man AB, Powe NR: Poverty, race, and CKD in a racially and socioeconomically diverse urban population. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55: 992-1000.