Design strategies for functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s and derived materials

Polymers

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 956-1011

  Rossegger, Elisabeth ^a,b   Schenk, Verena ^a,b   Wiesbrock, Frank ^a,b  

^a POLYMER COMPETENCE CENTER LEOBEN GMBH   (Austria)

^b GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Cationic ring opening polymerization; Poly(2 oxazoline)s; Polymeranalogous reactions; Telechelic end group functionalization

Indexed keywords

CATIONIC RING OPENING POLYMERIZATION; DERIVED MATERIALS; DESIGN STRATEGIES; END GROUPS; FUNCTIONALIZATIONS; POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S; POLYMER ANALOGOUS REACTION; SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES;

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS;

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84885157555     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/polym5030956     Document Type: Review

References (220)

1. Tomalia, D.A.; Sheetz, D.P. Homopolymerization of 2-alkyl- and 2-aryl-2-oxazolines. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 1966, 4, 2253-2265.
2. Seeliger, W.; Aufderhaar, E.; Diepers, W.; Feinauer, R.; Nehring, R.; Thier, W.; Hellmann, H. Recent syntheses and reactions of cyclic imidic esters. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1966, 5, 875-888.
3. Kagiya, T.; Narisawa, S.; Maeda, T.; Fukui, K. Ring-opening polymerisation of 2-substituted 2-oxazolines. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Lett. 1966, 4, 441-445.
4. Bassiri, T.G.; Levy, A.; Litt, M. Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers. I. Oxazolines. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Lett. 1967, 5, 871-879.
5. Ebner, C.; Bodner, T.; Stelzer, F.; Wiesbrock, F. One decade of microwave-assisted polymerizations: Quo vadis? Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32, 254-288.
6. Bodner, T.; Ellmaier, L.; Schenk, V.; Albering, J.; Wiesbrock, F. Delocalized p-electrons in 2-oxazoline rings resulting in negatively charged nitrogen atoms: Revealing the selectivity during the initiation of cationic ring-opening polymerizations. Polym. Int. 2011, 60, 1173-1179
7. Neu, M.; Fischer, D.; Kissel, T. Recent advances in rational gene transfer vector design based on poly(ethylene imine) and its derivatives. J. Gene Med. 2005, 7, 992-1009.
8. Jäger, M.; Schubert, S.; Ochrimenko, S.; Fischer, D.; Schubert, U.S. Branched and linear poly(ethylene imine)-based conjugates: Synthetic modification, characterization, and application. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 4755-4767.
9. Thünemann, A.F. Polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes (synthesis, structure, and material aspects). Prog. Polym. Sci. 2002, 27, 1473-1572.
10. Kelly, A.M.; Wiesbrock, F. Strategies for the synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline)-based hydrogels. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, 1632-1647.
11. Guillerm, B.; Monge, S.; Lapinte, V.; Robin, J.-J. How to modulate the chemical structure of polyoxazolines by appropriate functionalization. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, 1600-1612.
12. Luxenhofer, R.; Han, Y.; Schulz, A.; Tong, J.; He, Z.; Kabanov, A.V.; Jordan, R. Poly(2-oxazoline)s as polymer therapeutics. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, 1613-1631.
13. Hoogenboom, R. Poly(2-oxazoline)s: A polymer class with numerous potential applications. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7978-7994.
14. Hoogenboom, R.; Schlaad, H. Bioinspired poly(2-oxazoline)s. Polymers 2011, 3, 467-488.
15. Schlaad, H.; Diehl, C.; Gress, A.; Meyer, M.; Demirel, A.L.; Nur, Y.; Bertin, A. Poly(2-oxazoline)s as smart bioinspired polymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2010, 31, 511-525.
16. Kobayashi, S. Ethylenimine polymers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 1990, 15, 751-823.
17. Kobayashi, S.; Uyama, H. Poly(alkylenimine) derivatives: A variety of possible applications. Polym. News 1991, 16, 70-76.
18. Aoi, K.; Okada, M. Polymerization of oxazolines. Prog. Polym. Sci. 1996, 21, 151-208.
19. Kobayashi, S.; Uyama, H. Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers: From its discovery to the present state of the art. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2002, 40, 192-209.
20. Adams, N.; Schubert, U.S. Poly(2-oxazolines) in biological and biomedical application contexts. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2007, 59, 1504-1520.
21. Hoogenboom, R.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Schubert, U.S. Parallel kinetic investigation of 2-oxazoline polymerizations with different initiators as basis for designed copolymer synthesis. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 1830-1840.
22. Kourti, M.-E.; Vougioukalakis, G.C.; Hadjichristidis, N.; Pitsikalis, M. Metallocene-mediated cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl- and 2-phenyl-oxazoline. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2011, 49, 2520-2527.
23. Buzin, P.; Schwarz, G.; Kricheldorf, H.R. Cationic polymerizations of 2-alkyloxazolines catalyzed by bismuth salts. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 4777-4784.
24. Paulus, R.M.; Becer, C.R.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Acetyl halide initiator screening for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 794-800.
25. Guillerm, B.; Monge, S.; Lapinte, V.; Robin, J.-J. Novel investigations on kinetics and polymerization mechanism of oxazolines initiated by iodine. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 5964-5970.
26. Volet, G.; Amiel, C.; Auvray, L. Interfacial properties of a diblock amphiphilic copolymer: Poly(isobutylvinyl ether-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3327-3336.
27. Glaied, O.; Delaite, C.; Hurtrez, G.; Joubert, M.; Dumas, P. Oxazoline-terminated macromonomers by the alkylation of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2005, 43, 2440-2447.
28. Reif, M.; Jordan, R. α,ω-Functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s bearing hydroxyl and amino functions. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 212, 1815-1824.
29. Weber, C.; Becer, C.R.; Baumgaertel, A.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Preparation of methacrylate end-functionalized poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) macromonomers. Des. Monomers Polym. 2009, 12, 149-165.
30. Park, C.; McAlvin, J.E.; Fraser, C.L.; Thomas, E.L. Iron cluster and microstructure formation in metal-centered star block copolymers: Amphiphilic iron tris(bipyridine)-centered polyoxazolines. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 1225-1230.
31. Kempe, K.; Vollrath, A.; Schaefer, H.W.; Poehlmann, T.G.; Biskup, C.; Hoogenboom, R.; Hornig, S.; Schubert, U.S. Multifunctional poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles for biological applications. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 31, 1869-1873.
32. Gaertner, F.C.; Luxenhofer, R.; Blechert, B.; Jordan, R.; Essler, M. Synthesis, biodistribution and excretion of radiolabeled poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. J. Contr. Rel. 2007, 119, 291-300.
33. Obeid, R.; Park, J.-Y.; Advincula, R.C.; Winnik, F.M. Temperature-dependent interfacial properties of hydrophobically end-modified poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)s assemblies at the air/water interface and on solid substrates. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2009, 340, 142-152.
34. Obeid, R.; Maltseva, E.; Thünemann, A.F.; Tanaka, F.; Winnik, F.M. Temperature response of self-assembled micelles of telechelic hydrophobically modified poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s in water. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2204-2214.
35. Volet, G.; Chanthavong, V.; Wintgens, V.; Amiel, C. Synthesis of monoalkyl end-capped poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and its micelle formation in aqueous solution. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5190-5197.
36. Volet, G.; Deschamps, A.-C.L.; Amiel, C. Association of hydrophobically α,ω-end-capped poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) in water. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 2477-2485.
37. Volet, G.; Amiel, C. Polyoxazoline adsorption on silica nanoparticles mediated by host-guest interactions. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2012, 91, 269-273.
38. Volet, G.; Auvray, L.; Amiel, C. Monoalkyl poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) micelles. A small-angle neutron scattering study. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13536-13544.
39. Li, J.; Yan, D.; Jiang, X.; Chen, Q. Formation of the crystalline inclusion complex between γ-cyclodextrin and poly(N-acetylethylenimine). Polymer 2002, 43, 2625-2629.
40. Huber, S.; Hutter, N.; Jordan, R. Effect of end group polarity upon the lower critical solution temperature of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline). Colloid Polym. Sci. 2008, 286, 1653-1661.
41. Correia, V.G.; Bonifácio, V.D.B.; Raje, V.P.; Casimiro, T.; Moutinho, G.; da Silva, C.L.; Pinho, M.G.; Aguiar-Ricardo, A. Oxazoline-based antimicrobial oligomers: Synthesis by CROP using supercritical CO2. Macromol. Biosci. 2011, 11, 1128-1137.
42. Waschinski, C.J.; Tiller, J.C. Poly(oxazoline)s with telechelic antimicrobial functions. Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 235-243.
43. Waschinski, C.J.; Barnert, S.; Theobald, A.; Schubert, R.; Kleinschmidt, F.; Hoffmann, A.; Saalwächter, K.; Tiller, J.C. Insights in the antibacterial action of poly(methyloxazoline)s with a biocidal end group and varying satellite groups. Biomacromolecules 2008, 9, 1764-1771.
44. Waschinski, C.J.; Herdes, V.; Schueler, F.; Tiller, J.C. Influence of satellite groups on telechelic antimicrobial functions of polyoxazolines. Macromol. Biosci. 2005, 5, 149-156.
45. Chiper, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. New terpyridine macroligands as potential synthons for supramolecular assemblies. Eur. Polym. J. 2010, 46, 260-269.
46. Mero, A.; Fang, Z.; Pasut, G.; Veronese, F.M.; Viegas, T.X. Selective conjugation of poly(2-ethyl 2-oxazoline) to granulocyte colony stimulating factor. J. Contr. Rel. 2012, 159, 353-361.
47. Ogoshi, T.; Hiramitsu, S.; Yamagishi, T.; Nakamoto, Y. Columnar stacks of star- and tadpole-shaped polyoxazolines having triphenylene moiety and their applications for synthesis of wire-assembled gold nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 3042-3047.
48. Brissault, B.; Kichler, A.; Leborgne, C.; Jarroux, N.; Cheradame, H.; Guis, C. Amphiphilic poly[(propylene glycol)-block-(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)] copolymers for gene transfer in skeletal muscle. ChemMedChem 2007, 2, 1202-1207.
49. Stoenescu, R.; Meier, W. Vesicles with asymmetric membranes from amphiphilic ABC triblock copolymers. Chem. Commun. 2002, 3016-3017.
50. Fijten, M.W.M.; Haensch, C.; van Lankvelt, B.M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Clickable poly(2-oxazoline)s as versatile building blocks. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 1887-1895.
51. Haensch, C.; Erdmenger, T.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Hoeppener, S.; Schubert, U.S. Fast surface modification by microwave assisted click reactions on silicon substrates. Langmuir 2009, 25, 8019-8024.
52. Jerca, V.V.; Nicolescu, F.A.; Vasilescu, D.S.; Albu, A.M.; Vuluga, D.M. Synthesis and structure of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline macromonomers with styryl end-groups. U.P.B. Sci. Bull. B 2009, 71, 29-36.
53. Volet, G.; Lav, T.-X.; Babinot, J.; Amiel, C. Click-chemistry: An alternative way to functionalize poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 212, 118-124.
54. Alemseghed, M.G.; Servello, J.; Hundt, N.; Sista, P.; Biewer, M.C.; Stefan, M.C. Amphiphilic block copolymers containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2010, 211, 1291-1297.
55. Glassner, M.; Kempe, K.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Barner-Kowollik, C. One-pot synthesis of cyclopentadienyl endcapped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and subsequent ambient temperature Diels-Alder conjugations. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 10620-10622.
56. Lüdtke, K.; Jordan, R.; Hommes, P.; Nuyken, O.; Naumann, C.A. Lipopolymers from new 2-substituted-2-oxazolines for artificial cell membrane constructs. Macromol. Biosci. 2005, 5, 384-393.
57. Mero, A.; Pasut, G.; Dalla Via, L.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Veronese, F.M. Synthesis and characterization of poly(2-ethyl 2-oxazoline)-conjugates with proteins and drugs: Suitable alternatives to PEG-conjugates? J. Contr. Rel. 2008, 125, 87-95.
58. Tong, J.; Luxenhofer, R.; Yi, X.; Jordan, R.; Kabanov, A.V. Protein modification with amphiphilic block copoly(2-oxazoline)s as a new platform for enhanced cellular delivery. Mol. Pharm. 2010, 7,. 984-992.
59. Konieczny, S.; Fik, C.P.; Averesch, N.J.H.; Tiller, J.C. Organosoluble enzyme conjugates with poly(2-oxazoline)s via pyromellitic acid dianhydride. J. Biotechnol. 2012, 159, ???-???.
60. Caponi, P.F.; Qiu, X.-P.; Vilela, F.; Winnik, F.M.; Ulijn, R.V. Phosphatase/temperature responsive poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline). Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 306-308.
61. Wang, C.-H.; Hwang, Y.-S.; Chiang, P.-R.; Shen, C.-R.; Hong, W.-H.; Hsiue, G.-H. Extended release of bevacizumab by thermosensitive biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2012, 13, 40-48.
62. Tarvainen, T.; Karjalainen, T.; Malin, M.; Peräkorpi, K.; Tuominen, J.; Seppälä, J.; Järvinen, K. Drug release profiles from and degradation of a novel biodegradable polymer, 2,2-bis(2-oxazoline) linked poly(e-caprolactone). Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2002, 16, 323-331.
63. Pulkkinen, M.; Malin, M.; Tarvainen, T.; Saarimäki, T.; Seppälä, J.; Järvinen, K. Effects of block length on the enzymatic degradation and erosion of oxazoline linked poly-e-caprolactone. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2007, 31, 119-128.
64. Tarvainen, T.; Malin, M.; Suutari, T.; Pöllänen, M.; Tuominen, J.; Seppälä, J.; Järvinen, K. Pancreatin enhanced erosion of and macromolecule release from 2,2-bis(2-oxazoline)-linked poly(e-caprolactone). J. Contr. Rel. 2003, 86, 213-222.
65. Lee, S.C.; Kim, C.; Kwon, I.C.; Chung, H.; Jeong, S.Y. Polymeric micelles of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) copolymer as a carrier for paclitaxel. J. Contr. Rel. 2003, 89, 437-446.
66. Wang, X.; Li, X.; Zhou, Y.; Fan, C.; Li, W.; Ma, S.; Fan, Y.; Huang, Y.; Li, N.; Liu, Y. Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(D,L-lactide)- poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) hydrogels. Acta Biomater. 2007, 7, 4149-4159.
67. Tarvainen, T.; Karjalainen, T.; Malin, M.; Pohjolainen, S.; Tuominen, J.; Seppälä, J.; Järvinen, K. Degradation of and drug release from a novel 2,2'-bis(2-oxazoline) linked poly(lactic acid) polymer. J. Contr. Rel. 2002, 81, 251-261.
68. Hsiue, G.-H.; Wang, C.-H.; Lo, C.-L.; Wang, C.-H.; Li, J.-P.; Yang, J.-L. Environmental-sensitive micelles based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(L-lactide) diblock copolymer for application in drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2006, 317, 69-75.
69. Wang, C.-H.; Hsiue, G.-H. New amphiphilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(L-lactide) triblock copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2003, 4, 1487-1490.
70. Wang, C.-H.; Wang, C.-H.; Hsiue, G.-H. Polymeric micelles with a pH-responsive structure as intracellular drug carriers. J. Contr. Rel. 2005, 108, 140-149.
71. Obeid, R.; Scholz, C. Synthesis and self-assembly of well-defined poly(amino acid) endcapped poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline). Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 3797-3804.
72. Kuo, S.-W.; Lee, H.-F.; Huang, C.-F.; Huang, C.-J.; Chang, F.-C. Synthesis and self-assembly of helical polypeptide-random coil amphiphilic diblock copolymer. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 3108-3119.
73. Meyer, M.; Schlaad, H. Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-poly(L-glutamate) block copolymers through ammonium-mediated NCA polymerization. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3967-3970.
74. Yang, Y.; Kataoka, K.; Winnik, F.M. Synthesis of diblock copolymers consisting of hyaluronan and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). Macromolecules 2005, 38, 2043-2046.
75. Wang, C.-H.; Wang, W.T.; Hsiue, G.-H. Development of polyion complex micelles for encapsulating and delivering amphotericin B. Biomaterials 2009, 30, 3352-3358.
76. Lemechko, P.; Renard, E.; Volet, G.; Colin, C.S.; Guezennec, J.; Langlois, V. Functionalized oligoesters from poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s containing reactive end group for click chemistry: Application to novel copolymer synthesis with poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline). React. Funct. Polym. 2012, 72, 160-167.
77. Celebi, O.; Lee, C.H.; Lin, Y.; McGrath, J.E.; Riffle, J.S. Synthesis and characterization of polyoxazoline-polysulfone triblock copolymers. Polymer 2011, 52, 4718-4726.
78. Isaacman, M.J.; Barron, K.A.; Theogarajan, L.S. Clickable amphiphilic triblock copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2012, 50, 2319-2329.
79. Halacheva, S.; Price, G.J.; Garamus, V.M. Effects of temperature and polymer composition upon the aqueous solution properties of comblike linear poly(ethylene imine)/poly(2-ethyl-2- oxazoline)-based polymers. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 7394-7404.
80. Nèry, L.; Lefebvre, H.; Fradet, A. Chain extension of carboxy-terminated aliphatic polyamides and polyesters by arylene and pyridylene bisoxazolines. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2004, 205, 448-455.
81. Stadermann, J.; Komber, H.; Erber, M.; Däbritz, F.; Ritter, H.; Voit, B. Diblock copolymer formation via self-assembly of cyclodextrin and adamantyl end-functionalized polymers. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 3250-3259.
82. Li, Y.; Giles, M.D.; Liu, S.; Laurent, B.A.; Hoskins, J.N.; Cortez, M.A.; Sreerama, S.G.; Gibb, B.C.; Grayson, S.M. A versatile and modular approach to functionalisation of deep-cavity cavitands via ''click'' chemistry. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 9036-9038.
83. Ibrahim, S.; Voit, B. Synthesis and characterization of well-defined block copolymers by combining controlled radical and cationic polymerization. Macromol. Symp. 2009, 275-276, 59-66.
84. Becer, C.R.; Paulus, R.M.; Höppener, S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Fustin, C.-A.; Gohy, J.-F.; Schubert, U.S. Synthesis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(styrene) copolymers via a dual initiator route combining cationic ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromolecules 2008, 41, 5210-5215.
85. Weber, C.; Krieg, A.; Paulus, R.M.; Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Becer, C.R.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Thermal properties of oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) containing comb and graft copolymers and their aqueous solutions. Macromol. Symp. 2011, 308, 17-24.
86. Krieg, A.; Weber, C.; Hoogenboom, R.; Becer, C.R.; Schubert, U.S. Block copolymers of poly(2-oxazoline)s and poly(meth)acrylates: A crossover between cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). ACS Macro. Lett. 2012, 1, 776-779.
87. Marx, L.; Volet, G.; Amiel, C. Well-defined polyoxazoline-based alkoxyamines as efficient macroinitiators in nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of styrene. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2011, 49, 4785-4793.
88. Jerca, V.V.; Nicolescu, F.A.; Vasilescu, D.S.; Vuluga, D.M. Synthesis of a new oxazoline macromonomer for dispersion polymerization. Polym. Bull. 2011, 66, 785-796.
89. Young, R.A.; Malins, E.L.; Becer, C.R. Investigations on the combination of cationic ring opening polymerization and single electron transfer living radical polymerization to synthesize 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline block copolymers. Aust. J. Chem. 2012, 65, 1132-1138.
90. Cabrera, A.; Böhme, L.M.; Schmidt-Naake, G. Modification of polyacrylonitrile particles and grafted films with oxazolines. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2005, 206, 499-503.
91. Cabrera, A.; Schmidt-Naake, G. Cationic grafting of oxazolyl copolymers with 2-methyl and 2-phenyl oxazoline. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2004, 205, 95-100.
92. Zhang, N.; Luxenhofer, R.; Jordan, R. Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline) molecular brushes by living ionic polymerization: Kinetic investigations of pendant chain grafting and cloud point modulation by backbone and side chain length variation. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 213, 973-981.
93. Zhang, N.; Huber, S.; Schulz, A.; Luxenhofer, R.; Jordan, R. Cylindrical molecular brushes of poly(2-oxazoline)s from 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2215-2221.
94. Shi, J.-H.; Yang, B.-X.; Goh, S.H. Covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) by reactive melt blending. Eur. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 1002-1008.
95. Jerca, V.V.; Nicolescu, F.A.; Baran, A.; Anghel, D.F.; Vasilescu, D.S.; Vuluga, D.M. Synthesis and characterization of side-chain oxazoline-methyl methacrylate copolymers bearing azo-dye. React. Funct. Polym. 2010, 70, 827-835.
96. Weber, C.; Neuwirth, T.; Kempe, K.; Ozkahraman, B.; Tamahkar, E.; Mert, H.; Becer, C.R.; Schubert, U.S. 2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline: A versatile monomer for functionalization of polymers obtained via RAFT. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 20-27.
97. Zhang, N.; Steenachers, M.; Luxenhofer, R.; Jordan, R. Bottle-brush brushes: Cylindrical molecular brushes of poly(2-oxazoline) on glassy carbon. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 5345-5351.
98. Zhang, N.; Pompe, T.; Amin, I.; Luxenhofer, R.; Werner, C.; Jordan, R. Tailored poly(2-oxazoline) polymer brushes to control protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Macromol. Biosci. 2012, 12, 926-936.
99. Hutter, N.A.; Reitinger, A.; Zhang, N.; Steenackers, M.; Williams, O.A.; Garrido, J.A.; Jordan, R. Microstructured poly(2-oxazoline) bottle-brush brushes on nanocrystalline diamond. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 4360-4366.
100. Lee, J.-H.; An, Y.-C.; Choi, D.-S.; Lee, M.-J.; Kim, K.-M.; Lim, J.-H. Fabrication of a nano-porous polyoxazoline-coated tip for scanning probe nanolithography. Macromol. Symp. 2007, 249-250, 307-311.
101. Karagoz, B.; Gunes, D.; Bicak, N. Preparation of crosslinked poly(2-bromoethyl methacrylate) microspheres and decoration of their surfaces with functional polymer brushes. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2010, 211, 1999-2007.
102. Yuan, J.; ten Brummelhuis, N.; Junginger, M.; Xie, Z.; Lu, Y.; Taubert, A.; Schlaad, H. Diversified applications of chemically modified 1,2-polybutadiene. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32, 1157-1162.
103. Rueda, J.C.; Zschoche, S.; Komber, H.; Krahl, F.; Arndt, K.-F.; Voit, B. New thermo-sensitive graft copolymers based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) backbone and functional polyoxazoline grafts with random and diblock structure. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2010, 211, 706-716.
104. Rueda, J.; Zschoche, S.; Komber, H.; Schmaljohann, D.; Voit, B. Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive graft copolymers of NIPAAm and 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines by the "grafting from" method. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7330-7336.
105. Zschoche, S.; Rueda, J.C.; Binner, M.; Komber, H.; Janke, A.; Arndt, K.-F.; Lehmann, S.; Voit, B. Reversibly switchable pH- and thermoresponsive core-shell nanogels based on poly(NiPAAm)-graft-poly(2-carboxyethyl-2-oxazoline)s. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 213, 215-226.
106. Zschoche, S.; Rueda, J.; Boyko, V.; Krahl, F.; Arndt, K.-F.; Voit, B. Thermo-responsive nanogels based on poly[NIPAAm-graft-(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)]s crosslinked in the micellar state. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2011, 211, 1035-1042.
107. Guillerm, B.; Darcos, V.; Lapinte, V.; Monge, S.; Coudane, J.; Robin, J.-J. Synthesis and evaluation of triazole-linked poly(e-caprolactone)-graft-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) copolymers as potential drug carriers. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2879-2881.
108. Weber, C.; Becer, C.R.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Lower critical solution temperature behavior of comb and graft shaped poly[oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)methacrylate]s. Macromolecules 2009, 42, 2965-2971.
109. Weber, C.; Becer, C.R.; Guenther, W.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Dual responsive methacrylic acid and oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) containing graft copolymers. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 160-167.
110. Konradi, R.; Pidhatika, B.; Mühlebach, A.; Textor, M. Poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline: A peptide-like polymer for protein-repellent surfaces. Langmuir 2008, 24, 613-616.
111. Poe, G.D.; McCormick, C.L. Synthesis, complex formation, and dilute-solution associative behavior of linear poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 2520-2533.
112. Li, L.; Zheng, S. Poly(ethylene imine)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) brush-like copolymers: Preparation, thermal properties, and selective supramolecular inclusion complexation with a-cyclodextrin. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2008, 46, 2296-2306.
113. Pidhatika, B.; Möller, J.; Benetti, E.M.; Konradi, R.; Rakhmatullina, E.; Mühlebach, A.; Zimmermann, R.; Werner, C.; Vogel, V.; Textor, M. The role of the interplay between polymer architecture and bacterial surface properties on the microbial adhesion to polyoxazoline-based ultrathin films. Biomaterials 2010, 31, 9462-9472.
114. Pidhatika, B.; Rodenstein, M.; Chen, Y.; Rakhmatullina, E.; Mühlebach, A.; Acikgöz, C.; Textor, M.; Konradi, R. Comparative stability studies of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol) brush coatings. Biointerphases 2012, 7, 1-15.
115. Agrawal, M.; Rueda, J.C.; Uhlmann, P.; Müller, M.; Simon, F.; Stamm, M. Facile approach to grafting of poly(2-oxazoline) brushes on macroscopic surfaces and applications thereof. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 1357-1364.
116. Rehfeldt, F.; Tanaka, M.; Pagnoni, L.; Jordan, R. Static and dynamic swelling of grafted poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. Langmuir 2002, 18, 4908-4914.
117. Luxenhofer, R.; Bezen, M.; Jordan, R. Kinetic investigations on the polymerization of 2-oxazolines using pluritriflate initiators. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2008, 29, 1509-1513.
118. Hoogenboom, R.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Kickelbick, G.; Schubert, U.S. Synthesis and crystal structures of multifunctional tosylates as basis for star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 773-783.
119. Kowalczuk, A.; Kronek, J.; Bosowska, K.; Trzebicka, B.; Dworak, A. Star poly(2-ethyl-2- oxazoline)s-synthesis and thermosensitivity. Polym. Int. 2011, 60, 1001-1009.
120. Adeli, M.; Kalantari, M.; Zarnega, Z.; Kabiri, R. Cyclodextrin-based dendritic supramolecules; new multivalent nanocarriers. RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 2756-2758.
121. Adeli, M.; Zarnegar, Z. Linear-dendritic copolymers as nanocatalysts. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009, 113, 2072-2080.
122. Adeli, M.; Zarnegar, Z.; Kabiri, R. Amphiphilic star copolymers containing cyclodextrin core and their application as nanocarrier. Eur. Polym. J. 2008, 44, 1921-1930.
123. Heller, M.; Schubert, U.S. Terpyridines as supramolecular initiators for living polymerization methods. Macromol. Symp. 2002, 177, 87-96.
124. Fiore, G.L.; Edwards, J.M.; Payne, S.J.; Klinkenberg, J.L.; Gioeli, D.G.; Demas, J.N.; Fraser, C.L. Ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine)-centered poly(ethylenimine) for gene delivery. Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 2829-2835.
125. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R. Star-shaped poly(2-oxazoline)s by dendrimer endcapping. Aust. J. Chem. 2011, 64, 1026-1032.
126. Jeerupan, J.; Ogoshi, T.; Hiramitsu, S.; Umeda, K.; Nemoto, T.; Konishi, G.; Yamagishi, T.; Nakamoto, Y. Star-shaped poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) using by reactive bromoethyl group modified calix[4]resorcinarene as a macrocyclic initiator. Polym. Bull. 2008, 59, 731-737.
127. Wen, Y.; Jiang, X.; Liu, R.; Yin, J. Amphipathic hyperbranched polymeric thioxanthone photoinitiators (AHPTXs): Synthesis, characterization and photoinitiated polymerization. Polymer 2009, 50, 3917-3923.
128. Clausnitzer, C.; Voit, B.; Komber, H.; Voigt, D. Poly(ether amide) dendrimers via nucleophilic ring-opening addition reactions of phenol groups toward oxazolines: Synthesis and characterization. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 7065-7074.
129. Däbritz, F.; Lederer, A.; Komber, H.; Voit, B. Synthesis and characterization of two classes of hyperstar polymers bearing hyperbranched cores grafted with linear arms. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2012, 50, 1979-1990.
130. Guerrero-Sanchez, C.; Lobert, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Microwave-assisted homogeneous polymerizations in water-soluble ionic liquids: An alternative and green approach for polymer synthesis. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 456-464.
131. De Macedo, C.V.; da Silva, M.S.; Casimiro, T.; Cabrita, E.J.; Aguiar-Ricardo, A. Boron trifluoride catalyzed polymerisation of 2-substituted-2-oxazolines in supercritical carbon dioxide. Green Chem. 2007, 9, 948-953.
132. Kempe, K.; Lobert, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Screening the synthesis of 2-substituted-2-oxazolines. J. Comb. Chem. 2009, 11, 274-280.
133. Kempe, K.; Lobert, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Synthesis and characterization of a series of diverse poly(2-oxazoline)s. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 3829-3838.
134. Rettler, E.F.-J.; Kranenburg, J.M.; Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of poly(2-N-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2012, 211, 2443-2448.
135. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; van Kuringen, H.P.C.; van der Put, J.P.W.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R. Temperature induced solubility transitions of various poly(2-oxazoline)s in ethanol-water solvent mixtures. Polymers 2010, 2, 188-199.
136. Cortez, M.A.; Grayson, S.M. Thiol-ene click functionalization and subsequent polymerization of 2-oxazoline monomers. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4081-4090.
137. Takasu, A.; Kojima, H. Synthesis and ring-opening polymerizations of novel S-glycooxazolines. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 5953-5960.
138. Diab, C.; Akiyama, Y.; Kataoka, K.; Winnik, F.M. Microcalorimetric study of the temperature-induced phase separation in aqueous solutions of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazolines). Macromolecules 2004, 37, 2556-2562.
139. Katsumoto, V.; Tsuchiizu, A.; Qiu, X.-P.; Winnik, F.M. Dissecting the mechanism of the heat-induced phase separation and crystallization of poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) in water through vibrational spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculations. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 3531-3541.
140. Demirel, A.L.; Meyer, M.; Schlaad, H. Formation of polyamide nanofibers by directional crystallization in aqueous solution. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8622-8624.
141. Bloksma, M.M.; Weber, C.; Perevyazko, I.Y.; Kuse, A.; Baumgärtel, A.; Vollrath, A.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline): From rate acceleration by cyclopropyl to thermoresponsive properties. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 4057-4064.
142. Kempe, K.; Jacobs, S.; Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Fijten, M.M.W.M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Rational design of an amorphous poly(2-oxazoline) with a low glass-transition temperature: Monomer synthesis, copolymerization, and properties. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4098-4104.
143. Diehl, C.; Dambowsky, I.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schlaad, H. Self-assembly of poly(2-alkyl-2- oxazoline)s by crystallization in ethanol-water mixtures below the upper critical solution temperature. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32, 1753-1758.
144. Hoogenboom, R.; Thijs, H.M.L.; Jochems, M.J.H.C.; van Lankvelt, B.M.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Schubert, U.S. Tuning the LCST of poly(2-oxazoline)s by varying composition and molecular weight: Alternatives to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)? Chem. Commun. 2008, doi:10.1039/B813140F.
145. Hruby, M.; Filippov, S.K.; Panek, J.; Novakova, M.; Mackova, H.; Kucka, J.; Vetvicka, D.; Ulbrich, K. Polyoxazoline thermoresponsive micelles as radionuclide delivery systems. Macromol. Biosci. 2010, 10, 916-924.
146. Pánek, J.; Filippov, S.K.; Hrubý, M.; Rabyk, M.; Bogomolova, A.; Kučka, J.; Štěpánek, P. Thermoresponsive nanoparticles based on poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s and pluronic F127. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 1683-1689.
147. Bloksma, M.M.; Bakker, D.J.; Weber, C.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. The effect of Hofmeister salts on the LCST transition of poly(2-oxazoline)s with varying hydrophilicity. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2010, 31, 724-728.
148. Rattanatraicharoen, P.; Shintaku, K.; Yamabuki, K.; Oishi, T.; Onimura, K. Synthesis and chiroptical properties of helical poly(phenylacetylene) bearing optically active chiral oxazoline pendants. Polymer 2012, 53, 2567-2573.
149. Rattanatraicharoen, P.; Yamabuki, K.; Oishi, T.; Onimura, K. Synthesis and characterization of optically active poly(phenylene-ethynylene)s containing chiral oxazoline derivatives. Polym. J. 2012, 44, 224-231.
150. Fu, Z.; Xi, X.; Jiang, L.; Shen, Z. Optically active polymethacrylamides bearing a bulky oxazoline pendant: Synthesis and characterization. React. Funct. Polym. 2007, 67, 636-643.
151. Xi, X.; Jiang, L.; Sun, W.; Shen, Z. Synthesis and anionic polymerization of optically active N-phenylmaleimides bearing bulky oxazoline substituents. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41, 2592-2601.
152. Lou, L.; Jiang, L.; Sun, W.; Shen, Z. A novel optically active diblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly[N-{o-(4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl}maleimide]: Synthesis, micellization behavior, and chiroptical property. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 1025-1033.
153. Goto, H.; Okamoto, Y.; Yashima, E. Solvent-induced chiroptical changes in supramolecular assemblies of an optically active, regioregular polythiophene. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 4590-4601.
154. Goto, H.; Okamoto, Y.; Yashima, E. Metal-induced supramolecular chirality in an optically active polythiophene aggregate. Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 4027-4036.
155. Bloksma, M.M.; Hendrix, M.M.R.M.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R. Ordered chiral structures in the crystals of main-chain chiral poly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 4654-4659.
156. Bloksma, M.M.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R. Main-chain chiral copoly(2-oxazoline)s. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 203-208.
157. Wiesbrock, F.; Hoogenboom, R.; Leenen, M.A.M.; Meier, M.A.R; Schubert, U.S. Investigation of the living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, 2-nonyl-, and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline in a single-mode microwave reactor. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 5025-5034.
158. 2-membered library of diblock copoly(2-oxazoline)s and chain-extended homo poly(2-oxazoline)s and their thermal characterization. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7957-7966.
159. Hoogenboom, R.; Wiesbrock, F.; Huang, H.; Leenen, M.A.; Thijs, H.M.; van Nispen, S.F.; van der Loop, M.; Fustin, C.-A.; Jonas, A.M.; Gohy, J.-F.; Schubert, U.S. Microwave-assisted cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines: A powerful method for the synthesis of amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 4719-4725.
160. Wiesbrock, F.; Hoogenboom, R.; Leenen, M.A.; Thijs, H.M.; Huang, H.; Fustin, C.-A.; Guillet, P.; Gohy, J.-F.; Schubert, U.S. Synthesis and aqueous micellization of amphiphilic tetrablock copoly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 2837-2843.
161. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Jochems, M.J.H.C.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Synthesis and properties of gradient copolymers based on 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline and 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2009, 47, 6433-6440.
162. Hoogenboom, R.; Thijs, H.M.L.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Van Lankvelt, B.M.; Schubert, U.S. One-pot synthesis of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline-containing quasi-diblock copoly(2-oxazoline)s under microwave irradiation. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 416-422.
163. Kranenburg, J.M.; Thijs, H.M.L.; Tweedie, C.A.; Hoeppener, S.; Wiesbrock, F.; Hoogenboom, R.; Van Vliet, K.J.; Schubert, U.S. Correlating the mechanical and surface properties with the composition of triblock copoly(2-oxazoline)s. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 222-229.
164. Fustin, C.-A.; Thijs-Lambermont, H.M.L.; Hoeppener, S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S.; Gohy, J.-F. Multiple micellar morphologies from tri- and tetrablock copoly(2-oxazoline)s in binary water-ethanol mixtures. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 3095-3102.
165. Trzebicka, B.; Koseva, N.; Mitova, V.; Dworak, A. Organization of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)- block-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) copolymers in water solution. Polymer 2010, 51, 2486-2493.
166. Fustin, C.-A.; Lefèvre, N.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S.; Gohy, J.-F. Micellization of poly(2-oxazoline)-based quasi-diblock copolymers on surfaces. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2007, 208, 2026-2031.
167. Kumm, C.; Fik, C.P.; Meuris, M.; Dropalla, G.J.; Geltenpoth, H.; Sickmann, A.; Tiller, J.C. Well-defined amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) ABA-triblock copolymers and their aggregation behavior in aqueous solution. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 1677-1682.
168. Takahashi, R.; Sato, T.; Terao, K.; Qiu, X.-P.; Winnik, F.M. Self-association of a thermosensitive poly(alkyl-2-oxazoline) block copolymer in aqueous solution. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 6111-6119.
169. Casse, O.; Shkilnyy, A.; Linders, J.; Mayer, C.; Häussinger, D.; Völkel, A.; Thünemann, A.F.; Dimova, R.; Cölfen, H.; Meier, W.; et al. Solution behavior of double-hydrophilic block copolymers in dilute aqueous solution. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 4772-4777.
170. Trinh, L.T.T.; Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Kjoniksen, A.-L. Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers exhibiting two cloud points: Complex multistep assembly behavior. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 4337-4345
171. Fustin, C.A.; Lefèvre, N.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S.; Gohy, J.-F. Surface micellization of poly(2-oxazoline)s based copolymers containing a crystallizable block. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2009, 332, 91-95.
172. Ivanova, R.; Komenda, T.; Bonné, T.B.; Lüdtke, K.; Mortensen, K.; Pranzas, P.K.; Jordan, R.; Papadakis, C.M. Micellar structures of hydrophilic/lipophilic and hydrophilic/fluorophilic poly(2-oxazoline) diblock copolymers in water. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2008, 209, 2248-2258.
173. Kotre, T.; Zarka, M.T.; Krause, J.O.; Buchmeiser, M.R.; Weberskirch, R.; Nuyken, O. Design and application of amphiphilic polymeric supports for micellar catalysis. Macromol. Symp. 2004, 217, 203-214.
174. Nuyken, O.; Persigehl, P.; Weberskirch, R. Amphiphilic poly(oxazoline)s-synthesis and application for micellar catalysis. Macromol. Symp. 2002, 177, 163-173.
175. Huang, H.; Hoogenboom, R.; Leenen, M.A.M.; Guillet, P.; Jonas, A.M.; Schubert, U.S.; Gohy, J.-F. Solvent-induced morphological transition in core-cross-linked block copolymer micelles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3784-3788.
176. Bonné, T.B.; Lüdtke, K.; Jordan, R.; Papadakis, C.M. Effect of polymer architecture of amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) copolymers on the aggregation and aggregate structure. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2007, 208, 1402-1408.
177. Guerrero-Sanchez, C.; Gohy, J.-F.; D'Haese, C.; Thijs, H.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Controlled thermoreversible transfer of poly(oxazoline) micelles between an ionic liquid and water. Chem. Commun. 2008, 2753-2755.
178. Kempe, K.; Baumgaertel, A.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Design of new amphiphilic triblock copoly(2-oxazoline)s containing a fluorinated segment. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 5100-5108.
179. Luxenhofer, R.; Schulz, A.; Roques, C.; Li, S.; Bronich, T.K.; Batrakova, E.V.; Jordan, R.; Kabanov, A.V. Doubly amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s as high-capacity delivery system for hydrophobic drugs. Biomaterials 2010, 31, 4972-4979.
180. Choi, H.-J.; Brooks, E.; Montemagno, C.D. Synthesis and characterization of nanoscale biomimetic polymer vesicles and polymer membranes for bioelectronics applications. Nanotechnology 2005, 16, 143-149.
181. Schönfelder, D.; Fischer, K.; Schmidt, M.; Nuyken, O.; Weberskirch, R. Poly(2-oxazoline)s functionalized with palladium carbene complexes: Soluble, amphiphilic polymer supports for C-C coupling reactions in water. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 254-262.
182. Han, Y.; He, Z.; Schulz, A.; Bronich, T.K.; Jordan, R.; Luxenhofer, R.; Kabanov, A.V. Synergistic combinations of multiple chemotherapeutic agents in high capacity poly(2-oxazoline) micelles. Mol. Pharm. 2012, 9, 2302-2313.
183. Kempe, K.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. A green approach for the synthesis and thiol-ene modification of alkene functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2011, 32, 1484-1489.
184. Cesana, S.; Kurek, A.; Baur, M.A.; Auernheimer, J.; Nuyken, O. Polymer-bound thiol groups on poly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 608-615.
185. Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Microwave-assisted cationic ring-opening polymerization of a soy-based 2-oxazoline monomer. Green Chem. 2006, 8, 895-899.
186. Kempe, K.; Neuwirth, T.; Czaplewska, J.; Gottschaldt, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Poly(2-oxazoline) glycopolymers with tunable LCST behavior. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 1737-1743.
187. Kempe, K.; Hoogenboom, R.; Jaeger, M.; Schubert, U.S. Three-fold metal-free efficient "click" reactions onto a multifunctional poly(2-oxazoline) designer scaffold. Macromolecules 2011, 44, 6424-6432.
188. Jakisch, L.; Komber, H.; Böhme, F. Multifunctional coupling agents: Synthesis and model reactions. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2003, 41, 655-667.
189. Gress, A.; Völkel, A.; Schlaad, H. Thio-click modification of poly[2-(3-butenyl)-2-oxazoline]. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 7928-7933.
190. Diehl, C.; Schlaad, H. Polyoxazoline-based crystalline microspheres for carbohydrate-protein recognition. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 11469-11472.
191. Del Rio, E.; Lligadas, G.; Ronda, J.C.; Galià, M.; Cádiz, V. Poly-2-oxazoline-derived polyurethanes: A versatile synthetic approach to renewable polyurethane thermosets. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2011, 49, 3069-3079.
192. Diehl, C.; Schlaad, H. Thermo-responsive polyoxazolines with widely tuneable LCST. Macromol. Biosci. 2009, 9, 157-161.
193. Kempe, K.; Weber, C.; Babiuch, K.; Gottschaldt, M.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Responsive glycol-poly(2-oxazoline)s: Synthesis, cloud point tuning, and lectin binding. Biomacromolecules 2011, 12, 2591-2600.
194. Luxenhofer, R.; Jordan, R. Click chemistry with poly(2-oxazoline)s. Macromolecules 2006, 39, 3509-3516.
195. Ten Brummelhuis, N.; Schlaad, H. Stimuli-responsive star polymers through thiol-yne core functionalization/crosslinking of block copolymer micelles. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 1180-1184.
196. Manzenrieder, F.; Luxenhofer, R.; Retzlaff, M.; Jordan, R.; Finn, M.G. Stabilization of virus-like particles with poly(2-oxazoline)s. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2601-2605.
197. Cesana, S.; Auernheimer, J.; Jordan, R.; Kessler, H.; Nuyken, O. First poly(2-oxazoline)s with pendant amino groups. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2006, 207, 183-192.
198. Kronek, J.; Luston, J.; Kronekova, Z.; Paulovicova, E.; Farkas, P.; Petrencikova, N.; Paulovicova, L.; Janigova, I. Synthesis and bioimmunological efficiency of poly(2-oxazoline)s containing a free amino group. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2010, 21, 879-886.
199. Taubmann, C.; Luxenhofer, R.; Cesana, S.; Jordan, R. First aldehyde-functionalized poly(2- oxazoline)s for chemoselective ligands. Macromol. Biosci. 2005, 5, 603-612.
200. Luston, J.; Kronek, J.; Böhme, F. Synthesis and polymerization reactions of cyclic imino ethers. I. Ring-opening homopolyaddition of AB-type hydroxyphenyl-substituted 2-oxazolines. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2006, 44, 343-355.
201. Krause, J.O.; Zarka, M.T.; Anders, U.; Weberskirch, R.; Nuyken, O.; Buchmeiser, M.R. Simple synthesis of poly(acetylene) latex particles in aqueous media. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 5965-5969.
202. Zarka, M.T.; Nuyken, O.; Weberskirch, R. Polymer-bound, amphiphilic Hoveyda-Grubbs-type catalyst for ring-closing metathesis in water. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2004, 25, 858-862.
203. Wang, H.; Li, L.; Tong, Q.; Yan, M. Evaluation of photochemically immobilized poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) thin films as protein-resistant surfaces. Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 3463-3471.
204. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Bonami, L.; Du Prez, F.E.; Hoogenboom, R. Linear poly(alkyl ethylene imne) with varying side chain length: Synthesis and physical properties. Polym. Chem. 2010, 1, 747-754.
205. Bauer, M.; Lautenschlaeger, C.; Kempe, K.; Tauhardt, L.; Schubert, U.S.; Fischer, D. Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as alternative for the stealth polymer poly(ethylene glycol): Comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility. Macromol. Biosci. 2012, 12, 986-998.
206. Luxenhofer, R.; Sahay, G.; Schulz, A.; Alakhova, D.; Bronich, T.K.; Jordan, R.; Kabanov, A.V. Structure-property relationship in cytotoxicity and cell uptake of poly(2-oxazoline) amphiphiles. J. Contr. Rel. 2011, 153, 73-82.
207. Van Kuringen, H.P.C.; Lenoir, J.; Adriaens, E.; Bender, J.; de Geest, B.G.; Hoogenboom, R. Partial hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and potential implications for biomedical applications. Macromol. Biosci. 2012, 12, 1114-1123.
208. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; van der Woerdt, F.S.; Baumgaertel, A.; Bonami, L.; Du Prez, F.E.; Schubert, U.S.; Hoogenboom, R. Linear poly(ethylene imine)s by acidic hydrolysis of poly(2-oxazoline)s: Kinetic screening, thermal properties, and temperature-induced solubility transitions. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 927-933.
209. Niko, Y.; Konishi, G. Polymer-chain-induced tunable luminescence properties: Amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s possessing a N,N,-dialkylpyrene-1-carboxamide chromophore in the side chain. Macromolecules 2012, 45, 2327-2337.
210. Hsiue, G.-H.; Chiang, H.-Z.; Wang, C.-H.; Juang, T.-M. Nonviral gene carriers based on diblock copolymers of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and linear polyethylenimine. Bioconjug. Chem. 2006, 17, 781-786.
211. Jeon, J.-H.; Lee, S.-H.; Lim, J.-H.; Kim, K.-M. Synthesis and characterization of novel hybrid polyoxazoline-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 116, 2937-2943.
212. Lambermont-Thijs, H.M.L.; Heuts, J.P.A.; Hoeppener, S.; Hoogenboom, R.; Schubert, U.S. Selective partial hydrolysis of amphiphilic copoly(2-oxazoline)s as basis for temperature and pH responsive micelles. Polym. Chem. 2011, 2, 313-322.
213. Van Kuringen, H.P.C.; de la Rosa, V.R.; Fijten, M.W.M.; Heuts, J.P.A.; Hoogenboom, R. Enhanced selectivity for the hydrolysis of block copoly(2-oxazoline)s in ethanol-water resulting in linear poly(ethylene imine) copolymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2012, 33, 827-832.
214. Navarro, S.; Shkilnyy, A.; Tiersch, B.; Taubert, A.; Menzel, H. Preparation, characterization, and thermal gelation of amphiphilic alkyl-poly(ethyleneimine). Langmuir 2009, 25, 10558-10566.
215. Santini, C.M.B.; Johnson, M.A.; Boedicker, J.Q.; Hatton, T.A.; Hammond, P.T. Synthesis and bulk assembly behavior of linear-dendritic rod diblock copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2004, 42, 2784-2814.
216. Yan, M.; Ren, J. Covalent immobilization of ultrathin polymer films by thermal activation of perfluorophenyl azide. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 1627-1632.
217. Dhende, V.P.; Samanta, S.; Jones, D.M.; Hardin, I.R.; Locklin, J. One-step photochemical synthesis of permanent, nonleaching, ultrathin antimicrobial coatings for textiles and plastics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 2830-2837.
218. Chang, B.-J.; Prucker, O.; Groh, E.; Wallrath, A.; Dahm, M.; Rühe, J. Surface-attached polymer monolayers for the control of endothelial cell adhesion. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2002, 198-200, 519-526.
219. Pasquier, N.; Keul, H.; Heine, E.; Moeller, M. From multifunctionalized poly(ethylene imine)s toward antimicrobial coatings. Biomacromolecules 2007, 8, 2874-2882.
220. Kelly, A.; Kaltenhauser, V.; Mühlbacher, I.; Rametsteiner, K.; Kren, H.; Slugovc, C.; Stelzer, F.; Wiesbrock, F. Poly(2-oxazoline)-derived contact biocides: Contributions to the understanding of antimicrobial activity. Macromol. Biosci. 2013, 13, 116-125.